ASOCIATIVIDAD DE PRODUCTORES DE VAINILLA (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) COMO ESTRATEGIA PRODUCTIVA Y COMERCIAL

El mercado internacional de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) exige el cumplimiento estricto de reglamentaciones de calidad e inocuidad a fin de poder ingresar a mercados más rentables y competitivos; la alternativa de las organizaciones de productores es lograr consolidar la integración y una agroindustria capaz de garantizar el abasto de materia prima de sus socios, aumentar los rendimientos de sus plantaciones y calidad, así como, certificar el proceso de transformación para elaboración de subproductos. La

Three inquiries into the origin of Manchado de Jabugo pigs

Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104El origen de la población Manchado de Jabugo se atribuye a cruces realizados en el siglo XIX entre cerdos Ibéricos negros y colorados. Se supone que animales de razas Large White y Berkshire contribuyeron además a fundar esta población, que ha permanecido aislada durante décadas en algunos pueblos de la Sierra de Aracena. El objetivo de este trabajo fue rastrear posibles huellas genéticas de las variedades y razas fundadoras en la población actual, conservada por la Diputación de Huelva. El ADN mitocondrial de animales Manchado de Jabugo y Large White presenta secuencias coincidentes tanto para la región de control D-loop, como para los genes Cyt b, ATPasa8, ATPasa6 y NADH5. La mutación IGF2 g.3072G>A, ocurrida en un cromosoma asiático, se detecta en la población Manchado, y está presente asimismo en Large White y Berkshire. Ello concuerda con la posible contribución fundacional de ambas razas británicas, en las que se introdujeron genes de origen asiático a partir del siglo XVIII. Finalmente, esta población presenta cuatro alelos del gen MC1R. El alelo MC1R*3 es característico de la variedad negra de cerdo Ibérico y del Large White. Los alelos MC1R*6 y MC1R*7 de la variedad colorada, y el primero también del Berkshire. La presencia del alelo MC1R*4, característico de la raza Duroc indica una contribución más reciente de esta otra raza foránea al germoplasma del Manchado de Jabugo.Animals born at the end of the XIX century from crosses between Red and Black Iberian pigs were the main founders of the black spotted population named Manchado de Jabugo. Pigs of the Large White and Berkshire breeds had also contributed to the foundation of this population, which was isolated for several decades in some villages of Huelva. Our objective was to verify the possible genetic traces of founder varieties and breeds in this population, preserved by the Diputación de Huelva. The mitochondrial DNA from Manchado and Large White animals shows identical sequences for the control region D-loop, and also for the Cyt b ATPase8, ATPase6 and NADH5 genes. The IGF2 g.3072G>A mutation, apparently occurred in an Asian chromosome, is also present in the Manchado population. Both results agree with the quoted founder contribution of two British breeds, because Asian germplasm was introgressed into these breeds from the XVIII century. Finally, four alleles of the MC1R gene are segregating in this small population. The MC1R*3 allele is characteristic of Black Iberian variety and Large White breed. The MC1R*6 and MC1R*7 alleles are characteristic of Red Iberian pigs, and the first one of the Berkshire pigs. The unexpected presence of the MC1R*4 allele, characteristic of Duroc, indicates the contribution of this breed to the current Manchado germplasm

Heat treatments for improved quality binder jetted molds for casting aluminum alloys

The objective of this paper was to investigate the most suitable heat treatment for casting molds manufactured by binder jetting. For this purpose, the printed molds were subjected to different heat treatments and the properties of the molds were analyzed. Tests were performed at different temperatures and times to investigate their effect on the water and volatile substances content; the joining among particles; and the porosity, roughness, and compression strength of the printed molds. Moreover, to relate the properties of the mold with the quality of the castings, aluminum alloy specimens were cast and the dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, mechanical strength, and porosity were evaluated. This research leads to the conclusion that the binder jetting process, using calcium sulfate powder, is useful for manufacturing molds for casting aluminum alloy. To improve the mold quality and, consequently, the casting quality, heat-treatment is necessary. The best mold properties were obtained at 250 °C for 1.5 h.S

Automatic classification of pores in aluminum castings using machine learning

[Resumen] La inspección de la porosidad de piezas fabricadas se ha realizado tradicionalmente mediante el uso de microscopía manipulada por parte de un técnico humano. Sin embargo, la persona involucrada necesita experiencia en esta tarea, y la cantidad de piezas que se pueden inspeccionar por unidad de tiempo es limitada. La presencia de porosidad en el material es crítica, ya que puede afectar negativamente a las propiedades mecánicas y la calidad de la pieza. En este trabajo se propone automatizar la clasificación de los defectos de porosidad que aparecen en el interior de las piezas fabricadas por fundición. En primer lugar, adquirimos imágenes a partir de piezas de aluminio fabricadas por dos métodos de fundición: uno tradicional usando molde de arena y otro más moderno con la técnica de fabricación aditiva Binder Jetting (BJ). Luego, recortamos regiones con y sin poros, que posteriormente caracterizamos usando descriptores SIFT codificados en características de BoVW para alimentar y entrenar dos clasificadores SVM: uno para predecir si la imagen contiene poro o no, y el otro para indicar si el poro detectado es debido al efecto de gases o por contracción durante la solificación.[Abstract] Porosity inspection of manufactured parts has traditionally been performed using microscopy manipulated by a human technician. However, the person involved needs experience in this task, and the number of parts that can be inspected per unit of time is limited. The presence of porosity in the material is critical, as it can negatively affect the mechanical properties and the quality of the part. In this paper, we propose to automate the classification of the porosity defects that appear inside the parts manufactured by casting. First, we acquire images from aluminum parts manufactured by two casting methods: a traditional one using sand molding and a more modern one with the Binder Jetting (BJ) additive manufacturing technique. Then, we crop regions with and without pores we later describe using SIFT descriptors encoded into BoVW features to feed and train two SVM classifiers: one for predicting if the image contains a pore or not, and the other for also indicating if the pore detected is due to the effect of gases or by shrinkage during solidification.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; DPI2017-89840-

Evaluación de la eficacia de un programa integral de prevención secundaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular en atención primaria: estudio PREseAP

ObjetivosEvaluar la eficacia de un programa integral de prevención secundaria para reducir la morbimortalidad en los pacientes que han tenido una enfermedad cardiovascular, controlar los factores de riesgo y el cumplimiento de la medicación profiláctica para prevenir recurrencias y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular.DiseñoEnsayo clínico aleatorizado por clusters, abierto, pragmático, en atención primaria.EmplazamientoUn total de 42 centros de salud de 8 comunidades autónomas del Estado español.ParticipantesVarones y mujeres hasta 85 años de edad, diagnosticados de enfermedad coronaria y/o accidente cerebrovascular y/o enfermedad vascular periférica en el último año, y que no presenten una enfermedad grave o terminal.IntervenciónSe aleatorizarán los centros de salud para seguir la atención habitual en los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad cardiovascular (grupo control) o para implantar un programa integral de prevención secundaria (grupo intervención).Mediciones principalesAcontecimientos letales atribuibles a enfermedad cardiovascular, acontecimientos no letales atribuibles a enfermedad cardiovascular, acontecimientos letales por cualquier causa y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (SF-36).ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of a comprehensive secondary prevention programme to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients who have suffered a cardiovascular (CV) event; to control CV risk factors and prophylactic treatment in order to prevent recurrence; and to improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease.DesignRandomised, pragmatic, open clinical trial in primary care.SettingA total of 42 primary care centres of 8 different areas in Spain.ParticipantsMen and women below 86 years old, diagnosed with coronary disease and/or stroke and/or peripheral vascular disease in the preceding year, and who have no serious or terminal disease.InterventionPrimary care centres will be randomised to following usual care (control group), or to following a comprehensive programme of secondary prevention (intervention group).Main measurementsCardiovascular fatal events, cardiovascular non-fatal events, total mortality and health-related quality of life (SF-36)

Luces y sombras del análisis de expresión génica utilizando microarrays. Un ejemplo en cerdo ibérico

Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104La tecnología de los microarrays de expresión es la herramienta ideal para el estudio de patrones de expresión de miles de genes de forma simultánea. Sin embargo existe gran variabilidad de resultados atribuible a los aspectos técnicos y de análisis estadístico. En este trabajo presentamos algunos de los problemas surgidos en el estudio de las diferencias de expresión en hígado de cerdos ibéricos para los tratamientos sexo y alimentación empleando microarrays de Affymetrix. Los datos de expresión normalizados fueron analizados siguiendo dos aproximaciones de la metodología de los modelos mixtos. Para ambos tratamientos las diferencias de expresión detectadas fueron dependientes del modelo de análisis y solo un pequeño número de genes diferencialmente expresados fueron coincidentes en ambas estrategias estadísticas. Algunas de estas diferencias de expresión fueron validadas por PCR cuantitativa. Además identificamos errores de diseño y falta de anotación de las sondas del array. Los resultados de este estudio nos han permitido detectar diferencias de expresión de algunos genes de interés, pero también remarcan la necesidad de realizar estudios complementarios que confirmen las diferencias de expresión reveladas a través de la tecnología de los microarraysLights and darkness of gene expression analysis using microarrays: an example in Iberian pigs Expression microarray technology is the ideal tool for the study of thousands of gene expression patterns simultaneously. However there is a great variability of results attributed to technical and statistical analysis aspects. In this work we present several of the arisen problems of a differential expression study in liver of Iberian pigs under the treatments sex and feeding level using Affymetrix microarray. Normalized expression data were analyzed following two approaches of the mixed model methodology. In both treatments the detected differential expressions were dependent of the statistical model and just a small number of genes were coincident between both statistical strategies. Some of the expression differences were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Besides, we have identified design mistakes and missing annotation of the array probes. The results of this study have allowed us to detect differential expression of interesting genes, but it pointed out the necessity of carrying out complementary studies in order to confirm the differential expressions revealed using microarrays technology

Sensitivity analysis in a camera-LiDAR calibration model

Recientemente, la fusión de datos entre una cámara y un sensor de profundidad del tipo LiDAR se ha convertido en un problema de gran interés en la industria y en la ingeniería. La calidad de los modelos 3D producidos depende, en buena manera, de un proceso correcto de calibración entre ambos sensores. En este artículo, se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad en un modelo de calibración cámara-LiDAR. Se ha calculado individualmente la variabilidad de cada parámetro por el método de Sobol, basado en la técnica de ANOVA, y el método FAST, que se basa en el análisis de Fourier. Se han definido los parámetros más sensibles y con mayor tendencia a introducir errores en nuestra plataforma de reconstrucción. Se han simulado múltiples conjuntos de parámetros para su análisis y comparación utilizando los métodos de Monte Carlo e Hipercubo Latino. Se muestran estadísticas sobre la sensibilidad total y global de cada parámetro. Además, se presentan resultados sobre la relación de sensibilidad en la calibración cámara-LiDAR, el costo computacional, el tiempo de simulación, la discrepancia y la homogeneidad en los datos simulados.Recently the data fusion between a camera and a depth sensor of LiDAR type, has become an issue of major concern in industry and engineering. The quality of the delivered 3D models depends greatly on a proper calibration between sensors. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis in a camera-lidar calibration model. The variability of each parameter was calculated individually by the Sobol method, based on ANOVA technique, and the FAST method, which is based on Fourier analysis. Multiple sets of parameters were simulated using Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube methods for the purpose of comparing the results of the sensitivity analysis. We defined which parameters are the most sensitive and prone to introduce error into our reconstruction platform. Statistics for the total and global sensibility analysis for each sensor and for each parameter are presented. Furthermore, results on the sensitivity ratio on camera-LiDAR calibration, computational cost, time simulation, discrepancy and homogeneity in the simulated data are presented.Peer Reviewe

Genome-wide analysis of porcine backfat and intramuscular fat fatty acid composition using high-density genotyping and expression data

[EN] Background: Porcine fatty acid composition is a key factor for quality and nutritive value of pork. Several QTLs for fatty acid composition have been reported in diverse fat tissues. The results obtained so far seem to point out different genetic control of fatty acid composition conditional on the fat deposits. Those studies have been conducted using simple approaches and most of them focused on one single tissue. The first objective of the present study was to identify tissue-specific and tissue-consistent QTLs for fatty acid composition in backfat and intramuscular fat, combining linkage mapping and GWAS approaches and conducted under single and multitrait models. A second aim was to identify powerful candidate genes for these tissue-consistent QTLs, using microarray gene expression data and following a targeted genetical genomics approach. Results: The single model analyses, linkage and GWAS, revealed over 30 and 20 chromosomal regions, 24 of them identified here for the first time, specifically associated to the content of diverse fatty acids in BF and IMF, respectively. The analyses with multitrait models allowed identifying for the first time with a formal statistical approach seven different regions with pleiotropic effects on particular fatty acids in both fat deposits. The most relevant were found on SSC8 for C16:0 and C16:1(n-7) fatty acids, detected by both linkage and GWAS approaches. Other detected pleiotropic regions included one on SSC1 for C16:0, two on SSC4 for C16:0 and C18:2, one on SSC11 for C20:3 and the last one on SSC17 for C16:0. Finally, a targeted eQTL scan focused on regions showing tissue consistent effects was conducted with Longissimus and fat gene expression data. Some powerful candidate genes and regions were identified such as the PBX1, RGS4, TRIB3 and a transcription regulatory element close to ELOVL6 gene to be further studied. Conclusions: Complementary genome scans have confirmed several chromosome regions previously associated to fatty acid composition in backfat and intramuscular fat, but even more, to identify new ones. Although most of the detected regions were tissue-specific, supporting the hypothesis that the major part of genes affecting fatty acid composition differs among tissues, seven chromosomal regions showed tissue-consistent effects. Additional gene expression analyses have revealed powerful target regions to carry the mutation responsible for the pleiotropic effects.This work was funded by the MICINN project AGL2011-29821-C02 (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad). We thank to Fabian Garcia, Anna Mercade and Carmen Barragan for their assistance in DNA preparation and SNP genotyping.Muñoz, M.; Rodríguez, MC.; Alves, E.; Folch, J.; Ibañez Escriche, N.; Silió, L.; Fernández, A. (2013). Genome-wide analysis of porcine backfat and intramuscular fat fatty acid composition using high-density genotyping and expression data. BMC Genomics. 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-845S14Lichtenstein, A. H. (2003). Dietary Fat and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Quantity or Quality? Journal of Women’s Health, 12(2), 109-114. doi:10.1089/154099903321576493Jiménez-Colmenero, F., Ventanas, J., & Toldrá, F. (2010). Nutritional composition of dry-cured ham and its role in a healthy diet. Meat Science, 84(4), 585-593. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.10.029Webb, E. C., & O’Neill, H. A. (2008). The animal fat paradox and meat quality. Meat Science, 80(1), 28-36. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.029Wood, J. D., Enser, M., Fisher, A. V., Nute, G. R., Sheard, P. R., Richardson, R. I., … Whittington, F. M. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Science, 78(4), 343-358. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.019Martı́n, L., Timón, M. L., Petrón, M. J., Ventanas, J., & Antequera, T. (2000). Evolution of volatile aldehydes in Iberian ham matured under different processing conditions. Meat Science, 54(4), 333-337. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00107-2Fernández, A., de Pedro, E., Núñez, N., Silió, L., Garcı́a-Casco, J., & Rodrı́guez, C. (2003). Genetic parameters for meat and fat quality and carcass composition traits in Iberian pigs. Meat Science, 64(4), 405-410. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00207-3Sellier, P., Maignel, L., & Bidanel, J. P. (2009). Genetic parameters for tissue and fatty acid composition of backfat, perirenal fat and longissimus muscle in Large White and Landrace pigs. animal, 4(4), 497-504. doi:10.1017/s1751731109991261Suzuki, K., Ishida, M., Kadowaki, H., Shibata, T., Uchida, H., & Nishida, A. (2006). Genetic correlations among fatty acid compositions in different sites of fat tissues, meat production, and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 84(8), 2026-2034. doi:10.2527/jas.2005-660Clop, A., Ovilo, C., Perez-Enciso, M., Cercos, A., Tomas, A., Fernandez, A., … Noguera, J. L. (2003). Detection of QTL affecting fatty acid composition in the pig. Mammalian Genome, 14(9), 650-656. doi:10.1007/s00335-002-2210-7Nii, M., Hayashi, T., Tani, F., Niki, A., Mori, N., Fujishima-Kanaya, N., … Mikawa, S. (2006). Quantitative trait loci mapping for fatty acid composition traits in perirenal and back fat using a Japanese wild boar × Large White intercross. Animal Genetics, 37(4), 342-347. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01485.xRamayo-Caldas, Y., Mercadé, A., Castelló, A., Yang, B., Rodríguez, C., Alves, E., … Folch, J. M. (2012). Genome-wide association study for intramuscular fatty acid composition in an Iberian × Landrace cross1. Journal of Animal Science, 90(9), 2883-2893. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4900Uemoto, Y., Soma, Y., Sato, S., Ishida, M., Shibata, T., Kadowaki, H., … Suzuki, K. (2011). Genome-wide mapping for fatty acid composition and melting point of fat in a purebred Duroc pig population. Animal Genetics, 43(1), 27-34. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02218.xGuo, T., Ren, J., Yang, K., Ma, J., Zhang, Z., & Huang, L. (2009). Quantitative trait loci for fatty acid composition in longissimus dorsi and abdominal fat: results from a White Duroc × Erhualian intercross F2population. Animal Genetics, 40(2), 185-191. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01819.xRamos, A. M., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Affara, N. A., Amaral, A. J., Archibald, A. L., Beever, J. E., … Groenen, M. A. M. (2009). Design of a High Density SNP Genotyping Assay in the Pig Using SNPs Identified and Characterized by Next Generation Sequencing Technology. PLoS ONE, 4(8), e6524. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006524Corominas, J., Ramayo-Caldas, Y., Puig-Oliveras, A., Pérez-Montarelo, D., Noguera, J. L., Folch, J. M., & Ballester, M. (2013). Polymorphism in the ELOVL6 Gene Is Associated with a Major QTL Effect on Fatty Acid Composition in Pigs. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e53687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053687Ponsuksili, S., Jonas, E., Murani, E., Phatsara, C., Srikanchai, T., Walz, C., … Wimmers, K. (2008). Trait correlated expression combined with expression QTL analysis reveals biological pathways and candidate genes affecting water holding capacity of muscle. BMC Genomics, 9(1), 367. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-367Steibel, J. P., Bates, R. O., Rosa, G. J. M., Tempelman, R. J., Rilington, V. D., Ragavendran, A., … Ernst, C. W. (2011). Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Global Gene Expression in Loin Muscle Tissue Identifies Candidate Genes in Pigs. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16766. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016766C�novas, A., Quintanilla, R., Amills, M., & Pena, R. N. (2010). Muscle transcriptomic profiles in pigs with divergent phenotypes for fatness traits. BMC Genomics, 11(1), 372. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-372Uemoto, Y., Sato, S., Ohnishi, C., Terai, S., Komatsuda, A., & Kobayashi, E. (2009). The effects of single and epistatic quantitative trait loci for fatty acid composition in a Meishan × Duroc crossbred population. Journal of Animal Science, 87(11), 3470-3476. doi:10.2527/jas.2009-1917Muñoz, M., Alves, E., Ramayo-Caldas, Y., Casellas, J., Rodríguez, C., Folch, J. M., … Fernández, A. I. (2011). Recombination rates across porcine autosomes inferred from high-density linkage maps. Animal Genetics, 43(5), 620-623. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02301.xQuintanilla, R., Pena, R. N., Gallardo, D., Cánovas, A., Ramírez, O., Díaz, I., … Amills, M. (2011). Porcine intramuscular fat content and composition are regulated by quantitative trait loci with muscle-specific effects1. 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Genetics, 171(2), 783-790. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.03669

La familia a la luz del carácter personal

En este artículo queremos abordar la familia desde la intimidad personal, ver sus manifestaciones y entresacar aquellos rasgos comunitarios que la caracterizan, así como las virtudes que fomentan esos rasgos comunitarios. Comenzaremos por exponer, brevemente, la propuesta que sobre los trascendentales personales hace Leonardo Polo, con la finalidad de entender que es la intimidad personal. A continuación veremos la manifestación de la familia desde cada uno de esos trascendentales. Finalmente, entresacamos de los trascendentales personales los rasgos comunitarios que caracterizan a la familia. Esto nos permitirá considerar una definición de familia anclada en la intimidad personal, así como la distinción que puede hacerse entre familia e Institución familiar, bien sea si hablamos de la intimidad personal o del ámbito manifestativo de esa intimidad. Comenzaremos con una breve descripción de esos trascendentales y, posteriormente, desde un carácter sistémico abordaremos los rasgos comunitarios que caracterizan a la Institución familiar

Garvicins AG1 and AG2 : two novel class IId bacteriocins of lactococcus garvieae Lg-Granada

Funding: This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, grant number RTI2018-098530-B-I00. The APC was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, grant number RTI2018-098530-B-I00.Lactococcus garvieae causes infectious diseases in animals and is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen involved in human clinical conditions. In silico analysis of plasmid pLG50 of L. garvieae Lg-Granada, an isolate from a patient with endocarditis, revealed the presence of two gene clusters (orf 46–47 and orf 48–49), each one encoding a novel putative bacteriocin, i.e., garvicin AG1 (GarAG1; orf 46) and garvicin AG2 (GarAG2; orf 48), and their corresponding immunity proteins (orf 47 and orf 49). The chemically synthesised bacteriocins GarAG1 and GarAG2 presented inhibitory activity against pathogenic L. garvieae strains, with AG2 also being active against Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Enterococcus faecalis. Genetic organisation, amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activities of GarAG1 and GarAG2 indicate that they belong to linear non-pediocin-like one-peptide class IId bacteriocins. Gram-positive bacteria that were sensitive to GarAG2 were also able to ferment mannose, suggesting that this bacteriocin could use the mannose phosphotransferase transport system (Man-PTS) involved in mannose uptake as a receptor in sensitive strains. Intriguingly, GarAG1 and GarAG2 were highly active against their own host, L. garvieae Lg-Granada, which could be envisaged as a new strategy to combat pathogens via their own weapons.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe