Les nouveaux processus de territorialisation à travers les pratiques touristiques. Le cas des itinéraires touristiques

International audienceWith three examples of tourist routes, the European Route of Jewish Heritage (France and Spain), the Canal du Midi (France) and the Estrada Real (Brazil) at different levels of intervention, we want to question the territorialisation process, as well as emerging social demands. These three routes have been created both trough public and private initiatives for the establishment of network-territories. For the stakeholders of these territories, the aim is also to impulse socio-economic development, often through cooperation, collaboration and social participation as a form of governance. However, the gap between an intellectual conception and the concrete implementation of projects may create serious conflicts because of contradictory issues among the actors of the territory. As a consequence, such tourist routes are still in search of territorialisation.À travers trois exemples d’itinéraires touristiques, l’Itinéraire du Patrimoine Juif (France et Espagne), le Canal du Midi (France) et l’Estrada Real (Brésil), présentant des échelles d’intervention différentes, nous souhaitons interroger les processus de territorialisation qu’ils génèrent ainsi que les demandes sociales qui émergent. À l’origine de ces trois itinéraires, nous retrouvons à la fois des initiatives publiques et privées cherchant à constituer des territoires-réseau. Pour les acteurs du territoire, il s’agit aussi de permettre un développement socio-économique, souvent par le biais de la coopération, collaboration et participation sociale comme forme de gouvernance. Toutefois, de tels itinéraires se trouvent toujours en quête de territorialisation en fonction du décalage entre la conception intellectuelle et la concrétisation des projets, qui peut susciter des conflits en raison des enjeux contradictoires qui peuvent exister entre les acteurs du territoire

Gearing up for Catalan Intellectual History : JOCIH's Twist

This article can be read as an Editorial for the first issue of the Journal of Catalan Intellectual History (JOCIH) in its new stage at de Gruyter Open. It offers, first, a methodical review of the concept, roles, and trends of intellectual history in the 20th century. Next, it looks into the particular Catalan tradition, historiography, and cultural analysis to position the aim and the role of the Journal with regard to similar initiatives. It tries to give an answer to the crisis of intellectual history as a discipline, at the end of the past century. The third part of the article describes some of the available resources. The fourth section introduces the contents of the present issue, focussing on the construction of a collective identity and the literary engagement of Catalan writers between 1920 and 1980, either in their country or in exile. The Notes of the present issue highlight the importance of technology, natural language processing, and Semantic Web developments in carrying out contemporary research in this field

Vitrification during the Isothermal Cure of Thermosets: Comparison of Theoretical Simulations with Temperature-Modulated DSC and Dielectric Analysis

Vitrification during the isothermal cure of a thermoset, which is monitored by dynamic techniques such as temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) or dielectric analysis (DEA), is analyzed in terms of its dependence on frequency. A simulation was used to obtain the vitrification time as a function of frequency, considering it as the time when the (frequency-dependent) glass transition temperature, Tg, of the curing system reaches the cure temperature. Simulations were carried out at different cure temperatures. Other parameters, such as the exponents (reaction orders) in the Kamal equation, l in the DiBenedetto equation (controlling the dependence of Tg on the degree of cure), and the activation energy for the frequency dependence of Tg, were also considered. The results are compared with those obtained experimentally by a TMDSC technique at low frequencies and by DEA at high frequencies. From the simulations it is found that the vitrification time decreases nonlinearly with log(frequency) in the low frequency range but approaches a linear dependence at high frequencies, in agreement with experimental data.Peer ReviewedPostprin

Problemes lingüístics de la traducció automàtica entre l'anglès i el japonès

El japonès i l'anglès són dues llengües molt distanciades tipològicament, i això suposa un problema important per a la traducció automàtica. En aquest treball s'estudia la traducció del japonès a l'anglès mitjançant quatre sistemes (Google, Bing, SYSTRAN i Weblio) i considerant tres de les diferències principals entre els dos idiomes: l'ordre de constituents, la marca de temps de futur i la flexió de nombre. Amb l'avaluació automàtica dels resultats de les traduccions mitjançant les mètriques BLEU, NIST i METEOR s'intenta determinar en quina mesura la traducció del japonès a l'anglès per als problemes estudiats és fiable en els traductors seleccionats

Modelado con elementos finitos y actualización con ensayos modales experimentales de un cantón de catenaria rígida

La catenaria rígida, comúnmente instalada en metropolitanos subterráneos, presenta ciertas ventajas respecto a otros sistemas convencionales de alimentación eléctrica en el transporte ferroviario, como es la catenaria flexible. La catenaria rígida aún se encuentra en fases de desarrollo y mejora de su comportamiento. Con el fin de potenciar sus ventajas y mejorar su funcionamiento, los autores de este trabajo presentan el modelado con elementos finitos de un cantón de catenaria rígida instalado en la red de cercanías de Málaga y su actualización mediante ensayos modales experimentales. La actualización del semi-cantón de entrada en el modelo de elementos finitos presenta un error medio en frecuencia de 1.39 % y una similitud del 91% en las deformadas modales del modelo de elementos finitos respecto a los ensayos. Estos resultados muestran la validez del modelo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. ADIF con Proyecto CARIMA (Nº Contrato: 3.15/49570.003

Localization of fixed dipoles at high precision by accounting for sample drift during illumination

Single molecule localization microscopy relies on the precise quantification of the position of single dye emitters in a sample. This precision is improved by the number of photons that can be detected from each molecule. It is therefore recommendable to increase illumination times for the recording process. Particularly recording at cryogenic temperatures dramatically reduces photobleaching and thereby allows a massive increase in illumination times to several seconds. As a downside, microscope instabilities may well introduce jitter during such long illuminations, deteriorating the localization precision. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that a parallel recording of fiducial marker beads together with a novel fitting approach accounting for the full drift trajectory allows for largely eliminating drift effects for drift magnitudes of several hundred nanometers per frame.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Soporte de catenaria rígida del túnel Sol-Nuevos Ministerios: modelado con elementos finitos y actualización con ensayos modales experimentales

La catenaria rígida presenta ciertas ventajas respecto a otros sistemas más convencionales de alimentación eléctrica en el transporte ferroviario. La tendencia a incrementar las velocidades de funcionamiento, crean la necesidad de optimizar el sistema. En este trabajo, los autores presentan el modelado con elementos finitos del soporte de catenaria rígida instalado en el tramo Sol-Nuevos Ministerios y la actualización mediante ensayos modales experimentales. Este modelo permitirá obtener la rigidez que aporta el soporte al sistema de catenaria rígida. Tras la actualización, el modelo de elementos finitos presenta un error medio de 1.26 % en los modos de mayor influencia en la respuesta dinámica bajo las condiciones de trabajo del soporte. Además, las deformadas modales del modelo de elementos finitos actualizado presentan una similitud media del 91.3 % respecto a ensayos. Los resultados indican la validez del modelo.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Alzheimer´s Disease-associated Aβ42 Peptide: Expression and Purification for NMR Structural Studies

Background: The aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in the brain is strongly associated with Alzheimer´s disease (AD). However, the heterogeneous and transient nature of this process has prevented identification of the exact molecular form of Aβ responsible for the neurotoxicity observed in this disease. Therefore, characterizing Aβ aggregation is of utmost importance in the field of AD. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a technique that holds great potential to achieve this goal. However, it requires the use of specific labels introduced through recombinant expression of Aβ. Objective: In this paper, we report on a straightforward expression and purification protocol to obtain [U-15N] and [U-2H,13C,15N] Aβ42. Method: Aβ42 is expressed fused to Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) protein, which prevents Aβ42 aggregation. Results: The solubilizing capacity of SUMO has allowed us to design a purification protocol involving immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), a desalting step, and two size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purifications. Conclusion: This approach, which does not require the use of costly and time-consuming reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), offers a much straightforward strategy to those previously described to obtain [U-15N] Aβ42 and it is the first protocol through which to achieve [U-2H,13C,15N] Aβ42. The peptides obtained are of high purity and have the required isotope enrichment to support NMR-based structural studies

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces apoptosis in the trout ovary

BACKGROUND: In mammals it is well known that infections can lead to alterations in reproductive function. As part of the innate immune response, a number of cytokines and other immune factors is produced during bacterial infection or after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and acts on the reproductive system. In fish, LPS can also induce an innate immune response but little is known about the activation of the immune system by LPS on reproduction in fish. Therefore, we conducted studies to examine the in vivo and in vitro effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the reproductive function of sexually mature female trout. METHODS: In saline- and LPS -injected brook trout, we measured the concentration of plasma steroids as well as the in vitro steroidogenic response (testosterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone) of ovarian follicles to luteinizing hormone (LH), the ability of 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in vitro, and that of epinephrine to stimulate follicular contraction in vitro. We also examined the direct effects of LPS in vitro on steroid production, GVBD and contraction in brook trout ovarian follicles. The incidence of apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL analysis. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression pattern in the ovary of saline- and LPS-injected rainbow trout by microarray analysis. RESULTS: LPS treatment in vivo did not affect plasma testosterone concentration or the basal in vitro production of steroids, although a small but significant potentiation of the effects of LH on testosterone production in vitro was observed in ovarian follicles from LPS-treated fish. In addition, LPS increased the plasma concentration of cortisol. LPS treatment in vitro did not affect the basal or LH-stimulated steroid production in brook trout ovarian follicles. In addition, we did not observe any effects of LPS in vivo or in vitro on GVBD or follicular contraction. Therefore, LPS did not appear to impair ovarian steroid production, oocyte final maturation or follicular contraction under the present experimental conditions. Interestingly, LPS administration in vivo induced apoptosis in follicular cells, an observation that correlated with changes in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, as evidenced by microarray analysis. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that female trout are particularly resistant to an acute administration of LPS in terms of ovarian hormone responsiveness. However, LPS caused a marked increase in apoptosis in follicular cells, suggesting that the trout ovary could be sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines