Distribution and monitoring of power and mechanisms to increase the efficiency of power in Shiite political thought

The results of this study, due to the many ambiguities in the field of power in Islam, can be considered by government organizations such as the Guardian Council and researchers in the fields of jurisprudence and law, natural and legal persons who somehow deal with sources of power, and students and professors of political science. And rights to be placed. Depending on the subject of the research, the method of collecting materials in an analytical and descriptive manner and by studying valid sources in the library and, if possible, the interview method will be on the agenda so that first the desired sources are studied and after analysis, In the end, this research aims to achieve results and make suggestions for improving the current situation; Therefore, first the required resources from various sources of presence in the library, digital libraries, existing software such as comprehensive Ahl al-Bayt and Shiite history and existing articles, treatises and dissertations, selected and after studying and separating the required materials, receipts Necessary from the required resources and then as a complete research, its compilation will be completed. The present study will have a new approach to all aspects of power in Shiite political thought and the author will try to have a comprehensive look at the jurisprudential principles of this issue based on Quranic arguments, narration, sayings of jurists and rational arguments

Jurisprudential principles of the cultural system of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Our revolution, unlike other movements and revolutions of the twentieth century, which often had economic and political foundations, was a cultural revolution, and we find carefully in the main slogans of the revolution (independence, freedom, republic and Islam) that Apart from the word "republic", which has a socio-political meaning, other slogans show the cultural foundations of this movement. Therefore, the cultural system of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be considered as the identity and manifestation of the Islamic Revolution. The set of right and wrong infrastructures is called the habitual beliefs and mental beliefs of a country and a nation called the cultural system. In this article, which has been written by descriptive-analytical method and library collection method and the use of Quran and authentic jurisprudential books, we have achieved the following results: The main basis of the cultural system of the Islamic Republic in the era of absence based on perspective He is a revolutionary provincial jurist and at the head of it is the architect of Imam Khomeini's revolution. The goals of the cultural system of the Islamic Republic of Iran are divided into short-term, medium-term, and long-term, the main purpose of which is to pay attention to the freedom of Muslims and to promote and export monotheism. The pillar of the cultural system is monotheism and its principles are the branches of religion and its sources are books, traditions, consensus, intellect and tools of the cultural system of seminaries, universities, education, media and artistic tools

Análisis del comportamiento sísmico de un muro de corte de ladrillo en un marco de acero conformado en frío

The light steel frame system is a new construction technology system and is more economical than other construction methods due to its lightness, ease of installation, high execution speed, and ease of repair. In this article, for the first time, the effect of stud spacing and execution method on the seismic behavior of brick shear walls in a cold-formed steel frame (CFSF) was investigated. For this purpose, 6 shear walls, A1: shear wall was made of steel frame with the dimensions of 2400 × 600 mm; A2: shear wall was the same as A1 wall, with the difference that the brick is installed in two stages; B1 and B2: B1 and B2 shear walls were made of steel frames with dimensions of 2400 × 1200 mm; C1 and C2 Shear walls are similar to B1 and B2 walls, the difference is that in these walls, all the space inside the frame was filled with expanded polystyrene plates and mortar was applied outside the frame and on it were made using CFSF, cement sand mortar, wire mesh, expanded polystyrene, automatic screw, ceramic and clay brick. After processing in the laboratory, these walls were subjected to seismic loading. By calculating the over-strength factor and ductility reduction factor using experimental results, it was determined that building the wall in one step (A1 compared to A2) and increasing the distance between the studs (B1 and B2 compared to A1) would increase the shear strength, but this does not cause a significant change in the behavior factor. Also, using the two methods of Uang and Pauli to calculate the behavior factor leads to almost the same results.El sistema de marcos de acero liviano es una nueva tecnología constructiva, más económica que otros métodos de construcción debido a su ligereza, facilidad de instalación, alta velocidad de ejecución y simplicidad en las reparaciones. En este artículo, por primera vez, se investigó el efecto del espaciamiento entre montantes y el método de ejecución sobre el comportamiento sísmico de muros de corte de ladrillo con marco de acero conformado en frío (CFSF, por sus siglas en inglés). Con este propósito, se construyeron 6 muros de corte, A1: muro de corte hecho con un marco de acero de dimensiones 2400 × 600 mm; A2: muro de corte igual al A1, con la diferencia de que los ladrillos se instalaron en dos etapas. , B1 y B2: muros de corte hechos con marcos de acero de dimensiones 2400 × 1200 mm., C1 y C2: similares a B1 y B2, con la diferencia de que en estos muros, todo el espacio vacío dentro del marco se rellenó con placas de  poliestireno expandido , se aplicó mortero en el exterior del marco, y se construyeron utilizando CFSF, mortero de cemento-arena, malla metálica, poliestireno expandido, tornillos automáticos, cerámica y ladrillo de arcilla. Después del curado en laboratorio, estos muros fueron sometidos a cargas sísmicas. Al calcular el factor de sobre-resistencia y el factor de reducción por ductilidad a partir de los resultados experimentales, se determinó que construir el muro en una sola etapa (A1 en comparación con A2) y aumentar la distancia entre montantes (B1 y B2 en comparación con A1) aumenta la resistencia al corte, pero no produce un cambio significativo en el factor de comportamiento sísmico. Además, se observó que el uso de los métodos de Uang y Pauli para calcular dicho factor conduce a resultados prácticamente equivalentes

Evaluation of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity and Determination of SAP5 and PLB1 Genes in Candida Isolates of Vaginal Infection

Background: Volvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection in women. The production of extracellular enzymes act as virulence factors in the pathogenesis of Candida species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of phospholipase, proteinase and to investigate the distribution pattern of Sap5 and PLB1 genes in Candida isolates isolated from women with VVC. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 135 vaginal swabs of women with suspected VVC. Candida species were identified by PCR-RFLP and the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and frequency analysis of SAP5 and PLB1 genes were evaluated. Findings: The results showed that C. albicans has the highest frequency (67%). In total, 80% of the studied isolates have proteolytic activity and 73% have phospholipase activity. Furthermore, the frequencies of PLB1 and SAP5 genes among Candida species were reported 95.7% and 91.4%, respectively. Simultaneous presence of SAP5 and PLB1 genes was observed in 87% of the isolates. Conclusion: The results of present study showed the importance of molecular epidemiological studies and understanding the role of virulence factors associated with extracellular enzymes in the pathogenesis of Candida strains

A free-energy landscape picture and Landau theory for the dynamics of disordered materials

Landau's theory of phase transitions is adapted to treat independently relaxing regions in complex systems using nanothermodynamics. The order parameter we use governs the thermal fluctuations, not a specific static structure. We find that the entropy term dominates the thermal behavior, as is reasonable for disordered systems. Consequently, the thermal equilibrium occurs at the internal-energy maximum, so that the minima in a potential-energy landscape have negligible influence on the dynamics. Instead the dynamics involves normal thermal fluctuations about the free-energy minimum, with a time scale that is governed by the internal-energy maximum. The temperature dependence of the fluctuations yields VTF-like relaxation rates and approximate time-temperature superposition, consistent with the WLF procedure for analyzing the dynamics of complex fluids; while the size dependence of the fluctuations provides an explanation for the distribution of relaxation times and heterogeneity that are found in glass-forming liquids, thus providing a unified picture for several features in the dynamics of disordered materials.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Importance Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.Objective To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence Review The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.Findings In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin