Validation of the Spanish version of the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: To translate and assess the psychometric properties of the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) for measuring patients' perceptions of how clinicians' performance fits the SDM process. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected in primary care health centres. Patients suffering from chronic diseases and facing a medical decision were included in the study. MEASUREMENTS: The original German SDM-Q-9 was translated to Spanish using the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-reported measures as the methodological model for Spanish translation. Reliability (internal consistency) and construct validity [exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)] were assessed. RESULTS: The final Spanish version of the SDM-Q-9 was tested in a primary care sample of 540 patients. The SDM-Q-9 presented adequate reliability and acceptable validity. Internal consistency yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.885 for the whole scale. EFA showed a two-factorial solution, and for the CFA, the best solution was obtained with a one-dimensional factor with the item 1 excluded, which produced the best indexes of fit. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the SDM-Q-9 showed adequate reliability and acceptable validity parameters among primary care patients. The SDM-Q-9 is suitable for use in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries with similarly organized health-care systems. The use of the SDM-Q-9 may contribute to the evaluation of SDM process from the patient's perspective

Technical Limitations for Designing Applications for Social Media

Social media content is used in various applications for businesses, organizations and citizens. However, there are technical limitations for analyzing content from social media; these include the way how data can be gained and which safety regulations as well as query limitations have to be considered. They are of specific importance when designing applications for time critical scenarios, such as crisis management. This paper analyzes these limitations (in June 2014) for the most important social media. The selection of social media is based on the Monthly Active Users (MAU), which counts unique users over 30 days. Besides the identification of various limitations, this paper outlines approaches to access the data and summarizes design considerations

Weight gain and dietary intake during pregnancy in industrialized countries - a systematic review of observational studies

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) above the recently recommended ranges is likely to be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore a challenge in industrialized countries. Aims: We conducted a systematic review on observational studies in order to gain more evidence on whether diets with lower caloric/protein content or other diets might be associated with lower GWG. Methods: We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE for observational studies written in English or German reporting associations between diet and GWG in singleton pregnancies of healthy women in industrialized countries. Results: We identified 12 studies which met the inclusion criteria. Five studies suggested significant positive associations between energy intake and GWG, whereas three found no significant association. Further significant positive associations of GWG were reported with respect to protein intake, animal lipids, energy density and a number of different food servings per day, whereas intake of carbohydrates and vegetarian diet were associated with less GWG. Conclusions: We suggest that GWG might be reduced by lower energy intake in pregnancy

Die Optimierung von Medienentscheidungen in der Unterrichtsplanung – eine Utopie?

Der Beitrag zielt auf eine mediendidaktische Interpretation der Optimierungsidee und diskutiert die Verknüpfung einer kognitionspsychologischen und informationstechnologischen Sichtweise. Ausgangspunkt ist das zentrale mediendidaktische Prinzip, das besagt, dass optimale Medienentscheidungen bei mediengestützten Lernangeboten in Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Planungsbereichen stehen sollten, zum Beispiel mit den Lernvoraussetzungen, -zielen oder -inhalten. Die Konsequenz dieses Interdependenzprinzips ist, wechselwirkende Medienentscheidungen mit den weiteren Planungsentscheidungen und -voraussetzungen bereits in der Unterrichtsplanung treffen zu müssen, die zu einem möglichst stimmigen Unterrichtsentwurf führen, dessen Qualität dann im Kreislauf von Planung, Durchführung und Analyse der Lernangebote stetig weiter zu entwickeln ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dieses mediendidaktische Prinzip aufgegriffen und zunächst aus der Perspektive der Cognitive Load-Theorie gefragt, ob das Optimum einer interdependenten Unterrichtsplanung die Planenden – massgeblich Planungsnovizinnen und -novizen – kognitiv überfordert und deshalb eine Utopie bleiben muss. Anschliessend wird eine technologiebasierte Lerngelegenheit – eine Planungssoftware – vorgestellt, die das kognitiv entlastende Erlernen interdependenter Planungsentscheidungen unterstützt und einen möglichen Weg aufzeigt, das Treffen interdependenter Planungsentscheidungen selbst für Planungsnovizinnen und -novizen realistisch werden zu lassen

Reduction of Birth Weight Among Infants Born to Adolescents: Maternal–Fetal Growth Competition

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72838/1/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48213.x.pd

SocialML: EUD im Maschine Learning zur Analyse sozialer Medien

Die Analyse sozialer Medien hat eine enorme Bedeutung für die verschiedensten Bereiche, wie beispielsweise die Lagebeurteilung, journalistische Recherchen oder unternehmerische Analysen. Dabei sind die entsprechenden Analysten unterschiedlichen Kontextfaktoren unterworfen. Sei es durch ihren organisationalen Hintergrund, durch tätigkeitsbezogene Rollen oder den geografischen und zeitlichen Rahmen. Um den ständig im Wandel begriffenen Kontexten gerecht zu werden, ergeben sich permanent neue Herausforderungen für die Anpassbarkeit der Analyse. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie ein auf Machine Learning (ML) basierendes Tool zur Social Media Analyse (SMA) im Sinne des End-User Development (EUD) auf verschiedenen Komplexitäts- und Schrittebenen umgesetzt werden kann

Predicting consequences of POP-induced disruption of blubber glucose uptake, mass gain rate and thyroid hormone levels for weaning mass in grey seal pups

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are endocrine disruptors that alter adipose tissue development, regulation and function. Top marine predators are particularly vulnerable because they possess large fat stores that accumulate POPs. However, links between endocrine or adipose tissue function disruption and whole animal energetics have rarely been investigated. We predicted the impact of alterations to blubber metabolic characteristics and circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on suckling mass gain and weaning mass in wild grey seal pups. Glucose uptake by inner blubber was a strong predictor of whole animal mass gain rate, which in turn, resulted in heavier weaning mass. Weaning mass was predicted to increase by 3.7 ± 1.59 (sem) %, through increased mass gain rate, in the absence of the previously reported suppressive effect of dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) on blubber glucose uptake. PBDEs were, conversely, associated with faster mass gain. Alleviation of this effect was predicted to reduce weaning mass by 6.02 ± 1.86% (sem). To better predict POPs effects on energy balance, it is crucial to determine if and how PBDEs promote mass gain in grey seal pups. Weaning mass was negatively related to total T3 (TT3) levels. A 20% (range = 9.3–31.7%) reduction in TT3 by DL-PCBs partially overcame the effect of DL-PCB -mediated reduction in blubber glucose uptake. Overall, DL-PCBs were thus predicted to reduce weaning mass by 1.86 ± 1.60%. Organohalogen impacts on whole-animal energy balance in grey seal pups appear to partially offset each other through opposing effects on different mechanisms. POP effects were generally minor, but the largest POP-induced reductions in weaning mass were predicted to occur in pups that were already small. Since weaning mass is positively related to first-year survival, POPs may disproportionately affect smaller individuals, and could continue to have population-level impacts even when levels are relatively low compared to historical values. Our findings show how in vitro experiments combined with measurements in vivo can help elucidate mechanisms that underpin energy balance regulation and help to quantify the magnitude of disruptive effects by contaminants and other stressors in wildlife

A Spatially Resolved Inner Hole in the Disk around GM Aurigae

We present 0.3 arcsec resolution observations of the disk around GM Aurigae with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at a wavelength of 860 um and with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. These observations probe the distribution of disk material on spatial scales commensurate with the size of the inner hole predicted by models of the spectral energy distribution. The data clearly indicate a sharp decrease in millimeter optical depth at the disk center, consistent with a deficit of material at distances less than ~20 AU from the star. We refine the accretion disk model of Calvet et al. (2005) based on the unresolved spectral energy distribution (SED) and demonstrate that it reproduces well the spatially resolved millimeter continuum data at both available wavelengths. We also present complementary SMA observations of CO J=3-2 and J=2-1 emission from the disk at 2" resolution. The observed CO morphology is consistent with the continuum model prediction, with two significant deviations: (1) the emission displays a larger CO J=3-2/J=2-1 line ratio than predicted, which may indicate additional heating of gas in the upper disk layers; and (2) the position angle of the kinematic rotation pattern differs by 11 +/- 2 degrees from that measured at smaller scales from the dust continuum, which may indicate the presence of a warp. We note that photoevaporation, grain growth, and binarity are unlikely mechanisms for inducing the observed sharp decrease in opacity or surface density at the disk center. The inner hole plausibly results from the dynamical influence of a planet on the disk material. Warping induced by a planet could also potentially explain the difference in position angle between the continuum and CO data sets.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Wie kann die professionelle Reflexion von angehenden Lehrer*innen digital gefördert werden? Chancen und Grenzen neuer Tools in der Lehrer*innenbildung

Die Reflexion, verstanden als das Nachdenken über die eigenen Kompetenzen, ist ein bedeutsames Mittel der professionellen (Weiter‑)Entwicklung von Lehrer*innen. Wirksamkeit verspricht dieses Mittel allerdings erst dann, wenn spezifische Anlässe zur gezielten Auseinandersetzung mit bestimmten Kompetenzen geschaffen werden – eine Anforderung, die ausdrücklich an die Lehrer*innenbildung gerichtet ist. Um beispielhaft zu veranschaulichen, wie die Lehrer*innenbildung dieser Anforderung entsprechen kann, werden in diesem Beitrag drei Möglichkeiten zur digital gestützten Förderung von Reflexion vorgestellt: Mit zwei elektronischen Portfolios und einem Unterrichtsplanungsplug-in wurden Anlässe zum Zweck der Kompetenzentwicklung geschaffen, um über die Anwendung theoretischen Wissens in der beruflichen Praxis, Klassenführungskompetenzen und die Fähigkeit zu reflektieren, begründete Unterrichtsplanungsentscheidungen zu treffen. (DIPF/Orig.