Investing in Creativity: A Study of the Support Structure for U.S. Artists

Documents and analyzes the environment of support for individual artists. Provides a framework for analysis of various dimensions of the support structure, nationally and in specific sites across the U.S. Includes support programs and policy initiatives

Estudio de métodos de selección de conceptos

Ponencia presentada en el XI Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Proyectos celebrado en Lugo en el año 2007Best product concept selection is of prime importance to direct the marketing launching process. This selection is one of the most difficult and critical decisions for the designer, and an inappropriate concept selection can rarely be compensated on a later stage of the process, increasing the cost of redesign at the same time. Nowadays, there are several concept selection and evaluation methods that allow to reduce the failure risk. The objective of this communication is to carry an analysis of those different methods to evaluate and select concepts, with the aim of reinforcing the methodology developed by the authors on 2006.La elección del mejor concepto de producto es vital para encaminar el proceso de lanzamiento del mismo al mercado. Dicha elección es una de las cuestiones más críticas y difíciles que tiene que tomar el diseñador. Una elección inadecuada de concepto raramente puede ser compensada en posteriores fases del proceso incrementando a su vez el coste de rediseño. En la actualidad existen diferentes métodos de selección y evaluación de concepto que permiten reducir el riesgo de fracaso del proceso. El objetivo de esta comunicación es realizar un estudio de los diferentes métodos que existen en la actualidad para la evaluar y seleccionar conceptos de producto, con el fin de reforzar el método desarrollado por los autores en el año 2006

Acute myocardial infarction with occlusion of all three main epicardial coronary arteries: When Mother Nature takes care more than physicians

Double-arterial coronary stent thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an infrequent but severe complication, especially when the third main coronary artery is chronically occluded. The conus artery (CA) can serve as a major source of collateral when the left anterior descendent coronary artery (LAD) becomes obstructed. We report a case of a 48-year-old man presenting with AMI due to a very late double-arterial stent thrombosis (ST) following drug-eluting stent implantation and a chronic occlusion of LAD collateralized by a large anomalous CA, which provided for the entire vascularization of the coronary tree. © 2010 Springer

TOP2A and EZH2 Provide Early Detection of an Aggressive Prostate Cancer Subgroup.

Purpose: Current clinical parameters do not stratify indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Aggressive prostate cancer, defined by the progression from localized disease to metastasis, is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer–associated mortality. Recent gene expression profiling has proven successful in predicting the outcome of prostate cancer patients; however, they have yet to provide targeted therapy approaches that could inhibit a patient\u27s progression to metastatic disease. Experimental Design: We have interrogated a total of seven primary prostate cancer cohorts (n = 1,900), two metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer datasets (n = 293), and one prospective cohort (n = 1,385) to assess the impact of TOP2A and EZH2 expression on prostate cancer cellular program and patient outcomes. We also performed IHC staining for TOP2A and EZH2 in a cohort of primary prostate cancer patients (n = 89) with known outcome. Finally, we explored the therapeutic potential of a combination therapy targeting both TOP2A and EZH2 using novel prostate cancer–derived murine cell lines. Results: We demonstrate by genome-wide analysis of independent primary and metastatic prostate cancer datasets that concurrent TOP2A and EZH2 mRNA and protein upregulation selected for a subgroup of primary and metastatic patients with more aggressive disease and notable overlap of genes involved in mitotic regulation. Importantly, TOP2A and EZH2 in prostate cancer cells act as key driving oncogenes, a fact highlighted by sensitivity to combination-targeted therapy. Conclusions: Overall, our data support further assessment of TOP2A and EZH2 as biomarkers for early identification of patients with increased metastatic potential that may benefit from adjuvant or neoadjuvant targeted therapy approaches. ©2017 AACR

High-Throughput Synthesis of Pillared-Layered Magnesium Tetraphosphonate Coordination Polymers: Framework Interconversions and Proton Conductivity Studies

Novel pillared-layered framework materials were synthesized by high-throughput or microwave-assisted methodology that contain Mg2+ and the zwitterionic linker HDTMP (hexamethylenediamine-N,N,N0,N0-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)). Three compounds were structurally characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. In the compound {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N (CH2PO3H2)2](H2O)}n(1), obtained at 140 ºC by hydrothermal or microwave-assisted reaction, the layers are built by isolated Mg2+ octahedra coordinated by oxygen atoms from six different zwitterionic HDTMP ligands. Each amino-bis(methylenephosphonate) moiety links three Mg2+ ions, bridging two of them through one phosphonate group and connecting the third polyhedron in a monodentate fashion. In Compound 2, {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N(CH2PO3H2)2]}n, hydrothermally synthesized at 180 C, the layers are composed of bidentate amino-bis(methylenephosphonate) moieties connected to three Mg2+ ions, with one of the phosphonate groups acting as a bridging ligand. Various subtle structural changes are noted for the other two compounds. Thermodiffraction of 1 reveals that a crystalline-to-crystalline phase transformation occurs concomitantly with its dehydration, leading to a new anhydrous phase, namely, {Mg[(HO3PCH2)2N(CH2)6N(CH2PO3H2)2]}n(1deh). This process is fully reversible upon equilibrating the solid at room temperature. The reported compounds can adsorb ammonia and CO2. Compound 1 exhibits a moderate proton conductivity, ~1.5 x 10-5 S·cm-1 at 80 ºC and 95% RH, that increases a half order of magnitude after experiencing a complete dehydration/rehydration process

Use of a Chagas Urine Nanoparticle Test (Chunap) to Correlate with Parasitemia Levels in T. cruzi/HIV Co-infected Patients

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of reactivated Chagas disease in HIV patients could be lifesaving. In Latin America, the diagnosis is made by microscopical detection of the T. cruzi parasite in the blood; a diagnostic test that lacks sensitivity. This study evaluates if levels of T. cruzi antigens in urine, determined by Chunap (Chagas urine nanoparticle test), are correlated with parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients.Methodology/Principal FindingsT. cruzi antigens in urine of HIV patients (N = 55: 31 T. cruzi infected and 24 T. cruzi serology negative) were concentrated using hydrogel particles and quantified by Western Blot and a calibration curve. Reactivation of Chagas disease was defined by the observation of parasites in blood by microscopy. Parasitemia levels in patients with serology positive for Chagas disease were classified as follows: High parasitemia or reactivation of Chagas disease (detectable parasitemia by microscopy), moderate parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy but detectable by qPCR), and negative parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy and qPCR). The percentage of positive results detected by Chunap was: 100% (7/7) in cases of reactivation, 91.7% (11/12) in cases of moderate parasitemia, and 41.7% (5/12) in cases of negative parasitemia. Chunap specificity was found to be 91.7%. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a direct relationship between parasitemia levels and urine T. cruzi antigen concentrations (p 105 pg was chosen to determine patients with reactivation of Chagas disease (7/7). Antigenuria levels were 36.08 times (95% CI: 7.28 to 64.88) higher in patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200/mL (p = 0.016). No significant differences were found in HIV loads and CD8+ lymphocyte counts.ConclusionChunap shows potential for early detection of Chagas reactivation. With appropriate adaptation, this diagnostic test can be used to monitor Chagas disease status in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients.Author SummaryReactivation of Chagas disease in people living with HIV is a serious clinical condition that is associated with high mortality. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving. Although there are not well accepted criteria to identify patients at risk of reactivation, parasitemia levels are usually considered as the best predictor. Microscopy is used in Latin America for detection of parasitemia levels. However, this has low sensitivity, which usually leads to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Quantitative PCR is used only for research proposes in endemic areas. Antigens in urine (antigenuria) are correlated with parasitemia levels in animal models, as well as in cases of congenital Chagas disease. We believe that antigenuria can also be used for prediction of parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. In this study, Chunap (Chagas urine nanoparticle test) was used for concentration and quantification of T. cruzi antigens in urine of T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. Values of more than 105 pg of T. cruzi antigens in urine were observed only in patients with reactivation of Chagas disease. This study shows that antigenuria levels are highly correlated to levels of parasitemia and can be used as a non-invasive technique for monitoring parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients

Características textiles de la fibra de alpacas Huacaya en comunidades altoandinas de la región Tacna, Perú

The study was carried out in two communities of the Tacna Region, Peru to determine textile characteristics of Huacaya alpaca fibre and its degree of association with sex, age and coat colour. Fibre samples from 817 and 683 alpacas from the Huaytire and Maure communities, respectively, were analysed with the OFDA 2000 equipment. The experimental design corresponded to a complete random block 2x5x2 with fixed effects. The alpaca fibre of the Huaytire community presented finer fibres (20.51±2.52 µm) and less dispersion (5.15±0.96 µm), with greater comfort (93.85±8.26%) and a higher curvature index (36.58±5.79 °/mm), as well as longer wick length (10.45±2.21 cm). The white fibres have greater fineness (20.79±2.62 µm), and less dispersion (5.18±0.95 µm) than the coloured ones, while the comfort factor, curvature index and wick length of the white fibres showed greater values. In relation to the age group, the young alpacas presented better textile characteristics than the adults, while only fineness showed significant differences (p<0.05) in favour of the male. The wick length showed no association with the other textile characteristics. In conclusion, the textile characteristics vary according to the community, sex, age and coat colour, where the best results were found in the Huaytire community, in males, in white fibres and in young animals.El estudio se llevó en dos comunidades de la Región Tacna, Perú, con el objetivo de determinar las características textiles de fibra de alpacas Huacaya y su grado de asociación con el sexo, edad y color de manto. Se analizaron las muestras de fibra de 817 y 683 alpacas de las comunidades de Huaytire y Maure, respectivamente, con el equipo OFDA 2000. El diseño experimental correspondió a un bloque completo al azar 2x5x2 de efectos fijos. Las fibras de las alpacas de la comunidad de Huaytire presentan fibras más finas (20.51±2.52 µm), con menor dispersión (5.15±0.96 µm), con mayor confort (93.85±8.26 %), y con mayor índice de curvatura (36.58±5.79 °/mm), así como mayor longitud de mecha (10.45±2.21 cm). Las fibras blancas tienen mayor finura (20.79±2.62 µm), y menor dispersión (5.18±0.95 µm) que los de color, en tanto que el factor de confort, índice de curvatura y longitud de mecha de las fibras blancas fueron mayores. Con relación al grupo etario, las alpacas jóvenes presentaron mejores características textiles que las adultas, en tanto solo la finura mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.05) a favor del macho. La longitud de mecha no mostró asociación con las otras características textiles. En conclusión, las características textiles varían de acuerdo con la comunidad, sexo, edad y color de manto, donde los mejores resultados se encontraron en la comunidad de Huaytire, en machos, en fibras blancas y en animales jóvenes

Characterization and Decomposition of the Natural van der Waals SnSb2Te4 under Compression

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Inorganic Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01086.[EN] High pressure X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and electrical measurements, together with theoretical calculations, which include the analysis of the topological electron density and electronic localization function, evidence the presence of an isostructural phase transition around 2 GPa, a Fermi resonance around 3.5 GPa, and a pressure-induced decomposition of SnSb2Te4 into the high-pressure phases of its parent binary compounds (alpha-Sb2Te3 and SnTe) above 7 GPa. The internal polyhedral compressibility, the behavior of the Raman-active modes, the electrical behavior, and the nature of its different bonds under compression have been discussed and compared with their parent binary compounds and with related ternary materials. In this context, the Raman spectrum of SnSb2Te4 exhibits vibrational modes that are associated but forbidden in rocksalt-type SnTe; thus showing a novel way to experimentally observe the forbidden vibrational modes of some compounds. Here, some of the bonds are identified with metavalent bonding, which were already observed in their parent binary compounds. The behavior of SnSb2Te4 is framed within the extended orbital radii map of BA(2)Te(4) compounds, so our results pave the way to understand the pressure behavior and stability ranges of other "natural van der Waals" compounds with similar stoichiometry.This work has been performed under financial support from the Spanish MINECO under Project MALTA-CONSOLIDER TEAM network (RED2018-102612-T) and Project FIS2017-83295-P, from Generalitat Valenciana under Project PROMETEO/2018/123. This publication is a product of the "Programa de Valoracion y Recursos Conjuntos de I+D+i VLC/CAMPUS and has been financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, as part of "Programa Campus de Excelencia Internacional". Supercomputer time has been provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion (RES) and the MALTA cluster. J.A.S. acknowledges a "Ramon y Cajal" fellowship (RYC-2015-17482) for financial support, and E.L.D.S. acknowledges Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 785789-COMEX from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. We also thank ALBA synchrotron and DIAMOND light source for funded experiments.Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.; Vilaplana Cerda, RI.; Da Silva, EL.; Popescu, C.; Cuenca-Gotor, VP.; Andrada-Chacón, A.; Sánchez-Benitez, J.... (2020). Characterization and Decomposition of the Natural van der Waals SnSb2Te4 under Compression. Inorganic Chemistry. 59(14):9900-9918. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01086S990099185914Mellnik, A. R., Lee, J. S., Richardella, A., Grab, J. L., Mintun, P. J., Fischer, M. H., … Ralph, D. C. (2014). Spin-transfer torque generated by a topological insulator. Nature, 511(7510), 449-451. doi:10.1038/nature13534Chen, Y. L., Analytis, J. G., Chu, J.-H., Liu, Z. K., Mo, S.-K., Qi, X. L., … Shen, Z.-X. (2009). 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BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. XX. Molecular Gas in Nearby Hard-X-Ray-selected AGN Galaxies

We present the host-galaxy molecular gas properties of a sample of 213 nearby (0.01 10.5) tend to have more molecular gas and higher gas fractions than inactive galaxies matched in stellar mass. When matched in star formation, we find AGN galaxies show no difference from inactive galaxies, with no evidence that AGN feedback affects the molecular gas. The higher molecular gas content is related to AGN galaxies hosting a population of gas-rich early types with an order of magnitude more molecular gas and a smaller fraction of quenched, passive galaxies (~5% versus 49%) compared to inactive galaxies. The likelihood of a given galaxy hosting an AGN (L_(bol) > 10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹ ) increases by ~10–100 between a molecular gas mass of 10^(8.7) M_⊙ and 10^(10.2) M_⊙. AGN galaxies with a higher Eddington ratio (log(L/L_(Edd)) > −1.3) tend to have higher molecular gas masses and gas fractions. The log(N_H/ cm⁻² ) > 23.4) of AGN galaxies with higher column densities are associated with lower depletion timescales and may prefer hosts with more gas centrally concentrated in the bulge that may be more prone to quenching than galaxy-wide molecular gas. The significant average link of host-galaxy molecular gas supply to supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth may naturally lead to the general correlations found between SMBHs and their host galaxies, such as the correlations between SMBH mass and bulge properties, and the redshift evolution of star formation and SMBH growth

CANDELS: The progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies at z~2

We combine high-resolution HST/WFC3 images with multi-wavelength photometry to track the evolution of structure and activity of massive (log(M*) > 10) galaxies at redshifts z = 1.4 - 3 in two fields of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We detect compact, star-forming galaxies (cSFGs) whose number densities, masses, sizes, and star formation rates qualify them as likely progenitors of compact, quiescent, massive galaxies (cQGs) at z = 1.5 - 3. At z > 2 most cSFGs have specific star-formation rates (sSFR = 10^-9 yr^-1) half that of typical, massive SFGs at the same epoch, and host X-ray luminous AGN 30 times (~30%) more frequently. These properties suggest that cSFGs are formed by gas-rich processes (mergers or disk-instabilities) that induce a compact starburst and feed an AGN, which, in turn, quench the star formation on dynamical timescales (few 10^8 yr). The cSFGs are continuously being formed at z = 2 - 3 and fade to cQGs by z = 1.5. After this epoch, cSFGs are rare, thereby truncating the formation of new cQGs. Meanwhile, down to z = 1, existing cQGs continue to enlarge to match local QGs in size, while less-gas-rich mergers and other secular mechanisms shepherd (larger) SFGs as later arrivals to the red sequence. In summary, we propose two evolutionary scenarios of QG formation: an early (z > 2), fast-formation path of rapidly-quenched cSFGs that evolve into cQGs that later enlarge within the quiescent phase, and a slow, late-arrival (z < 2) path for SFGs to form QGs without passing through a compact state.Comment: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters, 6 pages, 4 figure