A framework for variable content document generation with multiple actors

“NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Information and Software Technology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Information and Software Technology, Volume 56, Issue 9, September 2014, Pages 1101–1121 DOI10.1016/j.infsof.2013.12.006Context - Advances in customization have highlighted the need for tools supporting variable content document management and generation in many domains. Current tools allow the generation of highly customized documents that are variable in both content and layout. However, most frameworks are technology-oriented, and their use requires advanced skills in implementation-related tools, which means their use by end users (i.e. document designers) is severely limited. Objective - Starting from past and current trends for customized document authoring, our goal is to provide a document generation alternative in which variants are specified at a high level of abstraction and content reuse can be maximized in high variability scenarios. Method Based on our experience in Document Engineering, we identified areas in the variable content document management and generation field open to further improvement. We first classified the primary sources of variability in document composition processes and then developed a methodology, which we called DPL based on Software Product Lines principles to support document generation in high variability scenarios. Results - In order to validate the applicability of our methodology we implemented a tool DPLfw to carry out DPL processes. After using this in different scenarios, we compared our proposal with other state-of-the-art tools for variable content document management and generation. Conclusion - The DPLfw showed a good capacity for the automatic generation of variable content documents equal to or in some cases surpassing other currently available approaches. To the best of our knowledge, DPLfw is the only framework that combines variable content and document workflow facilities, easing the generation of variable content documents in which multiple actors play different roles.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Grant TIPEx (TIN2010-19859-C03-03).Gómez Llana, A.; Penadés Gramage, MC.; Canos Cerda, JH.; Borges, MR.; Llavador Campos, M. (2014). A framework for variable content document generation with multiple actors. Information and Software Technology. 56(9):1101-1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2013.12.006S1101112156

Research Productivity of Library and Information Science Faculty of West Zone of India: A Bibliometric Study

This study conducts a Bibliometrics analysis with the aim of identifying significant contributions of LIS faculties. There has been rapid increase of academic literature by faculties so that it is an important aspect to analyse their intellectual work with Bibliometric parameters. Bibliometrics used as a research method in Library and Information Science field. This research work based on secondary data total 13 universities taken from the West Zone of India in which 37 permanent faculties presently working. Researchers collected data from University websites, Google Scholar and Research Gate. In this study examined the Prolific Authors, Authorship Pattern, degree of collaboration and top Preferred Journals. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine the analytical patterns of the literature published in the International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology on the basis of citation analysis and to analyse the articles published from the year 2017-2021. Results show that total 218 articles referred 1289 citations in which journals are the most favourable form of documents with the contribution of 54.46%. Methodology: For the present study International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology has been selected as the source journal. (IJIDT) is a Quarterly Refereed/ Juried Journal for Information Scientist/ Professionals and Knowledge Managers. All the lead articles and research paper of five volumes (Vol 7-Vol 11) containing 20 issues published during 2017-2021 have been taken up for the study. Statistical tools, like tabular presentation of various data, line diagram, bar diagram and pie diagram are used to represent the study effectively. Findings: From this study the major findings are: (a) The number of papers in various volumes in IJIDT from 2017-2021,The maximum articles are published in 7 volume i.e. 56(25.68%) and the lowest number of contributions are 35 (16.05%) in the volume 11. (b) Maximum number of references is found in 96 articles cite 11-15 references with 44.03% followed by 6-10 references with 19.26% and 0-5 and 16-20 references with 12.84 % respectively both. (c) The distribution of bibliographical forms of cited documents preferred journals as the source of information.Journals contribute highest citations with 702 (54.46%) followed by web resources with 296 (22.96%) and books with 182(14.11%). Citations from theses/ dissertations are marginal. Here, others include seminar proceedings and report etc. (d) Two authors papers are the most with 73 articles (34.43%) followed by single authors with 64 articles (30.18%) and three authors with 42 articles (19.81%). There are small percentages of articles published by more than five authors with 4 articles (1.88%). Value: It is expected that citation methods are used in studies of properties and behaviour of recorded knowledge for analysis of the structures of scientific and research areas

Sustainable Higher Education Development through Technology Enhanced Learning

[EN] Higher education is incorporating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at a fast rate for different purposes. Scientific papers include within the concept of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) the myriad applications of information and communication technology, e-resources, and pedagogical approaches to the development of education. TEL¿s specific application to higher education is especially relevant for countries under rapid development for providing quick and sustainable access to quality education (UN sustainable development goal 4). This paper presents the research results of an online pedagogical experience in collaborative academic research for analyzing good practice in TEL-supported higher education development. The results are obtained through a pilot implementation providing curated data on TEL competency¿s development of faculty skills and analysis of developing sustainable higher education degrees through TEL cooperation, for capacity building. Given the increased volume and complexity of the knowledge to be delivered, and the exponential growth of the need for skilled workers in emerging economies, online training is the most effective way of delivering a sustainable higher education. The results of the PETRA Erasmus+ capacity-building project provides evidence of a successful implementation of a TEL-supported methodology for collaborative faculty development focused on future online degrees built collaboratively and applied locally.This research was co-funded by the European Commission through the Erasmus+ KA2 project "Promoting Excellence in Teaching and Learning in Azerbaijani Universities (PETRA)" project number 573630-EPP-1-2016-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP.Orozco-Messana, J.; Martínez-Rubio, J.; Gonzálvez-Pons, AM. (2020). Sustainable Higher Education Development through Technology Enhanced Learning. Sustainability. 12(9):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093600S113129Abdullah, F., & Ward, R. (2016). Developing a General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL) by analysing commonly used external factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 238-256. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.036Becker, H. J., & Ravitz, J. (1999). The Influence of Computer and Internet Use on Teachers’ Pedagogical Practices and Perceptions. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31(4), 356-384. doi:10.1080/08886504.1999.10782260Mumford, S., & Dikilitaş, K. (2020). Pre-service language teachers reflection development through online interaction in a hybrid learning course. Computers & Education, 144, 103706. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103706Lee, D., Watson, S. L., & Watson, W. R. (2020). The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task Value, and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Massive Open Online Courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(1), 23-39. doi:10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4389Passey, D. (2019). Technology‐enhanced learning: Rethinking the term, the concept and its theoretical background. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 972-986. doi:10.1111/bjet.12783Lai, Y.-C., & Peng, L.-H. (2019). Effective Teaching and Activities of Excellent Teachers for the Sustainable Development of Higher Design Education. Sustainability, 12(1), 28. doi:10.3390/su12010028Lee, S., Lee, H., & Kim, T. (2018). A Study on the Instructor Role in Dealing with Mixed Contents: How It Affects Learner Satisfaction and Retention in e-Learning. Sustainability, 10(3), 850. doi:10.3390/su10030850“Continuous Improvement in Teaching Strategies through Lean Principles”. Teaching & Learning Symposium, University of Southern Indiana http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12419/455The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. (2003). Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. doi:10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748Goodman, J., Melkers, J., & Pallais, A. (2019). Can Online Delivery Increase Access to Education? Journal of Labor Economics, 37(1), 1-34. doi:10.1086/698895Alexander, J., Barcellona, M., McLachlan, S., & Sackley, C. (2019). Technology-enhanced learning in physiotherapy education: Student satisfaction and knowledge acquisition of entry-level students in the United Kingdom. Research in Learning Technology, 27(0). doi:10.25304/rlt.v27.2073How Can Adaptive Platforms Improve Student Learning Outcomes? A Case Study of Open Educational Resources and Adaptive Learning Platforms https://ssrn.com/abstract=3478134Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Online Education and Its Effective Practice: A Research Review. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 15, 157-190. doi:10.28945/3502EU Commission https://ec.europa.eu/education/education-in-the-eu/digital-education-action-plan_enEssence Project https://husite.nl/essence/Orozco-Messana, J., de la Poza-Plaza, E., & Calabuig-Moreno, R. (2020). Experiences in Transdisciplinary Education for the Sustainable Development of the Built Environment, the ISAlab Workshop. Sustainability, 12(3), 1143. doi:10.3390/su12031143Kurilovas, E., & Kubilinskiene, S. (2020). Lithuanian case study on evaluating suitability, acceptance and use of IT tools by students – An example of applying Technology Enhanced Learning Research methods in Higher Education. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106274. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.10627

대형 폐기물량 산정을 위한 UAS와 TLS 기반 공간정보 구축기법 연구

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :환경대학원 협동과정 조경학,2019. 8. 이동근.대형재난 발생에 대한 사전예방부터 대응단계까지 전과정의 체계적이고 효율적인 대처를 통해 인명, 재산, 환경 등의 피해를 최소화하여야 한다. 본 연구는 대형재난 발생 시 대응 과정 중 폐기물량 산정에 집중하여 연구를 수행하였다. 대형폐기물량 산정에 대한 연구는 과거부터 수행되고 있지만 실질적인 측정이 어렵기 때문에 발생 이전의 정보를 이용하여 모델링, 원격탐사 등의 기술을 이용하여 폐기물량을 예측하는 연구가 다수 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 활발하게 이용되고 있는 UAS (Unmanned Aerial System)를 기반으로 폐기물량을 산정하고 정확도를 평가하며 기존 기술과의 비교와 분석을 수행하고자 하였다. UAS는 UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)를 이용하여 영상을 취득하고 분석하는 전반적인 과정이라고 볼 수 있다. UAS를 이용하여 3차원 공간정보를 구축하고 정확도를 평가하는 연구가 과거부터 주로 수행되고 있으며 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있다. 이와 유사하게 TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning)를 이용하여 3차원 공간정보를 구축할 수 있는데 측량 분야에서 주로 이용되고 있으며 그 정확성 또한 우수하여 식생, 건축, 토목, 문화재, 지형측량 등 다양한 분야에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 대형폐기물량 또한 TLS를 이용하여 3차원 공간정보 구축 후 산정할 수 있지만 비용, 시간 등의 제약사항으로 인해 활용이 불가능하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 크게 3가지 부분으로 구분할 수 있다. 첫 번째는 UAS를 이용한 3차원 공간정보 구축과 폐기물량 산정 가능성 모색이다. UAS를 이용하여 3차원 공간정보 구축까지의 과정을 정밀 분석하여 최적의 비행변수와 기타 변수를 도출하여 폐기물량 산정의 가능성을 보고자 하였다. 두 번째는 TLS 기술과 UAS 기술 기반의 3차원 공간정보의 비교와 분석이다. 각각의 3차원 공간정보를 M3C2알고리즘을 이용하여 비교하고 분석하여 최적의 폐기물량 산정 기법을 도출하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 세 번째는 3차원 공간정보의 융합과 효율성 분석이다. 두 가지 기술을 융합하여 3차원 공간정보를 구축하고 효율성을 분석하여 UAS, TLS, 융합기법 세가지 방법론간의 차이와 최적의 폐기물량 산정 기법을 도출하고자 하였다. 주요 비행변수는 비행고도와 영상의 중복도이며 이외 변수는 지상기준점 개수이다. 이 외에도 카메라 내부표정, 짐벌의 흔들림 정도를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 56개의 케이스 중 최적의 변수를 도출하였으며 과거 연구와는 다르게 고도차이가 많이 나는 폐기물 지역에서는 DW (Distance covered on the ground by on image in Width direction)에 의해 결과가 도출되었다. 일반적으로 고도가 낮을수록 높은 정확도를 가지는 3차원 공간정보를 구축하지만 본 연구에서는 고도가 낮을수록 정확도가 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 56개의 케이스 모두 정확도 분석을 실시하였으며 정확도와 폐기물량간의 상관성이 있음을 도출하였다. 3차원 공간정보의 정확도가 높을수록 산정한 폐기물량이 유사했으며 이와 반대로 정확도가 낮은 3차원 공간정보들에서는 폐기물량이 제각각으로 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 일련의 과정을 통해 폐기물량 산정을 위한 UAS 최적 변수를 도출하였으며 3차원 공간정보 기반의 폐기물량 산정 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. M3C2알고리즘을 이용하여 UAS와 TLS 기반의 3차원 공간정보를 비교하였으며 이를 통해, 각각의 공간정보가 가지고 있는 장단점을 확인할 수 있었다. 정확도의 경우, UAS기반 3차원 공간정보의 RMSE는 0.032m, TLS의 RMSE는 0.202m로 UAS의 정확도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 기술을 융합한 3차원 공간정보의 RMSE는 0.030m로써 세 가지 방법론 중에서 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다. 하지만 효율성 관점에서 분석한 결과, UAS 기반의 3차원 공간정보가 단시간에 높은 정확도를 보이는 결과로 도출됨으로써 대형폐기물량 산정에 최적화된 기술과 방법론을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이 외에도 비용을 분석한 결과, UAS 기반의 3차원 모형 구축까지 소비된 비용이 TLS에 비해 적은 비용이 소비된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 대형재난 시 비교적 단시간에 대응하여 피해를 최소화 하고 다양한 의사결정을 진행해야 하는데, 본 연구를 통해 도출한 UAS 기반의 3차원 공간정보 구축 기법은 대형 폐기물량산정과 공간적 의사결정에 활용할 수 있을 기대한다.Damage to people, property, and the environment must be minimized through systematic and efficient handling of large-scale disasters throughout the entire process from prevention to the response stage. This study focused on the waste quantity calculations that are part of the response process during large-scale disasters. Studies on large-scale waste quantity calculations have been performed in the past, but actual measurements are difficult. Therefore, many studies are being performed on using information from previous instances to perform modeling and using technologies such as remote sensing to estimate waste quantities. This study calculated waste quantities based on UAS (unmanned aerial system), which is a technology that is often used these days. It evaluated the accuracy of this technology, and it analyzed and compared the technology with existing technologies. UAS can be seen as an overall process of using UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to capture images and analyzing them. Studies have been conducted in the past on using UAS to build 3D spatial information and evaluate accuracy, and they are being used integrally in a variety of fields. Similarly, 3D spatial information can be built using TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning), and these are chiefly used in the surveying field. This methods accuracy is excellent, and it is widely used in a variety of fields such as vegetation, construction, civil engineering, cultural assets, and topographical surveys. Large-scale waste can also be calculated by using TLS to build a 3D spatial information, but it is seen as unfeasible to use due to cost and time limitations. This study is broadly divided into 3 parts. The first part is examining the feasibility of using UAS to build a 3D spatial information and calculate waste quantity. The process up to the point of using UAS to build a 3D spatial information was analyzed in detail, and optimal flight variables and other variables were found in order to examine the feasibility of calculating waste quantity. The second part is comparing and analyzing 3D spatial information based on TLS and UAS technology. The 3D spatial information were compared and analyzed using the M3C2 algorithm, and the optimal waste quantity calculation methods were found. Finally, the third part is analyzing a combination of the 3D spatial information and the 3D spatial information efficiency. The two technologies were combined to build a 3D spatial information, and their efficiency was analyzed to find the differences between the three methodologies (UAS, TLS, and the combined method), as well as find the optimal waste quantity calculation method. The major flight variables are the flight altitude and image overlap. Another variable is the number of ground control points. In addition to this, the camera interior orientation and degree of gimbal shaking were analyzed. Through this study, the optimal variables among 56 cases were found. Unlike past studies, it was discovered that the results were contrary to previous studies due to the DW (Distance covered on the ground by on image in Width direction) in waste regions with a lot of altitude differences. Normally, as the altitude becomes lower, the accuracy of the 3D spatial information becomes higher, but in this study it was found that the accuracy became lower as the altitude became lower. The accuracy of all 56 cases was analyzed, and it was found that there is a correlation between accuracy and the amount of waste. As the accuracy of the 3D spatial information increased, the calculated waste amounts became similar. Conversely, in 3D spatial information with low accuracy, it was found that the waste amounts were different. Through this sequential process, the optimal UAS variables for calculating waste amounts were found, and it was possible to confirm the feasibility of calculating waste amounts based on 3D spatial iformation. The M3C2 algorithm was used to compare the UAS and TLS-based 3D spatial information, and by doing so, it was possible to confirm the advantages and disadvantages of each model. As for accuracy, the RMSE of the UAS-based 3D spatial information was 0.032 m, and the RMSE of the TLS model was 0.202, making the UAS models accuracy higher. The RMSE of the 3D spatial information which combined the two technologies was 0.030 m, and it showed the highest accuracy of the three methodologies. However, in terms of efficiency, the analyzed results were able to confirm that the UAS-based 3D spatial information had the optimal technology and methodology for large-scale waste amount calculations by creating a model which shows high accuracy in a short time. In addition, cost analysis results were able to confirm that the cost of building the UAS-based 3D spatial information was lower than that of TLS. During large-scale disasters, it is necessary to respond in a relatively short time to minimize damage and perform a variety of decision-making. The UAS-based 3D spatial information building method found in this study can be used for large-scale waste amount calculations and spatial decision-making.I. Introduction 1 II. Literature Review 7 1. Studies on Applying the UAS to Disaster Management 7 2. Accuracy of UAS-based 3D Model Construction 14 3. Disaster Waste Quantity 26 III. Materials and Methods 34 1. Optimal Flight Parameters for UAV Generating 3D Spatial Information 36 1.1. Design of UAV Flight 36 1.2. Photogrammetric Processing for the Acquisition of 3D Spatial Information 41 1.3. Assessment of the 3D Spatial Information Accuracy 43 1.4. Computation of the Amount of Waste 45 2. Comparison and Analysis of TLS and UAS Methodology for Optimal Volume Computation 47 2.1. TLS and UAS-based 3D Spatial Information Generation and Volume Computation 49 2.2. Comparison and Analysis of 3D Spatial Information 55 3. Multispace Fusion Methodology-based 3D Spatial Information Generating and Efficiency Analysis 57 3.1. Multispace Fusion Methodology-based 3D Spatial Information 57 3.2. Efficiency Analysis of 3D Spatial Information for Responding to Large-scale Disasters 58 III. Result and Discussion 59 1. Optimal Flight Parameters for UAV Generating 3D Spatial Information and Investigation of Feasibility 59 1.1. Generation of 3D Spatial Information using UAS 59 1.2. Assessment of the 3D Spatial Information Accuracy 64 1.3. Computation of the Amount of Waste and Optimal flights parameters 76 2. Comparison and Analysis of TLS and UAS-based 3D Spatial Information 84 2.1. Generation of 3D Spatial Information and Volume Computation using UAS 84 2.2. Spatial Comparison and Analysis 88 3. Multispace Fusion Methodology-based 3D Spatial Information Generating and Efficiency Analysis 93 3.1. Multispace Fusion Methodology-based 3D Spatial Information 93 3.2. 3D Spatial information Efficiency Analysis for Responding to Large-scale Disasters 96 IV. Conclusion 100 V. Bibliography 103Docto

KM Maturity Factors Affecting High Performance in Universities

This paper aims to measure Knowledge Management Maturity (KMM) in the universities to determine the impact of knowledge management on high performance. This study was applied on Al-Quds Open University in Gaza strip, Palestine. Asian productivity organization model was applied to measure KMM. Second dimension which assess high performance was developed by the authors. The controlled sample was (306). Several statistical tools were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing, including reliability Correlation using Cronbach’s alpha, “ANOVA”, Simple Linear Regression and Step Wise Regression.The overall findings of the current study suggest that KMM is suitable for measuring high performance. KMM assessment shows that maturity level is in level three. Findings also support the main hypothesis and it is sub- hypotheses. The most important factors effecting high performance are: Processes, KM leadership, People, KM Outcomes and Learning and Innovation. Furthermore the current study is unique by the virtue of its nature, scope and way of implied investigation, as it is the first comparative study in the universities of Palestine explores the status of KMM using the Asian productivity Model

Fighting Fire with Fire: Technology in Child Sex Trafficking

We map real articulation data for five Swedish phonemen sequences onto parameters of a biomechanical tongue model that produces movement and muscle activations from position data. The movement produced is broadly correct and could likely be improved by a more fine tuned mapping. The muscle activations were found to vary between simulations using the same data but matched well with previous studies on muscle activity for vowels

Forward solutions in digital learning transformation: a study in navigating 21st-century organizational learning for learning & development professionals

While there is a substantial volume of information on digital transformation in companies and basic knowledge of the learning functions in organizations, there is little academic research on the skilling required of Learning and Development Practitioners or Professionals (LDPs) and the impact 21st century digital transformation has on their role. This mixed methods study shares lived experiences and the perceptions of LDPs and identifies challenges with which they are faced. Overall, the study explores transformation of LDPs within the construct of organizations and the digital evolution. The study reviews how LDPs are adapting to the rapid changes and the evolution of their learning environments, their input on the support they receive, and how adapting their skills and capabilities are crucial for future success. Furthermore, it identifies the changes that impact the Learning and Development function (L&D) and the effects on LDPs\u27 roles, redefining and reimagining the purpose of organizational learning as it makes up the new ecosystem of learning driven by technology. It aimed to provide insights and answer questions on how LDPs are being supported by their leaders, are leaders removing roadblocks or adding new ones. The study used data, insights, and input from 56 learning practitioners currently impacted by agile organizational practices and the evolution of their role. Guiding the study were several key research questions which focused on the culture and support of learning by LDPs. Do LDPs feel they have opportunities to cultivate new skills and capabilities for the 21st century, and how have the adapted their practices to embrace digital learning. This study revealed 4 key conclusions related to creating a culture of learning for LDPs and providing an ecosystem which will contribute to their success and the broader community of practice. The study concluded with recommendations for future research and obtaining additional input of learning practitioners via interviews to seek out viewpoints which were not easily captured in surveys. Although additional points of view were welcomed, further recommendations identified excluding higher education practitioners to drive to more corporate organization results

Fighting Fire with Fire: Technology in Child Sex Trafficking

Mary G. Leary, Columbus School of Law at The Catholic University of Americ

UNH School of Law IP Library: 20th Anniversary Reflection on the Only Academic IP Library in the United States

[Excerpt] The UNH School of Law Intellectual Property Library celebrates its twentieth anniversary this year. It is a fortuitous time for this look back and for strategic considerations for the future. This anniversary comes at a time in the history of legal education when conditions over the past few years have intensified the analysis of mission and resources for law school libraries. This article is a retrospective review of the history and dynamics surrounding the founding and first twenty years of growth. It is also an analysis of the future growth and mission of the IP Library during times that demand more strategic vision, taking into consideration the explosion of information, formats, scope of intellectual property (IP) and allied areas of practice, competitor IP programs at other U.S. law schools, and greater scrutiny of expenses of U.S. law school libraries generally

A Spectral-Scanning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Transceiver

An integrated spectral-scanning nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) transceiver is implemented in a 0.12 mum SiGe BiCMOS process. The MRI transmitter and receiver circuitry is designed specifically for small-scale surface MRI diagnostics applications where creating low (below 1 T) and inhomogeneous magnetic field is more practical. The operation frequency for magnetic resonance detection and analysis is tunable from 1 kHz to 37 MHz, corresponding to 0-0.9 T magnetization for ^1H (hydrogen). The concurrent measurement bandwidth is approximately one frequency octave. The chip can also be used for conventional narrowband nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from 1 kHz up to 250 MHz. This integrated transceiver consists of both the magnetic resonance transmitter which generates the required excitation pulses for the magnetic dipole excitation, and the receiver which recovers the responses of the dipoles