PRODUÇÃO DE FORRAGEM E VALOR NUTRITIVO DE FLUVA SOB INTERVALOS DE CORTE

O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em uma pastagem de fluva (Anthoxantum odoratum L.) formada há um ano, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes intervalos de corte na produção de massa seca e valor nutritivo do pasto. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e quatro tratamentos de intervalos entre corte (28, 35, 42 e 49 dias). Foram aplicados 140 kg ha-1 ano-1 de nitrogênio, na forma de uréia, em todos os tratamentos e o pasto foi cortado a uma altura de 7 cm do solo. Foram realizados 12, 10, 8 e 7 cortes, respectivamente, para os intervalos de 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias. A produção de massa seca reduziu de forma quadrática (P<0,002) com o aumento de dias no intervalo entre cortes. O teor de proteína bruta decresceu de forma linear (P<0,02) e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica decresceu de forma quadrática (P<0,002) com o aumento dos intervalos entre cortes. O intervalo de cortes de 35 dias proporcionou a melhor combinação entre produção de massa seca de forragem e melhor valor nutritivo, sendo indicado para manejo sob cortes para Anthoxanthum odoratum L

Comportamento produtivo de populações de capim-lanudo em Santa Catarina

The objectve of this study was to evaluate genotypes of Holcus lanatus L. regarding forage producton, persistence and seasonal distributon. Two experiments were carried out in two different locatons of Santa Catarina State (in the municipalites of Canoinhas and São Joaquim) in 2009-2010. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete blocks split-plots design with four replicatons. In Canoinhas there was no difference among Holcus lanatus genotypes in dry mater producton. The seasonal distributon presented biannual behavior with producton concentraton in winter. In São Joaquim, where Holcus lanatus producton showed perennial behavior, its genotype ‘Urubici Morro da Igreja’ presented a higher producton compared to the commercial cultvar. The species presented concentraton of dry mater producton in spring. Comparing the two locatons, Holcus lanatus showed larger potental use in the São Joaquim region.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção, persistência e distribuição estacional de populações de capim-lanudo (Holcus lanatus L.) em SantaCatarina. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em São Joaquim e em Canoinhas,durante o período de 2009-10. Foram avaliadas quatro populações coletadas na região do Planalto Serrano e o cultivar comercial La Magnolia. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. Em Canoinhas não houve diferença na produção entre as populações avaliadas; o capim-lanudo apresentou comportamento bianual e concentração da produção no inverno. Em São Joaquim o capim-lanudo apresentou comportamento perene, concentração da produção na primavera e a população ‘Urubici Morro da Igreja’ apresentou produção anual superior ao cultivar comercial. Entre os dois locais, o capim-lanudo apresentou maior potencial de uso para a região de São Joaquim

Histamine stimulates neurogenesis in the rodent subventricular zone

Neural stem/progenitor cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are a potential source of repairing cells after injury. Therefore, the identification of novel players that modulate neural stem cells differentiation can have a huge impact in stem cell-based therapies. Herein, we describe a unique role of histamine in inducing functional neuronal differentiation from cultured mouse SVZ stem/progenitor cells. This proneurogenic effect depends on histamine 1 receptor activation and involves epigenetic modifications and increased expression of Mash1, Dlx2, and Ngn1 genes. Biocompatible poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles, engineered to release histamine in a controlled and prolonged manner, also triggered robust neuronal differentiation in vitro. Preconditioning with histamine-loaded microparticles facilitated neuronal differentiation of SVZ-GFP cells grafted in hippocampal slices and in in vivo rodent brain. We propose that neuronal commitment triggered by histamine per se or released from biomaterial-derived vehicles may represent a new tool for brain repair strategies. STEM CELLS 2012; 30:773784Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia-Portugal [SFRH/BD/42848/2008, SFRH/BPD/34841/2007, PTDC/SAU-NEU/104415/2008, PTDC/SAU-NEU/101783/2008, PTDC/CTM/099659/2008]; Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian [96542]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conjunctival melanoma: survival analysis in twenty-two Mexican patients

Objetivo: Descrever o intervalo livre de doença (DFI) e sobrevida global (OS) de pacientes com melanoma conjuntival (CM). Método: Prontuários de 22 pacientes que foram internados em dois hospitais entre 1985 e 2006 foram revisados para dados pertinentes, incluindo dados demográficos, local de envolvimento na conjuntiva e outros locais de acometimento, tratamento cirúrgico e tratamento adjuvante. Resultados: Dez (45,45%) homens e 12 (54,55%) mulheres foram selecionados. A média de idade foi de 52,3 anos. Em 15 pacientes (68,1%) CM envolveu a conjuntiva bulbar, e em 7 (31,9%) envolveu a conjuntiva palpebral. Dos 22 pacientes, 72,72% tinham história de melanose conjuntival. O tamanho médio do tumor foi de 20,4 mm. Oito (36,36%) pacientes foram submetidos à exenteração orbital, 2 (9,06% ) à enucleação, 5 (22,72%) à ampla excisão da lesão seguida de radioterapia, 2 (9,06%) à exenteração orbital com esvaziamento cervical e os restantes 5 pacientes (22,72%) foram considerados adequadamente tratados apenas com excisão ampla. Oito (36,36%) pacientes receberam tratamento adjuvante. Sobrevida livre de doença em 5 anos foi de 51% e sobrevida global em 5 e 10 anos foi de 50% e 37%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Melanoma conjuntival é uma entidade rara. Comportamento do tumor é agressivo, e o melhor tratamento é a cirurgia com terapia adjuvante

Evaluación de las causas de anestro en rebaños bovinos lecheros en Camagüey

To determine the reproductive, metabolic, health and food status and evaluate the physical-productive status of the farms of two dairy cattle herds with a high incidence of anestric females belonging to a livestock company in the province of Camagüey, Cuba was performed on all animals the clinical-gynecological examination, the evaluation of the body condition, the determination of the live weight, a parasitological analysis and the evaluation of the metabolic state were used four groups of females: pregnant women in the last third (&gt; 7½ months), recentins, between 15 and 20 days and 60 days of births and females with more than 60 days postpartum without being inseminated (empty), finally the evaluation of the availability of pastures and the consumption of dry matter in each of the herds was carried out . The data obtained were processed using the generalized linear model. The clinical-gynecological diagnosis showed problems with estrous cyclicity related to deficiencies in the detection of heat, high parasitic infestation (Fasciola hepatica), food problems and metabolic disorders (energy metabolism, protein, immune deficit, hypocalcemia and hypophosphoremia). The reproductive behavior of the herds and their state of health were related to the physical-productive state of the farms. It is recommended to improve the productive physical state of the farms to ensure an adequate forage balance and reproductive management in the herds based on the body condition and other health indicators of the female.Para determinar el estado reproductivo, metabólico, de salud y alimentario y evaluar el estado físico-productivo de las fincas de dos rebaños bovinos lecheros con elevada incidencia de hembras anéstricas pertenecientes a una empresa pecuaria de la provincia Camagüey, Cuba se realizó a todos los animales el examen clínico-ginecológico, la evaluación de la condición corporal, la determinación del peso vivo, un análisis parasitológico y la evaluación del estado metabólico fueron utilizados cuatro grupos de hembras: gestantes en el último tercio (&gt; 7 ½ meses), recentinas, entre 15 y 20 días y de 60 días de paridas y hembras con mas de 60 días post parto sin ser inseminadas (vacías), por último se realizó la evaluación de la disponibilidad de los pastos y del consumo de materia seca en cada uno de los rebaños. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron mediante el modelo lineal generalizado. El diagnóstico clínico-ginecológico evidenció problemas con la ciclicidad estral relacionados con deficiencias en la detección del celo, alta infestación parasitaria (Fasciola hepatica), problemas alimentarios y desórdenes metabólicos (metabolismo energético, protéico, déficit inmunitario, hipocalcemia e hipofosforemia). El comportamiento reproductivo de los rebaños y su estado de salud estuvieron relacionados con el estado físico-productivo de las fincas. Se recomienda mejorar el estado físico productivo de las fincas para garantizar un balance forrajero adecuado y el manejo reproductivo en los rebaños sobre la base de la condición corporal y otros indicadores de salud de la hembra

Local indicators for global species: Pelagic sharks in the tropical northeast Atlantic, Cabo Verde islands region.

Pelagic sharks are an important bycatch in pelagic fisheries, especially for drifting longlines targeting swordfish. In the Cabo Verde Archipelago (tropical NE Atlantic), pelagic shark catches can reach a significant proportion of the total catches. Due to the increased concern on the status of pelagic shark species, this study was developed to enhance the current knowledge of those sharks in the Cabo Verde region in comparison to the adjacent areas, especially associated with European Union (EU) pelagic longline fishing activity. Stock status indicators for the two main species, blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), were developed, based on fisheries data from logbooks and onboard scientific observers, including analysis of size frequency distributions and standardized catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE) indexes over time. The standardized CPUEs have been stable or increasing for both species in the past 10 years, indicating no signs of local depletion. In terms of sizes, the blue shark catch is composed mainly of adults, which can be a sign of a stable population. On the contrary, the catch of shortfin mako is composed mainly of juveniles, which in conjunction of a decrease of mean size might be a cause of concern, highlighting possible overfishing on the species in the region. Thirty satellite tags, 25 archival miniPATs and 5 SPOT GPS, were deployed in the Cabo Verde Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), showing that those species are highly mobile. The biomass and size distributions were modeled with spatial and seasonal models (GAMs) identifying locations where juveniles are predominantly concentrated and that should be prioritized for conservation. This work presents new information on the status of pelagic sharks in the Cabo Verde region in the context of those highly migratory species, and can now be used to promote more sustainable fisheries in the region

Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México

Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México   El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la raza paterna (Charollais, Dorset y Texel), utilizando ovejas Hampshire, sexo y tipo de nacimiento de la cría, en características de la canal de los corderos. Después del destete (74±8 días), 45 corderos de estas cruzas se finalizaron durante 63 días, consumiendo una dieta balanceada con 14% de PC y 2.82 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. Los corderos se pesaron y se sacrificaron a los 137 días de edad; posteriormente, se tomaron medidas de peso y rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, área del ojo de chuleta, espesor de grasa subcutánea, longitud de canal, longitud de pierna, perímetro de grupa y se calculó el índice de compacidad de la canal; además se determinó la composición regional de la canal (espaldilla, bajos, badal, pierna, cuello, y costillar). Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo mixto. Los corderos de padre Charollais tuvieron el mayor (P<0.05) área del ojo de chuleta (20.1±0.5 cm2), mientras que los de padre Dorset fueron superiores (P<0.05) en longitud interna de la canal (66.3±0.9 cm) y longitud de pierna (34.8±0.3 cm). Los machos superaron a las hembras (P<0.05) en la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Los corderos de parto sencillo tuvieron medias mayores que los de parto doble (P<0.05) en espesor de la grasa subcutánea y longitud de la pierna. En general, las cruzas con Charollais y Dorset mostraron superioridad en las características de la canal.     Efecto de la raza paterna en características de la canal de corderos para carne en Hidalgo, México   El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la raza paterna (Charollais, Dorset y Texel), utilizando ovejas Hampshire, sexo y tipo de nacimiento de la cría, en características de la canal de los corderos. Después del destete (74±8 días), 45 corderos de estas cruzas se finalizaron durante 63 días, consumiendo una dieta balanceada con 14% de PC y 2.82 Mcal de EM/kg de MS. Los corderos se pesaron y se sacrificaron a los 137 días de edad; posteriormente, se tomaron medidas de peso y rendimiento de la canal caliente y fría, área del ojo de chuleta, espesor de grasa subcutánea, longitud de canal, longitud de pierna, perímetro de grupa y se calculó el índice de compacidad de la canal; además se determinó la composición regional de la canal (espaldilla, bajos, badal, pierna, cuello, y costillar). Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo mixto. Los corderos de padre Charollais tuvieron el mayor (P<0.05) área del ojo de chuleta (20.1±0.5 cm2), mientras que los de padre Dorset fueron superiores (P<0.05) en longitud interna de la canal (66.3±0.9 cm) y longitud de pierna (34.8±0.3 cm). Los machos superaron a las hembras (P<0.05) en la mayoría de las variables analizadas. Los corderos de parto sencillo tuvieron medias mayores que los de parto doble (P<0.05) en espesor de la grasa subcutánea y longitud de la pierna. En general, las cruzas con Charollais y Dorset mostraron superioridad en las características de la canal.     The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of sire breed (Charollais, Dorset and Texel), utilizing Hampshire ewes, lamb sex and birth type, on carcass traits of the lambs. After weaning (74±8 d), 45 lambs from these crosses were fattened during 63 d, consuming a balanced diet with 14% CP and 2.82 Mcal of ME/kg of DM. Lambs were weighed and slaughtered at 137 d of age; later, measures on slaughter weight and yield of hot and cold carcass, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat, carcass length, leg length, and rump perimeter were taken and the carcass compactness index was calculated. In addition, the carcass regional composition (shoulder, chest-belly, anterior-loin, leg, neck, and rear-loin) was determined. Data were analyzed utilizing a mixed model. Charollais-sired lambs had the highest (P<0.05) rib eye area (20.1±0.5 cm2), while Dorset-sired lambs were superior (P<0.05) in carcass length (66.3±0.9 cm) and leg length (34.8±0.3 cm). Ram lambs surpassed ewe lambs (P<0.05) in most traits analyzed. Lambs born as singles had higher means than twin lambs (P<0.05) in subcutaneous fat and leg length. In general, crosses with Charollais and Dorset showed superiority in carcass traits

The Synoptic All-Sky Infrared (SASIR) Survey

We are proposing to conduct a multicolor, synoptic infrared (IR) imaging survey of the Northern sky with a new, dedicated 6.5-meter telescope at San Pedro M\'artir (SPM) Observatory. This initiative is being developed in partnership with astronomy institutions in Mexico and the University of California. The 4-year, dedicated survey, planned to begin in 2017, will reach more than 100 times deeper than 2MASS. The Synoptic All-Sky Infrared (SASIR) Survey will reveal the missing sample of faint red dwarf stars in the local solar neighborhood, and the unprecedented sensitivity over such a wide field will result in the discovery of thousands of z ~ 7 quasars (and reaching to z > 10), allowing detailed study (in concert with JWST and Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes) of the timing and the origin(s) of reionization. As a time-domain survey, SASIR will reveal the dynamic infrared universe, opening new phase space for discovery. Synoptic observations of over 10^6 supernovae and variable stars will provide better distance measures than optical studies alone. SASIR also provides significant synergy with other major Astro2010 facilities, improving the overall scientific return of community investments. Compared to optical-only measurements, IR colors vastly improve photometric redshifts to z ~ 4, enhancing dark energy and dark matter surveys based on weak lensing and baryon oscillations. The wide field and ToO capabilities will enable a connection of the gravitational wave and neutrino universe - with events otherwise poorly localized on the sky - to transient electromagnetic phenomena.Comment: Revised version of submitted whitepaper to the "Optical and IR Astronomy from the Ground" Program Prioritization Panel of the Astro2010 Decadal Survey; 23 page

Evaluating stress responses in cowpea under drought stress

Drought impact on plants is an increasing concern under the climate change scenario. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is considered as one of the most tolerant legume crops to drought, being the search for the best well-adapted genotypes crucial to face the future challenges. Different approaches have been used for differentiating plant responses to drought stress. Plants of four cowpea genotypes were submitted to three watering regimens (a severe and moderate drought stress, and well-watered control) during 15 days, and several physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters were evaluated. Stressed plants revealed commonly-described drought stress characteristics, but not all assayed parameters were useful for discriminating plants with different drought severities or genotypes. The analyses which have contributed most to genotype discrimination were those related with stomatal function, and biochemical markers such as proline and anthocyanin contents. Antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes expression did not differed among genotypes or upon drought stress treatments, suggesting that scavenging enzymes are not involved in the differential ability of cowpea plants to survive under drought stress. This information will be useful to evaluate and use genetic resources, as well as design strategies for breeding cowpea resistance to drought stress.This study was supported by EUROLEGUME project. This project has received funding from: the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613781; National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2019; and the project PEstOE/BIA/UI4046/2014; UID/MULTI/04046/2013

The European Reference Genome Atlas: piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomics.

ABSTRACT: A global genome database of all of Earth’s species diversity could be a treasure trove of scientific discoveries. However, regardless of the major advances in genome sequencing technologies, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. To contribute to a more complete planetary genomic database, scientists and institutions across the world have united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which plans to sequence and assemble high-quality reference genomes for all ∼1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species through a stepwise phased approach. As the initiative transitions into Phase II, where 150,000 species are to be sequenced in just four years, worldwide participation in the project will be fundamental to success. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) seeks to implement a new decentralised, accessible, equitable and inclusive model for producing high-quality reference genomes, which will inform EBP as it scales. To embark on this mission, ERGA launched a Pilot Project to establish a network across Europe to develop and test the first infrastructure of its kind for the coordinated and distributed reference genome production on 98 European eukaryotic species from sample providers across 33 European countries. Here we outline the process and challenges faced during the development of a pilot infrastructure for the production of reference genome resources, and explore the effectiveness of this approach in terms of high-quality reference genome production, considering also equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned during this pilot provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational and national genomic resource projects.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio