Validación de un nuevo modelo bioquímico predictivo de la escaldadura superficial en peras cv. Packham´s Triumph

54 P.En Chile, la producción de pera (Pyrus communis L.) alcanzó las 8700 ha durante 2016. El principal cv es Packham´s Triumph, concentrando su superficie en la Región de O´Higgins. Las condiciones de almacenaje de las peras en nuestro país, permiten un período de 2 a 7 meses de guarda, es precisamente durante este período que el escaldado superficial aparece en cvs. susceptibles como Packham´s Triumph. Sin embargo, la susceptibilidad a escaldado superficial varia de una temporada a otra debido al microclima del huerto. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo validar el uso de un nuevo modelo bioquímico predictivo, mediante espectrofotometría, utiizando la evolución de α-farneseno, trienoles (CT) y antioxidantes (200 nm) en la piel. Para ello se realizaron muestreos luego de 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 y 210 días almacenamiento en frío (1 ° C, 95-98% HR). Se utilizó fruta proveniente de 4 huertos cosechados tempranamente (121-136 DDPF), comercialmente (128-133 DDPF) y tardíamente (135-140 DDPF). Se separó la fruta de cada huerto ybse aplicaron 3 tratamientos: T0 (testigo), T1 DPA (1500 ppm) y T2 1-MCP (326ppb 'SmartFresh'), cada uno con cuatro repeticiones de 25 frutos. Los niveles de antioxidantes en piel fueron significativamente más bajos en la fruta de cosecha tardía (-12%) en comparación con aquella de cosecha temprana. Fruta tratada con 1-MCP y DPA mantuvo un mayor contenido de antioxidantes en comparación con el control no tratado. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre los niveles de α-farneseno entre las fechas de cosecha (17-25 nmol / cm2 de cáscara). La tasa de acumulación de CTol durante los primeros 60 días de almacenamiento aumentó con el tiempo de cosecha, el CTol281 mostró la correlación más alta (R2> 0,61) entre los trienoles individuales evaluados. En las peras tratadas con DPA, sólo la tasa de CTol258 aumentó durante los primeros 60 días (R2 0,720 en promedio) con diferencias entre cosechas. El tratamiento con 1-MCP, presentó la menor concentración de Ctol, sin aumento con el almacenamiento.El modelo predictivo bioquímico solo fue capaz de relacionar postivamente la tasa de acumulación de Trienoles (TC258-TC281) en dos de los cuatro huertos evaluados (Prihuin 3 y Talcarehue), en estos huertos mayores tasas de acumulación indicaron mayor incidencia de escaldado superficial. Finalmente, con los resultados obtenidos se logró determinar para ambos huertos (Pirhuin 3 y Talcarehue), la tasa a la cual ocurre el daño por escaldado superficial, siendo 0,52 y 0,62 δtc/δt./ABSTRACT: tract n Chile, the pear production (Pyrus communis L.) reached 8700 ha during 2016. The main cv is Packham's Triumph, concentrated in the O'Higgins Region. The storage conditions of the pears in our country, allow a period of 2 to 7 months of storage, it is precisely during this period that the superficial blanching appears in cvs. susceptible as Packham's Triumph. However, the susceptibility to surface scalding varies from season to season due to the microclimate of the orchard. The objective of this work was to validate the use of a new predictive biochemical model, using spectrophotometry, using evolution of α-farnesene, trienols (CT) and antioxidants (200 nm) in the skin. To do this, samples were taken after 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 and 210 days of cold storage (1 ° C, 95-98% RH). Fruit from 4 orchards harvested early (121-136 DDPF), commercially (128-133 DDPF) and late (135-140 DDPF) was used. The fruit was separated from each orchard and 3 treatments were applied: T0 (control), T1 DPA (1500 ppm) and T2 1-MCP (326ppb 'SmartFresh'), each with four repetitions of 25 fruits. Antioxidant levels in skin were significantly lower in late harvest fruit (-12%) compared to that of early harvest. Fruit treated with 1-MCP and DPA maintained a higher antioxidant content compared to the untreated control. No statistical differences were observed between the α-farnesene levels between the harvest dates (17-25 nmol / cm2 of husk). The rate of accumulation of CTol during the first 60 days of storage increased with the time of harvest, the CTol281 showed the highest correlation (R2> 0.61) among the individual trienols evaluated. In pears treated with DPA, only the CTol258 rate increased during the first 60 days (R2 0.720 on average) with differences between harvests. Treatment with 1-MCP, presented the lowest concentration of Ctol, without increase with storage.t The biochemical predictive model was only able to relate the Trienols accumulation rate (TC258-TC281) in two of the four evaluated orchards (Prihuin 3 and Talcarehue), in these orchards higher accumulation rates indicated a higher incidence of superficial blanching. Finally, with the obtained results it was possible to determine for both orchards (Pirhuin 3 and Talcarehue), the rate at which the damage occurs by superficial blanching, being 0.52 and δtc /o

Effect of maize processing on amylose-lipid complex in pozole, a traditional Mexican dish

One of the most traditional foods in Mexico is pozole (a soup of maize grains with pork). Maize starch interacts with fatty acids during its preparation, generating amylose-lipid complexes. This study aimed to determine the effect of lard concentration on the formation of amylose-lipid complexes and their effect on the physicochemical properties of the starch after pozole preparation. Three maize varieties were nixtamalized and cooked, using 0, 6, 8, and 10 % lard. Grain physical parameters, viscosity, resistant starch, and detailed characterization of starch granules were analyzed. X-ray diffraction patterns showed structural damage in the crystalline starch structure. Two of the maize varieties showed an amylose-lipid endotherm with the addition of lard. The viscosity profile was affected by grain hardness and heat treatment, whereas lard addition decreased the viscosity of samples. The addition of higher percentages of lard (8 and 10%) favors the formation of amylose-lipid complexes, as shown in thermal properties and resistant starch

Saberes, Culturas y Derechos Sexuales en Colombia

Este libro reúne artículos de gran pertinencia académica en el tema, ponencias y discusiones que realizaron distintos grupos de trabajo en el marco del seminario Hacia una Agenda sobre Sexualidad y Derechos Humanos en Colombia, realizado en Bogotá durante los días 18, 19 y 20 de marzo de 2004. Este texto acerca a un público más amplio el debate que vienen desarrollando en Colombia investigadores, militantes, responsables y ejecutores de políticas públicas en materia de sexualidad y de derechos sexuales y reproductivos. La divulgación de los trabajos presentados en este libro permitirá a los lectores identificar las líneas de debate que orientan la investigación, las políticas públicas, los programas de intervención social y el derecho en este ámbito. El texto presenta hallazgos en torno a estos temas, con el objetivo de construir un referente común sobre la sexualidad como una construcción sociocultural e histórica objeto de una regulación pública. Igualmente, pretende inscribir la sexualidad en el ámbito de la construcción de ciudadanía y de la reivindicación de los derechos humanos

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Uso transformador de tecnologías digitales en educación superior: Casos de éxito en instituciones de la Red Universitaria para la Educación con Tecnología-RedUNete

This book presents the academic community with a collection of projects that were undertaken based on the framework of the University Network for Education with Technology, RedUnete. This is a collaborative effort in which higher education institutions from Colombia and Spain participated. The fundamental purpose is to promote the transformative use of digital technologies in higher education. We hope that this transformation will result in flexibility and the enrichment of academic processes within each teaching unit, program, and institution. The book includes two sections. The first section focuses on structural issues, which include the development of culture and digital competence among the members of each educational community, the alignment between graduates’ digital competences and the requirements of the sector in which they operate, and opportunities to rationalize institutional efforts when creating and using digital educational objects and resources. The second section focuses on substantive issues through learning about the educational, operational, and organizational experiences of higher education in virtual and blended learning modalities that use a transformative approach. Each of the documented experiences goes beyond just combining face-to-face and virtual activities since they all favor the use of technology-based student-centered pedagogical strategies. These practices promote students’ active participation in the construction, debate, and socialization of knowledge. Tea¬cher-facilitation is encouraged inside learning communities supported by digital technology. The book closes by inviting reflection on the challenges that higher education institutions face due to the global commitment to move forward with the United Nations 2030 Agenda, specifically because this relates to the fourth Sustainable Development Goal: quality education for all.Este libro deja a consideración de la comunidad académica una colección de trabajos hechos en el marco de la Red Universitaria para la Educación con Tecnología (RedUnete), colaborativo en el que participan instituciones de educación superior de Colombia y de España. El eje vertebrador del esfuerzo es el uso transformador de tecnologías digitales en educación superior, el cual se espera que redunde en flexibilización y enriquecimiento de procesos académicos a este nivel y en el interior de cada unidad docente, programa e institución y grupos de estas. El libro está organizado en dos secciones. La primera se centra en temas estructurales, por ejemplo, el desarrollo de cultura y competencia digital entre los miembros de cada comunidad educativa, la alineación entre las competencias digitales de los egresados con los requerimientos del sector donde se espera que se desempeñen, así como las oportunidades de racionalizar los esfuerzos institucionales cuando se participa en la creación y el aprovechamiento de objetos y recursos educativos digitales. La segunda sección se centra en temas sustantivos, y en esta se aprende sobre lo educativo, operativo y organizacional de experiencias de educación superior en las modalidades virtual y combinada con enfoque transformador. En todas las experiencias se va más allá de mezclar actividades presenciales y virtuales, toda vez que se propicia el uso de estrategias pedagógicas que favorecen la participación activa de los estudiantes en la construcción, el debate y la socialización de conocimientos, con facilitación de los docentes y en el interior de comunidades de aprendizaje apoyadas con tecnología digital. El libro cierra invitando a la reflexión acerca de los retos que tienen las instituciones de educación superior de cara al compromiso mundial para sacar adelante la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas, en particular lo que tiene que ver con el cuarto de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, relacionado con educación de calidad para todos