Histomorphological changes of surri mouse thyroid gland following long term administration of morphine

. زمینه و هدف: گزارشات ضد و نقیضی در مورد اثرات مرفین بر غده تیروئید وجود دارد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر استفاده طولانی مدت مرفین بر وزن بدن، وزن غده تیروئید و تغییرات هیستومورفولوژیک غده تیروئید موش سوری در مراحل مختلف رشد طراحی و اجرا شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 150 سر موش سوری ماده نژاد Balb/c با سن دو هفته، به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه مساوی و در مرحله بعد موش ها در هر گروه به چهار زیر گروه تقسیم شدند. زیر گروه اول (زیر گروه شاهد 5 =n) فقط آب، زیر گروه دوم (زیر گروه شم 5=n) آب و mg/ml5 شکر، زیر گروه سوم (زیر گروه تجربی یک 20 =n) mg/ml04/0 مرفین و mg/ml5 شکر و زیر گروه چهارم (زیر گروه تجربی دو 20 =n) mg/ml 4/0 مرفین و mg/ml5 شکر به صورت خوراکی دریافت کردند. گروه اول و دوم 21 روز و گروه سوم 63 روز مرفین مصرف کردند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey در نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: مصرف مزمن مرفین در هر دو غلظت باعث کاهش چشمگیر وزن بدن موش ها در زیر گروه های دوم و سوم و همچنین وزن تیروئید در زیر گروه های اول و دوم شد (05/0>P). مطالعات هیستومرفولوژیک آشکار کرد که مصرف مزمن مرفین باعث افزایش اندازه و شکل سلول های فولیکولی در تیروئید شده است؛ افزون بر این شکل فولیکول های غده در زیر گروه های تجربی تغییر کرده و حاوی مقادیر کمی کلوئید در مقایسه با زیر گروه های شم و شاهد شده است. نتیجه گیری: مصرف مزمن مرفین می تواند علاوه بر وزن بدن و وزن تیروئید، ساختمان و فعالیت تیروئید را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار دهد

A macro-and microscopic local effect of silver nanoparticles on skin wound healing and some biochemical parameters of blood in mice

زمینه و هدف: در حال حاضر نقره و ترکیبات آن به عنوان یک راه حل مناسب برای درمان عفونت در سوختگی ها، زخم های باز و زخم های مزمن به کار برده می شوند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر موضعی نانوذرات نقره بر روی پارامترهای بیوشیمایی خون و بافت کلیه در هنگام ترمیم زخم در موش سفید آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 50 سر موش بالب سی (Balb/c) ماده در حدود 4 هفته (با وزن 3±2/24 گرم) در دو گروه 25 تایی (تیمار و کنترل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پس از ایجاد زخم یکسان در همه حیوانات سطح زخم گروه تیمار با µl 50 محلول ppm 10 و برای گروه کنترل با همان مقدار آب مقطر تیمار شد. در روزهای دوم، هفتم، چهاردهم و بیست و یکم نمونه گیری بافت از زخم پوست و نمونه گیری از خون انجام شد و مساحت زخم برای هر دو گروه در روزهای متوالی اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: درصد بهبود زخم در گروه تیمار نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود. به طوری که در گروه تیمار بهبود نهایی در زمان 82/0±14روز و در گروه کنترل بهبودی نهایی در زمان 03/1±75/20 روز خاتمه یافت (05/0>P). متوسط پتاسیم و نیتروژن اوره خون در بین گروه ها تفاوت معنی داری نشان داد (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که محلول ppm 10 نانوذرات نقره علاوه بر تسریع بهبود زخم، بر روی برخی پارامترهای خون به طور معنی داری اثرات منفی می گذارد؛ لذا علاوه بر اثرات سودمند خود دارای اثرات مضر نیز می باشد و باید در مصرف آن احتیاط لازم را مبذول نمود

Effects of dietary Thymus Vulgaris essential oil on the liver in mice

Introduction: Thymus vulgaris (thyme) is commonly used in folk medicine for several therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of peritoneal injection of essential oil of thymus vulgaris on the liver as an organ involved in metabolism. It also examines toxic effects following a high dose of the drug. Methods and Results: Twenty-four mice were divided randomly into three groups. Group 1 was the control group without treatment, group 2 has received a dose of thyme essential oil, 0.4 mg/kg intraperitonealy for 10 days and group 3 has received a dose of thyme essential oil, 0.6 mg/kg intraperitonealy for 10 days. A score of liver damage severity was semi-quantitatively assessed using the modified Histological Activity Index ‘(modified HAI). Statistical analysis was performed by using computer program SPSS (19). The results showed the statistically significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in the histopathological scoring in Group2 when compared with Group1. Conclusions: The histopathological examination of control group reveals normal hepatic tissue, no portal or periportal inflammation, necrosis, congestion, Infiltration of WBC and fibrosis. While there was a significant loss in hepatic architecture in Group 2 which showed portal inflammation with periportal interface hepatitis (piecemeal necrosis) centrilobular necrosis, congestion, infiltration of WBC and bridging necrosis. The results were revealed statistically significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in the histopathological scoring in Group3 when compared with Group2. The histopathological examination of thyme treated group (Gp3) showed significant toxic effects with moderate acute inflammation of mononuclear cells. It has been determined that Thymus vulgaris (thyme) leads to histological damage including portal inflammation with centrilobular necrosis. The histological alterations may occur through oxidative properties

Učinci demineralizirane pločice rasta kostiju telećeg ploda na cijeljenje kostiju u kunića kao pokusnom modelu.

The following study was designed to evaluate demineralized calf foetal growth plate (DCFGP) effects on bone healing process. A critical size defect (10 mm) was created in the radial diaphysis of 20 rabbits and then supplied with DCFGP (treatment group, n = 10) or the defect was left empty (control group, n = 10). Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on the 1st day and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post injury to evaluate bone formation, union and remodeling of the defect. The operated radiuses were removed on the 56th postoperative day and were evaluated for histopathological criteria. This study demonstrated that DCFGP, as a xenogenic biomaterial, could promote bone regeneration in critical size defects with a high regenerative capacity, and could be an attractive alternative for reconstruction of the major diaphyseal defects of the long bones in animal models.Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se procijene učinci demineralizirane pločice rasta kostiju telećeg ploda na proces cijeljenja kostiju. Kritični defekt (10 mm) učinjen je na dijafizi palčane kosti 20 kunića i tada nadomješten demineraliziranom pločicom rasta telećeg ploda (pokusna skupina n = 10) ili je defekt ostao nenadomješten (kontrolna skupina n = 10). Radiografske snimke svih prednjih nogu učinjene su 1. dana te 2., 4., 6., i 8. tjedna nakon operacije da bi se procijenila obnova kostiju, spajanje defekata i oblikovanje kostiju. Operirane palčane kosti bile su uzete 56. dana nakon operacije i procijenjene na osnovi histopatoloških kriterija. Istraživanje je pokazalo da demineralizirane pločice rasta kao ksenogeni biološki materijal mogu potaknuti regeneraciju kostiju u kritičnim defektima s visokom regenerativnom sposobnošću i mogu biti dobra zamjena za rekontrukciju većih dijafiznih defekata dugih kostiju na životinjskom modelu

Quinic acid through mitigation of oxidative stress in the hippocampus exerts analgesic effect in male mice

Background and aims: Pain is a human societies problems that has always had a lot of attention to control. However, some patients became resistance to analgesic effect of common analgesics. A main goal of the researches on the field of pain is to find effective medications with less side effects. In this regards, natural derivatives of medicinal plants are under considering of researchers. It has been determined that oxidative stress involved in the pathophysiology of pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the analgesic effect of quinic acid considering its possible antioxidative effects in male mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male mice were divided into 4 groups (N=10) received normal saline (1 ml/kg), dexamethasone (5 mg/ kg), quinic acid (QA) (10 mg/kg) and QA (50 mg/kg) for 7 constant days via intraperitoneal route. Then, the pain response was assessed using hot plate test. Finally, mice were euthanized and hippocampi dissected out. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite as well as antioxidant capacity were measure in the hippocampus.Results: The results showed that QA significantly increased the duration of delay in pain response to heat. Furthermore, QA significantly increased the antioxidant capacity as well as decreased the levels of MDA and nitrite in the hippocampus.Conclusion: we concluded that QA, partially at least, through mitigation of oxidative stress (increased the antioxidant capacity as well as decreased the levels of MDA and nitrite) exerts analgesic effect in the hot plate test in male mice

Sedation with Xylazine-Diazepam and Epidural Administration of Lidocaine and Xylazine for Castration and Ovariohysterectomy in Cats

The aim of this study was to determine whether anesthesia consisting of sedation induced by intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam and lumbosacral analgesia induced by epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine is satisfactory for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Six adult (3 male and 3 female, 2.5 ± 0.5 years of age) cats (mean body weight ± SD, 2.2 ± 0.44 kg) were used in this study. Cats were sedated with xylazine (1-2 mg kg-1 IM) and diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1, IM) and 5 minutes later a 2% solution of lidocaine (0.5ml/4.5kg) and xylazine (1 mg kg-1) were administered into the lumbosacral epidural space. Open castration technique or ventral midline routine ovariohysterectomy were performed. Time to onset, duration and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded at time 0 (prior to epidural drugs administration) as a base line values and at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the epidural administration. Onset time of analgesia was 4.0 ± 0.63 min (Mean ± SEM) and duration of analgesia was 89.5 ± 3.0 min (Mean ± SEM). However, surgical procedures were completed within 25-37 min. There were significant decrease in heart rate and rectal temperature values and significant increase in respiratory rate (P < 0.001). Intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam for sedation and epidural administration of lidocaine and xylazine for analgesia provided satisfactory analgesia for castration and ovariohysterectomy in cats. Utilizing epidural anesthetic technique with this combination is most useful for spaying surgery, especially when the surgical procedure can be completed in < 40 minutes

Histopathological effects of nanosilver (Ag-NPs) in liver after dermal exposure during wound healing

  Objective(s): With the advent of nanotechnology, significant progress has been made in the area of nanoscale materials such as nanosilver (Ag-Nps). These nanoparticles have a wide range of applications and been used for antimicrobial purposes for more than a century. However, little attention has been paid to the toxicity of nanosilver wound dressing. This study was designed to investigate the possible histopathological toxicity of Ag-NPs in liver of mice during wound healing.     Materials and Methods:   A group of 50 female BALB/c mice of about 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: Ag-NPs and control groups (n=25). After creating similar wound on the backs of all animals, the wound bed was treated in Ag-NPs group, with a volume of 50 microliters of the nanosilver solution (10ppm) ,and in control group, with the same amount of distilled water. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Histopathaological samplings of liver were conducted on days 2, 7 and 14 of the experiment.   Results: Histopathological studies demonstrated time-dependent changes in mice liver treated with Ag-NPs compared to control group. Some changes include dilation in central venous, hyperemia, cell swelling, increase of Kupffer and inflammatory cells. Conclusion: This study suggests that use of nanosilver for wound healing may cause a mild toxicity, as indicated by time-dependent toxic responses in liver tissue. However, this issue will have to be considered more extensively in further studies

Demineralized calf foetal growth plate effects on experimental bone healing in

rabbit mode