Transforming triangulations on non planar-surfaces

We consider whether any two triangulations of a polygon or a point set on a non-planar surface with a given metric can be transformed into each other by a sequence of edge flips. The answer is negative in general with some remarkable exceptions, such as polygons on the cylinder, and on the flat torus, and certain configurations of points on the cylinder.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. This version has been accepted in the SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics. Keywords: Graph of triangulations, triangulations on surfaces, triangulations of polygons, edge fli

Enhanced spin accumulation at room temperature in graphene spin valves with amorphous carbon interfacial layers

We demonstrate a large enhancement of the spin accumulation in monolayer graphene following electron-beam induced deposition of an amorphous carbon layer at the ferromagnet-graphene interface. The enhancement is 10^4-fold when graphene is deposited onto poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) and exposed with sufficient electron-beam dose to cross-link the PMMA, and 10^3-fold when graphene is deposited directly onto SiO2 and exposed with identical dose. We attribute the difference to a more efficient carbon deposition in the former case due to an increase in the presence of compounds containing carbon, which are released by the PMMA. The amorphous carbon interface can sustain very large current densities without degrading, which leads to very large spin accumulations exceeding 500 microeVs at room temperature

Oscillatory dynamics of a superconductor vortex lattice in high amplitude ac magnetic fields

In this work we study by ac susceptibility measurements the evolution of the solid vortex lattice mobility under oscillating forces. Previous work had already shown that in YBCO single crystals, below the melting transition, a temporarily symmetric magnetic ac field (e.g. sinusoidal, square, triangular) can heal the vortex lattice (VL) and increase its mobility, but a temporarily asymmetric one (e.g. sawtooth) of the same amplitude can tear the lattice into a more pinned disordered state. In this work we present evidence that the mobility of the VL is reduced for large vortex displacements, in agreement with predictions of recent simulations. We show that with large symmetric oscillating fields both an initially ordered or an initially disordered VL configuration evolve towards a less mobile lattice, supporting the scenario of plastic flow.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

New Lower Devonian Polygnathids (Conodonta) from the Spanish Central Pyrenees, with comments on the early radiation of the group

The comprehensive study of six Pragian-lower Emsian (Lower Devonian) sections from the Spanish Central Pyrenees has yielded a rich assemblage of conodont faunas, highlighting an important succession of Polygnathus species. Among them, the presence of the biostrati­graphical markers P. pireneae, P. kitabicus, P. excavatus excavatus and P. exc. 114 stands out. This conodont succession allows the identification of the Pragian/Emsian boundary and the early Emsian zones and subzones: the kitabicus Zone and the Lower and Middle excavatus subzones. It is also remarkable the presence of three new polygnathid species: P. aragonensis n. sp., P. carlsi n. sp. and P. ramoni n. sp. Additionally, P. pannonicus and P. sokolovi are also reported for first time in the Iberian Peninsula. According to all these records, the abundance and diversity of these species suggest that during this time interval an evolutionary radiation of the group took place, identifying two pulses during the early radiation of the group. The first one during the pireneae-kitabicus Zone, and a second one during the Lower excavatus Zone. The new data presented herein increase considerably the known paleobiodiversity of the genus dur­ing the Pragian-early Emsian interval in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and corroborates the presences of the most important early Emsian conodont markers used in other regions such us Europe, North Africa, Central Asia, Australia, and North America. ozonas Dc, E y F asociados al evento de enfriamiento global del Mioceno medio.El estudio en profundidad de seis secciones de edad Emsiense (Devónico Inferior) del Pirineo Central español ha proporcionado una rica asociación de conodontos, destacando una importante sucesión de especies del género Polygnathus. Entre ellos, resalta la presencia de los marcadores bioestratigráficos P. pireneae, P. kitabicus, P. excavatus excavatus y P. exc. 114. Esta sucesión de conodontos per­mite la identificación del límite Praguiense/Emsiense, así como de las principales zonas del Emsiense temprano: la Zona kitabicus y las subzonas excavatus Inferior y Media. También es destacable la presencia de tres nuevas especies de polygnátidos: P. aragonensis n. sp., P. carlsi n. sp. y P. ramoni n. sp.; junto con la primera referencia en la Península Ibérica de las especies P. pannonicus y P. sokolovi. De acuerdo con estos resultados, la abundancia y diversidad de estas especies sugiere que durante este intervalo temporal se produjo una radiación evolutiva del grupo, identificando dos momentos de la misma durante la evolución temprana del grupo. El primero durante el intervalo pireneae-kitabicus, y el segundo durante la Zona excavatus Inferior. Los nuevos datos presentados en este trabajo incrementan considerablemente la paleobiodiversidad conocida del género durante el Praguiense final y comienzos del Emsiense en el Pirineo Cen­tral español, y corrobora la presencia de los principales marcadores biostratigráficos del Emsiense inferior registrados en otras regiones como Europa, norte de África, Asia Central, Australia y América del Norte

Fingerprints of Inelastic Transport at the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3: Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling

We report on electric-field and temperature dependent transport measurements in exfoliated thin crystals of Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ topological insulator. At low temperatures ($< 50$ K) and when the chemical potential lies inside the bulk gap, the crystal resistivity is strongly temperature dependent, reflecting inelastic scattering due to the thermal activation of optical phonons. A linear increase of the current with voltage is obtained up to a threshold value at which current saturation takes place. We show that the activated behavior, the voltage threshold and the saturation current can all be quantitatively explained by considering a single optical phonon mode with energy $\hbar \Omega \approx 8$ meV. This phonon mode strongly interacts with the surface states of the material and represents the dominant source of scattering at the surface at high electric fields.Comment: Supplementary Material at: http://journals.aps.org/prl/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.086601/TIPhonon_SM.pd

Machine learning risk prediction of mortality for patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2: the COVIDSurg mortality score.

To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients

Selecting Negative Samples for PPI Prediction Using Hierarchical Clustering Methodology

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in cellular processes. In the present work, a new approach is proposed to construct a PPI predictor training a support vector machine model through a mutual information filter-wrapper parallel feature selection algorithm and an iterative and hierarchical clustering to select a relevance negative training set. By means of a selected suboptimum set of features, the constructed support vector machine model is able to classify PPIs with high accuracy in any positive and negative datasets

Hot-Carrier Seebeck Effect: Diffusion and Remote Detection of Hot Carriers in Graphene

We investigate hot carrier propagation across graphene using an electrical nonlocal injection/detection method. The device consists of a monolayer graphene flake contacted by multiple metal leads. Using two remote leads for electrical heating, we generate a carrier temperature gradient that results in a measurable thermoelectric voltage VNL across the remaining (detector) leads. Due to the nonlocal character of the measurement, VNL is exclusively due to the Seebeck effect. Remarkably, a departure from the ordinary relationship between Joule power P and VNL, VNL ~ P, becomes readily apparent at low temperatures, representing a fingerprint of hot-carrier dominated thermoelectricity. By studying VNL as a function of bias, we directly determine the carrier temperature and the characteristic cooling length for hot-carrier propagation, which are key parameters for a variety of new applications that rely on hot-carrier transport

Exponentially Modified QCD Coupling

We present a specific class of models for an infrared-finite analytic QCD coupling, such that at large space-like energy scales the coupling differs from the perturbative one by less than any inverse power of the energy scale. This condition is motivated by the ITEP Operator Product Expansion philosophy. Allowed by the ambiguity in the analytization of the perturbative coupling, the proposed class of couplings has three parameters. In the intermediate energy region, the proposed coupling has low loop-level and renormalization scheme dependence. The present modification of perturbative QCD must be considered as a phenomenological attempt, with the aim of enlarging the applicability range of the theory of the strong interactions at low energies.Comment: two references adde