Descripción de los resultados en salud y los resultados académicos de los y las adolescentes y su relación con el programa Escuelas Promotoras de Salud en Aragón

Introducción. Aunque se conoce el gran impacto que la escuela tiene sobre los y las estudiantes, la evidencia sobre el efecto de programas de promoción de la salud en la escuela, tales como las Escuelas Promotoras de Salud, es limitada. Un buen nivel de habilidades para la vida favorece en los adolescentes los comportamientos saludables, además, un estilo de vida físicamente activo y una dieta equilibrada mejora los resultados en salud. Esto es especialmente importante durante la adolescencia, ya que es un período de cambio donde las decisiones tomadas por las personas en lo referente a su salud, pueden tener efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo.Objetivo: Este trabajo pretendió describir las habilidades para la vida y los hábitos diarios, analizar la relación entre estas variables con el rendimiento académico y por último comparar los resultados obtenidos entre estudiantes matriculados en centros educativos acreditados como EPS y aquellos matriculados en centros no acreditados como EPS.Metodología: Mediante un diseño descriptivo y transversal, se estudiaron a los y las adolescentes aragoneses que cursaban 1º y 2º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria durante el curso académico 2018-2019, en alguno de los 43 centros educativos seleccionados aleatoriamente. Para ello se utilizó una herramienta adaptada y validada procedente de diversas escalas validadas y estudios previos, con la que se recogieron datos sobre características sociodemográficas, habilidades para la vida (incluyendo autoeficacia, habilidades sociales y balance afectivo), hábitos diarios (incluyendo alimentación, sueño, ejercicio físico, uso de pantallas y consumo de tóxicos) y rendimiento académico. El protocolo del estudio obtuvo la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón y el aval de las direcciones de Salud Pública y de Innovación.Resultados: Con la ayuda de una nueva herramienta validada, se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las habilidades para la vida y el rendimiento académico y también entre los hábitos diarios y los resultados académicos. Se encontraron mejores resultados en salud, tanto en habilidades para la vida como en hábitos diarios en los y las estudiantes de centros no acreditados como EPS, tales como mayor nivel de autoeficacia, mayor consumo de alimentos saludables, mayor nivel de actividad física y menor uso abusivo de pantallas en tiempo de ocio.Conclusiones: Las políticas educativas deben apostar por la inclusión de contenidos que, de manera transversal, ayuden a potenciar y mejorar tanto habilidades psicosociales como estilos de vida saludables para mejorar lasalud y el rendimiento de los y las estudiantes. Por otra parte, es necesario realizar evaluaciones periódicas y sistemáticas de todas las actividades que se implementen en los centros, en especial de los programas de promoción de la salud.<br /

Proposal of new Natura 2000 network boundaries in Spain based on the value of importance for biodiversity and connectivity analysis for its improvement

The aim of the Natura 2000 Network is to ensure the conservation of habitats and species in their natural areas of distribution. Connectivity is an essential part of this conservation. For this purpose, a value map of importance for biodiversity (V.I.B) was generated proposing 4 levels of protection and overlapped with the Natura 2000 network. New boundaries for the zoning are proposed adding 1.600.000 ha. Two connectivity indices (MSPA and PC) are calculated in the 4 different scenarios. With these indices it is possible to know the number of existing nuclei and connectors in each of the scenarios. New boundaries cover more areas of interest for biodiversity as well as zones of great importance in relation to connectivity. We propose a uniform method that can be extrapolated to any European territor

Evaluating European Conservation Areas and Proposal of New Zones of Conservation under the Habitats Directive. Application to Spanish Territories

The European Union (EU) ensures the conservation of biodiversity through the Natura 2000 Network, which establishes the classification and selection of protected areas at European level. Unfortunately, member countries cannot make the best zoning decisions for biodiversity conservation because there are no clear and uniform parameters to designate Natura 2000 sites. Due to this, it is convenient to evaluate the importance of the criteria for biodiversity conservation through a general assessment, which could establish relevant criteria that can be analysed through geostatistical methods combined in multicriteria analysis. This paper aims to consider biodiversity importance values taking into account land use, so that it is possible to develop a zoning proposal which verifies or corrects the suitability of the designated areas for the Natura 2000 Network in Castilla y León, Andalucía and Madrid (Spain). The choice of these regions allows us to compare areas with a high variability of population density, making possible to compare the potential protected areas with respect to the population living in each area. This assessment has been performed using basic and easily adaptable criteria of biodiversity conservation, so it could be applied in other European territories. In this way, clear and uniform parameters for zoning will be used, being possible to detect the best protected areas. One of the most important purposes of the Natura 2000 Network is to increase connectivity between territories; our work proposes new areas that could be linked to currently protected territories, to favour the achievement of this purpose of the Natura 2000 Network

Association between Life Skills and Academic Performance in Adolescents in the Autonomous Community of Aragon (Spain)

Background: Learning and socio-emotional development is promoted through the creation and nurturing of an optimal school climate. This study aims to analyze the relationship between life skills and academic performance in a large sample of adolescents from the autonomous community of Aragón (Spain). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the life skills and academic performance of a sample of 7th and 8th grade middle school students during the academic year 2018–2019. A sample of 43 middle schools were randomly selected; the final sample comprised 1745 students. The following data were collected through an anonymized, previously validated questionnaire: sociodemographic variables, social skills, self-efficacy, affective balance, and academic performance. Results: We found a statistically significant association between life skills and academic performance (p < 0.001) in our sample. We also observed significant gender differences in life skills, with boys obtaining higher scores in cognitive skills and affective balance, and with girls achieving higher scores in social skills. Conclusion: We argue that life skills should be integrated into educational policies in order to improve the academic performance and health outcomes of students

Asociación entre hábitos de la vida diaria y rendimiento académico en una Escuela Promotora de Salud de Aragón

Objetivo: el rendimiento académico está asociado con múltiples factores, como una dieta equilibrada y saludable, ejercicio físico regular y un patrón de sueño adecuado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la asociación entre comportamientos de salud y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de secundaria en una escuela promotora de salud acreditada en Aragón. Método: se diseñó un estudio exploratorio, transversal, con una población de 134 estudiantes matriculados en una escuela promotora de la salud. Se recogió información sobre las características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y expedientes académicos de los estudiantes a través de un cuestionario previamente validado. El protocolo de estudio fue revisado y aprobado por un comité de ética en investigación local y avalado por la Dirección General de Salud Pública y la Dirección de Innovación, Equidad y Participación del Gobierno de Aragón. Resultados: más de un tercio de los participantes consumieron fruta al menos una vez al día; casi la mitad de ellos hacían ejercicio varias veces a la semana; la mayoría dormía entre 7 y 9 horas diarias y casi todos los participantes negaron haber consumido tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias tóxicas. La nota media global fue de 6,39 sobre 10 con una DS de 1,26. Conclusión: los presentes resultados sugieren que las medidas y actividades implementadas por esta escuela promotora de salud acreditada tienen un impacto positivo en el estilo de vida de los estudiantes

Mussel-inspired hydrophobic coatings for water-repellent textiles and oil removal

A series of catechol derivatives with a different number of linear alkyl chain substituents, and different length, have been shown to polymerize in the presence of aqueous ammonia and air, yielding hydrophobic coatings that present the ability to provide robust and efficient water repellency on weaved textiles, including hydrophilic cotton. The polymerization strategy presented exemplifies an alternative route to established melanin- and polydopamine-like functional coatings, affording designs in which all catechol (adhesive) moieties support specific functional side chains for maximization of the desired (hydrophobic) functionality. The coatings obtained proved effective in the transformation of polyester and cotton weaves, as well as filter paper, into reusable water-repellent, oil-absorbent materials capable of retaining roughly double their weight in model compounds (n-tetradecane and olive oil), as well as of separating water/oil mixtures by simple filtration

Serum Phospholipids Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk by Pathological Subtype

This study evaluates whether serum phospholipids fatty acids (PL-FAs) and markers of their endogenous metabolism are associated with breast cancer (BC) subtypes. EpiGEICAM is a Spanish multicenter matched case-control study. A lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire was completed by 1017 BC cases and healthy women pairs. Serum PL-FA percentages were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Conditional and multinomial logistic regression models were used to quantify the association of PL-FA tertiles with BC risk, overall and by pathological subtype (luminal, HER2+ and triple negative). Stratified analyses by body mass index and menopausal status were also performed. Serum PL-FAs were measured in 795 (78%) pairs. Women with high serum levels of stearic acid (odds ratio (OR)T3vsT1 = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.66), linoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49-0.90) and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio (OR T3vsT1 = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.48-0.84) presented lower BC risk. Participants with high concentrations of palmitoleic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.20-2.26), trans-ruminant palmitelaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.12-2.02), trans-industrial elaidic acid (ORT3vsT1 = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.14-2.03), and high oleic to stearic acid ratio (ORT3vsT1 = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.45-2.87) showed higher risk. These associations were similar in all BC pathological subtypes. Our results emphasize the importance of analyzing fatty acids individually, as well as the desaturase activity indices

Mammographic density and breast cancer in women from high risk families

Introduction: Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest determinants of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this study, we compared MD in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers from BRCA1/2 mutation-positive families and investigated the association between MD and BC among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers per type of mutation and tumor subtype. Methods: The study was carried out in 1039 female members of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-positive families followed at 16 Spanish Genetic Counseling Units. Participants' density was scored retrospectively from available mammograms by a single blinded radiologist using a 5-category scale (75 %). In BC cases, we selected mammograms taken prior to diagnosis or from the contralateral breast, whereas, in non-cases, the last screening mammogram was evaluated. MD distribution in carriers and non-carriers was compared using ordinal logistic models, and the association between MD and BC in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was studied using logistic regression. Huber-White robust estimators of variance were used to take into account correlations between family members. A similar multinomial model was used to explore this association by BC subtype. Results: We identified and scored mammograms from 341 BRCA1, 350 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 229 non-carriers. Compared to non-carriers, MD was significantly lower among BRCA2 mutation carriers (odds ratio (OR) =0.71; P-value=0.04), but not among BRCA1 carriers (OR=0.84; P-value=0.33). MD was associated with subsequent development BC (OR per category of MD=1.45; 95 % confidence interval=1.18-1.78, P-value<0.001), with no significant differences between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-value=0.48). Finally, no statistically significant differences were observed in the association of MD with specific BC subtypes. Conclusions: Our study, the largest to date on this issue, confirms that MD is an independent risk factor for all BC subtypes in either BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and should be considered a phenotype risk marker in this context

Introducción a la Odontología: Manual de prácticas

Este manual no es el resultado de «elaborar y conjuntar desde cero» diferentes textos de lectura, dibujos y esquemas sobre las actividades prácticas de la asignatura de Introducción a la Odontología (IO). Sí es - aprovechando todo lo mucho existente anteriormente sobre las prácticas de la asignatura – una actualización de los textos, una reconversión de estos, una adecuación de los esquemas, dibujos y fotografías, y un darle uniformidad en su estructura, y una distribución parcialmente diferente de cada actividad. Todo se ha realizado con la finalidad de dotarle de una organización de Libro-Manual que facilite la consulta, estudio y aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes de Introducción a la Odontología, y un seguimiento de las prácticas para los profesores