Introduction. Multiple Roles of Translation in the Context of Minority Languages and Revitalisation

This cross-disciplinary review article provides an overview of previous studies on minority language translation by combining Translation Studies with language revitalization research and the study of the multilingual practices of minority language speakers. The article explores possible links between these three areas of research that, so far, have shown relatively little interest in a cross-disciplinary approach, and hopes thus to contribute to a better understanding of the different types and status of minority languages as well as the diverse roles of translation and interpreting for their speakers.</p

Translation policy and indigenous languages in Hispanic Latin America

This article will critically examine the nature and role of translation policy in relation to language policy in the Andean-Amazonian region of South America, with examples from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. The historical legacy of Spanish colonization in this region resulted in widespread loss of the native Amerindian languages over the centuries, and still today the hegemony of Spanish ensures an ongoing process of language shift. Deep-rooted inequalities and discriminatory practices associated with linguistic and cultural difference characterize the societies of the countries we will discuss (Mannheim 1991; Howard 2007). Whereas translation and interpreting between Spanish and global foreign languages tend to be highly regulated practices, interpretation and translation between Spanish and the indigenous languages have been an ad hoc set of practices since colonial times, due to these societal asymmetries. We will start from the premises laid out by Meylaerts (2011), who reminds us that ´a translation policy is to be defined as a set of legal rules that regulate translation in the public domain´ and that, moreover, ´[a]ny language policy presupposes a translation policy´ (Meylaerts 2011: 165). In the postcolonial context of the Andean-Amazonian countries, and in light of the indigenous activism arising here in response to language policy and translation policy, the concept of ´policy as practice´ (Sutton & Levinson 2011: 1) is also salient. We will incorporate theory from critical social policy studies that allows us to think of policy not only as ´the conduct of political and public affairs by a government or an administration´ (Meylaerts 2011: 165) from the top down, but also as socially constructed practice from the bottom-up and among a diverse range of actors (Sutton & Levinson 2011). Across the three countries that form the focus of this study, an estimated xx languages belonging to an estimated xx language families are spoken. A State driven concern to legislate for language rights, and ultimately to formulate a national language policy, has been on the political agenda to varying degrees and with varying outcomes in the region over the past two decades. Different country-specific political and social contexts have given rise to variations in the ways the issue has been approached. Likewise, there are variations in the extent to which an attention to translation policy, as a part of language policy, has been explicitly formulated and acted upon. Peru provides the most advanced scenario in this respect, while strong interest in and awareness of the need for translation policy is expressed in the cases of Bolivia and Ecuador. This paper will examine these different scenarios in a comparative perspective, and will hope to have an impact in all three countries, bringing the notion of translation policy to the fore for the attention of policy makers. Within this wider context, the article will present a case study of Peru based on the authors´ recent in-country research. Language policy in Peru is being constructed on the basis of the Languages Act passed in 2011. It is of interest that the State is not yet articulating the notion of translation policy as such and yet de facto, through its actions, it is implementing an incipient translation policy as integral to language policy and as expressed in the law. Implementation includes state-sponsored training of indigenous people as accredited translators and interpreters to work between Spanish and their native languages in public service settings. We will give examples of how policy has benefited speakers of Quechua, Aymara, and some of the Amazonian languages

What Do (We Think) We Know about Indirectness in Literary Translation? A Tentative Review of the State-of-the-art and Possible Research Avenues

Studies with a specific focus on Indirect Translation (ITr) often suggest that little knowledge has been produced on this phenomenon, in spite of the frequent use of ITr in intercultural communication. Indeed, ITr is a phenomenon that combines a relatively small amount of research with vary ing terminology, lack of consensus on the conceptual level and limited methodological recommendations. Therefore, in an effort to address this gap, this paper seeks to foreground the concept of ITr, to put it (back?) on the map of Translation Studies and to encourage future empirical research. To do so, the paper will aim to (1) shed new light on the state-of-the art of current research on this phenomenon (by presenting the results of a brief bibliographical review); (2) add value to the current sum total of knowledge (by summarizing, exploring and challenging key assumptions typically made with regard to ITr); and (3) reflect on future research avenues (by indicating areas in need of urgent development). While doing so, the main focus will be on literary translation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Volver a la patria

El presente artículo toma los conceptos de la ética y la responsabilidad social como los puntos de partida para la conservación de la lengua judeoespañola y como los agentes que influyen en la traducción del judeoespañol a otras lenguas, poniendo énfasis en la lengua y cultura checas. Teniendo en cuenta la actual actitud internacional respecto al tema (por ejemplo, la fundación de la Academia Nacional del Ladino) y nuevos campos de interés dentro de la traductología (como el estudio de las lenguas marginadas y marginales hasta hace poco), la comunicación pretende estudiar la motivación de las traducciones checas del judeoespañol. Para tal fin, examina los paratextos que acompañan dichas traducciones. Puesto que la autora abre dicho tema dentro de la traductología checa, el estudio se basa aquí en sus descubrimientos actuales que comprenden: discos de canciones sefardíes, libros que conllevan pasajes judeoespañoles, etcétera. El estudio de dichos paratextos destaca los temas de la ética y la responsabilidad social escondidos en las dos catástrofes que ocurrieron en la historia sefardí –la expulsión de la península ibérica por los Reyes Católicos y el Holocausto– y los presenta como las motivaciones para traducir y, consecuentemente, salvar al idioma y su cultura

Translating Vasilij Šukšin’s literary dialogue into Swedish : Finland Swedish as an extra resource

Peer reviewe

Com és una sociologia aplicada a la traducció?

Aquest monogràfic vol reunir, precisament, algunes ullades sociològiques sobre el camp de la Traductologia. Per subratllar aquest fet, l’hem intitulat “Sociologia aplicada a la Traducció” (SAT)

Valstybinė kultūros politika Gruzijos mažų knygų rinkoje. Vertimo dotacijų programos „Gruzinų literatūros vertimai“ atvejis (2010–2018)

This paper analyses translation support in the Georgian literary field by studying the case of the translation grant program “Georgian Literature in Translation” (2010-2018). Accordingly, it offers a quantitative and qualitative study of the selection of translation projects that have received grants from the Georgian National Book Center as of 2010, when the translation policy program was first launched. This study will consider a) which authors are being promoted by the state and which titles are being translated; b) which publishing houses have benefited the most from these subsidies; and c) which target languages are used in said projects, relying on the frameworks of the sociology of translation (Heilbron and Sapiro). The hypotheses of this paper are 1) that there is a strong impact of the Frankfurt Book Fair and an increase of state-supported translations; 2) a great role of German as a target language in these projects; and 3) relatively active translation flows in the region where Georgia is located. Fieldwork from the 2018 Frankfurt Book Fair will serve as a complementary source, as well as the interviews that I have conducted with agents of the Georgian literary field.Straipsnyje analizuojama vertimams teikiama parama Gruzijos literatū­riniame lauke tiriant 2010–2018 m. dotacijų programą „Gruzijos lite­ratūros vertimai“. Pateikiamas kiekybinis ir kokybinis atrinktų vertimo projektų, inicijuotų su Gruzijos nacionalinio knygų centro parama prade­dant nuo 2010 m., tyrimas. Straipsnyje orientuojamasi į kelis aspektus: a) kuriuos autorius remia valstybė ir kokie kūriniai verčiami; b) kurios leidyklos gavo daugiausia naudos iš aptariamų subsidijų; c) remiantis vertimo sociologija (Heilbron, Sapiro), į kokias kalbas nukreipti projekti­niai vertimai. Straipsnio hipotezės: 1) esama stipraus Frankfurto knygų mugės poveikio ir padidėjusio valstybės remiamų vertimų skaičiaus; 2) projektuose didelį vaidmenį atlieka vokiečių kalba; 3)Gruzija patenka į regioną, kur vykdoma daug vertimų. Tyrimas papildomas stebėjimo duomenimis, surinktais 2018 m. Frankfurto knygų mugėje, ir pokalbiais su agentais, dirbančiais Gruzijos literatūriniame lauke

Introduction: self-translating, from minorisation to empowerment

This introductory chapter discusses the implications of self-translation in multilingual contexts in Europe, aiming at mapping out innovative perspectives to the study of power and, by so doing, empowering self-translation. We start by critically engaging with the ‘cultural’ and ‘power turns’ in translation studies, as a way of delineating what the particularities of self-translation are when practised by author-translators in multilingual spaces. Focusing on the European milieu, defined broadly in terms of its geographies, we then discuss multilingualism, cultural awareness and ethnic diversity as staple terms in both academic and political ideologies across Europe, emphasising that one of the aspects of multilingualism is precisely the power differentials between languages and cultures. We explore these unequal power relations and centre–periphery dichotomies of Europe’s ‘minorised’ languages, literatures and cultures, suggesting the usage of ‘minorised’ in preference to the others discussed, inasmuch as it highlights both hegemonic power hierarchies and also the continual resistance to them. This is followed by a brief overview of the emerging debates in the subdiscipline of self-translation in recent times. It is within them that we situate our contribution, arguing that the self-translators’ double affiliation as authors and translators turns them into powerful cultural and ideological mediators and places them in a privileged position to challenge (or submit to) power. Here another term, ‘self-censorship,’ is suggested as invaluable to self-translation studies where self-editing often occurs before translation is begun. Finally, the introduction presents the organisation of the book and the main ideas discussed by the 11 authors in their individual chapters

Traductores : de les disculpes a les afirmacions

Projecte "La traducción en el sistema literario catalán; exilio, género e ideología (1939-2000)", finançat pel Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (ref. FFI2010-19851-C02-01)