Relações étnico-raciais e saberes docentes na escola de educação infantil da Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro

This work aims to identify strategies adopted in teaching practice in Early Childhood Education, considering the construction of a principle based on dialogue, which prioritize research with children. The concepts of teaching knowledge and diversity are thematic axes that are articulated with the Sociology of Childhood, which are presented as a guideline of the pedagogical project of a nursery school of Child Education located in Rio de Janeiro. In this sense, the studies began with the following questions: what are the pedagogical practices developed with children that involve the themes: diversity and ethnic-racial relations in Early Childhood Education? Do such practices seek to establish dialogue with the Education of ethnic-racial relations? For the methodological orientation of this study, we opted for a qualitative approach of research and documentary analysis as the privileged strategy of collecting fingerprints. The research points to the valorization of ethnic-racial relations and a demand for meetings of continuous formation that potentiate the groups of studies and exchanges of experiences.Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar las estrategias adoptadas en la práctica docente en Educación Infantil, considerando la construcción de un principio pautado en el diálogo, que priorice la investigación con niños. Los conceptos de saberes docentes y diversidad son ejes temáticos que se articulan con la Sociología de la Infancia que se presentan como una línea orientadora del proyecto pedagógico de una guardería universitaria de Educación Infantil ubicada en Río de Janeiro. En ese sentido, los estudios comenzaron con las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuáles son las prácticas pedagógicas desarrolladas con los niños que envuelven las temáticas: diversidad y relaciones étnico-raciales en la Educación Infantil? ¿Tales prácticas tratan de establecer el diálogo con la Educación de las relaciones étnico-raciales? Para orientación metodológica de este estudio, optamos por un abordaje cualitativo de investigación y análisis documental como la estrategia privilegiada de recolección de huellas. La investigación apunta a la valorización de las relaciones étnico-raciales y una demanda por encuentros de formación continuada que potencien los grupos de estudios e intercambios de experiencias.Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as estratégias adotadas na prática docente em Educação Infantil, considerando a construção de um princípio pautado no diálogo, que priorize a pesquisa com criança. Os conceitos de saberes docentes e diversidade são eixos temáticos que se articulam com a Sociologia da Infância que se apresentam como uma linha orientadora do projeto pedagógico de uma creche universitária de Educação Infantil localizada no Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, os estudos iniciaram com as seguintes questões: quais são as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas com as crianças que envolvem as temáticas: diversidade e relações étnico-raciais na Educação Infantil? Tais práticas procuram estabelecer o diálogo com a Educação das relações étnico-raciais? Para orientação metodológica deste estudo, optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e análise documental como sendo a estratégia privilegiada de coleta dedados. A pesquisa aponta para a valorização das relações étnico-raciais e uma demanda por encontros de formação continuada que potencializem os grupos de estudos e trocas de experiências

O processo de institucionalização da disciplina Trabalho-Educação nas políticas de formação em Pedagogia nas universidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro

O presente artigo destina tem como objetivo identificar e compreender como as universidades públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro organizam em suas grades curriculares, do curso de Pedagogia, o debate da discussão de Trabalho-Educação. Visa-se refletir sobre os rumos, as concepções e as fundamentações teóricas desta disciplina, bem como, verificar suas contribuições nessa formação. Assim, objetivamos: 1) refletir sobre as produções que contribuam com a temática desenvolvida na disciplina e, também, 2) analisar dos dados coletados no trabalho de campo realizado nas seguintes instituições públicas, no ano de 2008: UERJ (Faculdade de Educação da Baixada Fluminense, Faculdade de Educação), UFRJ, UFRRJ (Campus de Nova Iguaçu), UFF e UNIRIO. Dessa maneira, de um lado apresentamos os principais questionamentos e temáticas que constam nos estudos da área e que oferecem elementos para analisar o horizonte conceitual e a fundamentação teórica necessária na formação do pedagogo. De outro lado, destacamos as análises das ementas e os resultados do questionário semiestruturado com os professores que ministraram essa disciplina nas universidades a fim de discutir o processo de institucionalização desse debate Trabalho-Educação nos cursos de Pedagogia dessas universidades

O processo de institucionalização da disciplina Trabalho-Educação nas políticas de formação em Pedagogia nas universidades públicas do Rio de Janeiro

This article aims to identify and understand how the public universities of the State of Rio de Janeiro organize in the curriculum grades of the course of Pedagogy the debate of the discussion of Work-Education. It is intended to reflect on the directions, conceptions and theoretical foundations of this discipline, as well as verify their contributions in this training. Thus, we aim to: 1) reflect on the productions that contribute to the theme developed in the discipline and 2) analyze the data collected in the field work carried out in the following public institutions in 2008: UERJ (Baixada School of Education Fluminense, School of Education), UFRJ, UFRRJ (Campus of Nova Iguaçu), UFF and UNIRIO. Thus, on the one hand we present the main questions and themes that are included in the studies of the area and that offer elements to analyze the conceptual horizon and the theoretical foundation needed in the education of the pedagogue. On the other hand, we highlight the analyzes of the menus and the results of the semi structured questionnaire with the teachers who taught this discipline in the universities in order to discuss the process of institutionalization of this Work-Education debate in the courses of Pedagogy of these universities.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y comprender cómo las universidades públicas del Estado de Río de Janeiro organizan en sus rejillas curriculares, del curso de Pedagogía, el debate de la discusión de Trabajo-Educación. Se pretende reflexionar sobre los rumbos, las concepciones y las fundaciones teóricas de esta disciplina, así como, verificar sus contribuciones en esa formación. Así, objetivamos: 1) reflexionar sobre las producciones que contribuyan con la temática desarrollada en la disciplina y, también, 2) analizar los datos recogidos en el trabajo de campo realizado en las siguientes instituciones públicas, en el año 2008: UERJ (Facultad de Educación de la Baixada De la Universidad de Chile), UFRJ, UFRRJ (Campus de Nova Iguaçu), UFF y UNIRIO. De esa manera, por un lado, presentamos los principales cuestionamientos y temáticas que constan en los estudios del área y que ofrecen elementos para analizar el horizonte conceptual y la fundamentación teórica necesaria en la formación del pedagogo. Por otro lado, destacamos los análisis de los menús y los resultados del cuestionario semiestructurado con los profesores que ministraron esta disciplina en las universidades a fin de discutir el proceso de institucionalización de ese debate Trabajo-Educación en los cursos de Pedagogía de esas universidades.O presente artigo destina tem como objetivo identificar e compreender como as universidades públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro organizam em suas grades curriculares, do curso de Pedagogia, o debate da discussão de Trabalho-Educação. Visa-se refletir sobre os rumos, as concepções e as fundamentações teóricas desta disciplina, bem como, verificar suas contribuições nessa formação. Assim, objetivamos: 1) refletir sobre as produções que contribuam com a temática desenvolvida na disciplina e, também, 2) analisar dos dados coletados no trabalho de campo realizado nas seguintes instituições públicas, no ano de 2008: UERJ (Faculdade de Educação da Baixada Fluminense, Faculdade de Educação), UFRJ, UFRRJ (Campus de Nova Iguaçu), UFF e UNIRIO. Dessa maneira, de um lado apresentamos os principais questionamentos e temáticas que constam nos estudos da área e que oferecem elementos para analisar o horizonte conceitual e a fundamentação teórica necessária na formação do pedagogo. De outro lado, destacamos as análises das ementas e os resultados do questionário semiestruturado com os professores que ministraram essa disciplina nas universidades a fim de discutir o processo de institucionalização desse debate Trabalho-Educação nos cursos de Pedagogia dessas universidades

Home-based exercise program in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease (PEDI-CHAGAS study): A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundChagas disease (CD) is a neglected endemic disease with worldwide impact due to migration. Approximately 50–70% of individuals in the chronic phase of CD present the indeterminate form, characterized by parasitological and/or serological evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, but without clinical signs and symptoms. Subclinical abnormalities have been reported in indeterminate form of CD, including pro-inflammatory states and alterations in cardiac function, biomarkers and autonomic modulation. Moreover, individuals with CD are usually impacted on their personal and professional life, making social insertion difficult and impacting their mental health and quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise has been acknowledged as an important strategy to prevent and control numerous chronic-degenerative diseases, but unexplored in individuals with the indeterminate form of CD. The PEDI-CHAGAS study (which stands for “Home-Based Exercise Program in the Indeterminate Form of Chagas Disease” in Portuguese) aims to evaluate the effects of a home-based exercise program on physical and mental health outcomes in individuals with indeterminate form of CD.Methods and designThe PEDI-CHAGAS is a two-arm (exercise and control) phase 3 superiority randomized clinical trial including patients with indeterminate form of CD. The exclusion criteria are <18 years old, evidence of non-Chagasic cardiomyopathy, musculoskeletal or cognitive limitations that preclude the realization of exercise protocol, clinical contraindication for regular exercise, and regular physical exercise (≥1 × per week). Participants will be assessed at baseline, and after three and 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome will be QoL. Secondary outcomes will include blood pressure, physical fitness components, nutritional status, fatigability, autonomic modulation, cardiac morphology and function, low back pain, depression and anxiety, stress, sleep quality, medication use and adherence, and biochemical, inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Participants in the intervention group will undergo a home-based exercise program whilst those in the control group will receive only general information regarding the benefits of physical activity. Both groups will receive the same general nutritional counseling consisting of general orientations about healthy diets.ConclusionThe findings from the present study may support public health intervention strategies to improve physical and mental health parameters to be implemented more effectively in this population.Clinical trial registration[https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-10yxgcr9/], identifier [U1111-1263-0153]

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic