Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL): Will it Sink or Will it Swim Amidst Recent COVID-19 Class Action Lawsuit and Stock Volatility?

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), the cruise industry has seen a sharp decline in demand, resulting in financial hardships. Throughout COVID-19, several cruise ships were stranded at sea, with confirmed COVID-19 cases on board. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) announced a “no sail order” as a means to suppress and control COVID-19. As a result, ideas commenced about a potential need to provide economic relief for the cruise line industry. However, many believe that the cruises are not an essential industry for which economic relief should be provided. For example, Alexander Holt of the National Review stated, “Should cruise lines be rescued, any remaining illusion that America remains a competitive capitalist economy will be broken. Not every company is worth saving, and especially not Carnival.” This raises the question: what should the cruise line industry do in order to prevent a financial demise? Hopefully, the answer does not entail an element of lying with regard to the severity of COVID-19. This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on April 19, 2020. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above

Some factors affecting birth weight of beef calves

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Human Dental Microwear From Ohalo II (22,500–23,500 cal BP), Southern Levant

Dietary hardness and abrasiveness are inferred from human dental microwear at Ohalo II, a late Upper Palaeolithic site (22,500–23,500 cal BP) in the southern Levant. Casts of molar grinding facets from two human skeletons were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The size and frequency of microwear was measured, counted, and compared to four prehistoric human groups from successive chronological periods in the same region: pre-pottery Neolithic A, Chalcolithic (this study); Natufian, pre-pottery Neolithic B (Mahoney: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 308–319). The Ohalo molars had a high frequency of long narrow scratches, and a few small pits, suggesting a tough abrasive diet that required more shearing rather than compressive force while chewing. These results imply that the diet of the two late Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers did not focus on very hard foods. Aquatic foods with adherent contaminants, as well as grit from plant grinding tools seemed likely causal agents. The size of the pits and scratches on the Ohalo molars were most similar to microwear from the pre-pot- tery Neolithic A period, though they also compared well to the Chalcolithic period. These results contrasted with the larger pits and scratches from the Natufian hunter-gath- erers and pre-pottery Neolithic B farmers, implying that there is no simple increase or decrease in dietary hard- ness and abrasiveness across the late Upper Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic development in the Southern Levant

Hominin reactions to herbivore distribution in the Lower Palaeolithic of the Southern Levant

We explore the relationship between the edaphic potential of soils and the mineral properties of the underlying geology as a means of mapping the differential productivity of different areas of the Pleistocene landscape for large herbivores. These factors strongly control the health of grazing animals irrespective of the particular types of vegetation growing on them, but they have generally been neglected in palaeoanthropological studies in favour of a more general emphasis on water and vegetation, which provide an incomplete picture. Taking the Carmel-Galilee-Golan region as an example, we show how an understanding of edaphic potential provides insight into how animals might have exploited the environment. In order to simplify the analysis, we concentrate on the Lower Palaeolithic period and the very large animals that dominate the archaeofaunal assemblages of this period. Topography and the ability of soils to retain water also contribute to the differential productivity and accessibility of different regions and to patterns of seasonal movements of the animals, which are essential to ensure a supply of healthy fodder throughout the year, especially for large animals such as elephants, which require substantial regions of good grazing and browsing. Other animals migrating in groups have similar needs. The complex topography of the Southern Levant with frequent sudden and severe changes in gradient, and a wide variety of landforms including rocky outcrops, cliffs, gorges, and ridges, places major limits on these patterns of seasonal movements. We develop methods of mapping these variables, based on the geology and our substantial field experience, in order to create a framework of landscape variation that can be compared with the locations and contents of archaeological sites to suggest ways in which early hominins used the variable features of the landscape to target animal prey, and we extend the analysis to the consideration of smaller mammals that were exploited more intensively after the disappearance of the elephants. We consider some of the ways in which this regional-scale approach can be further tested and refined, and advocate the development of such studies as an essential contribution to understanding the wider pattern of hominin dispersal

Persistent Place-Making in Prehistory: the Creation, Maintenance, and Transformation of an Epipalaeolithic Landscape

Most archaeological projects today integrate, at least to some degree, how past people engaged with their surroundings, including both how they strategized resource use, organized technological production, or scheduled movements within a physical environment, as well as how they constructed cosmologies around or created symbolic connections to places in the landscape. However, there are a multitude of ways in which archaeologists approach the creation, maintenance, and transformation of human-landscape interrelationships. This paper explores some of these approaches for reconstructing the Epipalaeolithic (ca. 23,000–11,500 years BP) landscape of Southwest Asia, using macro- and microscale geoarchaeological approaches to examine how everyday practices leave traces of human-landscape interactions in northern and eastern Jordan. The case studies presented here demonstrate that these Epipalaeolithic groups engaged in complex and far-reaching social landscapes. Examination of the Early and Middle Epipalaeolithic (EP) highlights that the notion of “Neolithization” is somewhat misleading as many of the features we use to define this transition were already well-established patterns of behavior by the Neolithic. Instead, these features and practices were enacted within a hunter-gatherer world and worldview

The Internet and Authoritarian Regimes

(Statement of Responsibility) by Eugene Tsatskin(Thesis) Thesis (B.A.) -- New College of Florida, 2007(Electronic Access) RESTRICTED TO NCF STUDENTS, STAFF, FACULTY, AND ON-CAMPUS USE(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.(Source of Description) This bibliographic record is available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The New College of Florida, as creator of this bibliographic record, has waived all rights to it worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.(Local) Faculty Sponsor: Alcock, Fran

Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL): Will it Sink or Will it Swim Amidst Recent COVID-19 Class Action Lawsuit and Stock Volatility?

During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), the cruise industry has seen a sharp decline in demand, resulting in financial hardships. Throughout COVID-19, several cruise ships were stranded at sea, with confirmed COVID-19 cases on board. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) announced a “no sail order” as a means to suppress and control COVID-19. As a result, ideas commenced about a potential need to provide economic relief for the cruise line industry. However, many believe that the cruises are not an essential industry for which economic relief should be provided. For example, Alexander Holt of the National Review stated, “Should cruise lines be rescued, any remaining illusion that America remains a competitive capitalist economy will be broken. Not every company is worth saving, and especially not Carnival.” This raises the question: what should the cruise line industry do in order to prevent a financial demise? Hopefully, the answer does not entail an element of lying with regard to the severity of COVID-19. This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on April 19, 2020. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above

The Jamal cave is not empty : recent discoveries in the Mount Carmel caves, Israel

Jamal Cave. Mount Carmel. contains scarce Lower and Middle Palaeolithic lithics. The geological evidence and the microfabric analyses suggest a complex mode of deposition together with long and intense post-depositional processes, mainly erosion and karstic collapse. Ground water fluctuations seem to have played a major role in the geological history of the cave. Any discussion of the function of the site and its palaeoenvironmental background should take into account the proximity to Tabun Cave. The two sites were probably parts of the same cultural complex which existed within a single hydrogeological system. Key-words : Mount Carmel, Jamal Cave. Lower and Middle Palaeolithic.La grotte de Jamal, dans le Mont Carmel, comprend peu de matériel lithique du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. L'élude géologique et les analyses micromorphologiques indiquent un mode de déposition complexe, ainsi que des processus post-dépositionnels intenses et de longue durée, essentiellement érosion et effondrement karstique. Les fluctuations du niveau édaphique semblent avoir joué un rôle majeur dans l'histoire géologique de la grotte. Toute discussion de la fonction du site et de son paléoenvironnement doit prendre en compte la proximité de la grotte de Tahoun. En effet, les deux sites faisaient probablement partie du même complexe culturel et dépendaient du même système hydrologique. Mots clés : Mont Carmel, Grotte Jamal, Paléolithique ancien et moven.Weinstein-Evron Mina, Tsatskin Alexander. The Jamal cave is not empty : recent discoveries in the Mount Carmel caves, Israel. In: Paléorient, 1994, vol. 20, n°2. pp. 119-128