Las herramientas digitales en el análisis de traducciones: una aproximación cualitativa al análisis de la traducción de literatura infantil

The use of digital tools to analyse translations is still not well established, particularly regarding the stylistic analysis of literary translations. Quantitative analysis of translations with these tools can serve the researcher as a starting point for subsequent inductive research. In this paper we will carry out a comparative analysis of Les malheurs de Sophie by Madame de Ségur and Les nouveaux malheurs de Sophie and their corresponding Spanish translations. To do so, we will use the Stylo, Gephi and Sketch Engine. Starting from the analysis results of Stylo and Gephi, we will then use Sketch Engine to confirm or disprove the initial hypotheses observed. In this work we will focus on quantitative analysis, but the results obtained will allow us to observe the contributions of the use of this type of tools to the analysis of translations and their accessibility for other literary and translatological research works.El uso herramientas digitales para analizar traducciones todavía carece de arraigo, en particular en lo que concierne al análisis estilístico de traducciones literarias. El análisis cuantitativo de traducciones con estas herramientas puede servir al investigador como punto de partida para una investigación inductiva. Los resultados obtenidos nos permitirían formular hipótesis que trataríamos de verificar o desmentir posteriormente a través de una aproximación cualitativa a los textos. Realizaremos un análisis comparativo de diferentes traducciones de literatura infantil utilizando tres herramientas, con el fin de observar sus posibles aportes al análisis de traducciones y su accesibilidad para otros trabajos de investigación literarios y traductológicos

Post-global and Post-digital Children’s Literature: Some Users’ Legitimation Strategies on the Net

Our starting point is the hypothesis that we live in a post-digital and post-global era, even a post-data one. In this current time, our objects of study have become transmedial and the different media versions of a product cannot be separated one from the other, but rather should be taken as one single object. These transmedial cultural objects are subject to readings, discussions, and appropriation in social networks, which exist in a “permanent now”, ephemeral by its very nature. In this context, we ask ourselves what the role and the function of the literary is. In a moment when online users claim ownership of the product, what value and position do they give to the literary? We intend to search for testimonies in social networks for three products of children’s literature: "My Little Pony", "Caillou" and "Manolito Gafotas", in order to observe what is being said in social networks about them. Working with "Goodreads", "Babelio", "Reddit" and "Tumblr" that function as platforms for reviews and fan expression, we will carry out an analysis of our corpus by means of some digital tools. Our goal is to show how literature still acts as a legitimizing instance and how networks function as a vector for globalization/localisation in the current post-digital, post-global and transmedial context

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design

Introduction: We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Methods: Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. Discussion: This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain.The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL, by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country by European Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the The Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489

Postdigital Narrative Collection (2022)

Presentamos el corpus de narrativa actual en alemán, catalán, español, francés, inglés y neerlandés, que ha sido utilizado para el estudio de características postdigitales en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación "REC-LIT. Reciclajes culturales: transliteraturas en la era postdigital" (2018-2022). Es una compilación abierta a la incorporación de obras aún no localizadas o que emerjan en la actualidad. No pretende ser, por tanto, exhaustivo, pero sí incorporar ejemplos de lo que llamamos narrativa postdigital, porque se compromete en su forma y/o contenido con la expresión de la condición postdigital en la que estamos inmersos, incluyendo también obras en las que solo algunos fragmentos o aspectos se corresponden con esta definición. Entendemos por postdigital una condición que surge ‘después de’ la ruptura que supuso la revolución digital en la década de los 90 y en torno a la primera década del siglo XXI, debido a la expansión masiva de varias tecnologías digitales. Esta condición postdigital actual está caracterizada por una presencia cotidiana de lo digital y de la computerización, por su ubicuidad (integrada en el entorno y en los sujetos), así como por la conectividad permanente y las nuevas continuidades analógico-digitales. [Véanse: Glosario (https://www.ucm.es/rec-lit_observatorio_postdigital/conceptos-clave-glosario-y-cuadernos-del-ahora) y Cuadernos del ahora: Postdigital (https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/61054/)]. Por ello, los criterios de selección de las obras han seguido varias coordenadas y formas de acotación: 1) lingüística: en función de las lenguas en que trabajamos los miembros del proyecto, con la limitación que ello supone para alcanzar una escala global. 2) temporal: desde aproximadamente 2003-2006, esto es, a partir de la conectividad permanente y de la incorporación integrada y cotidiana de lo digital (por la plataformización, la masificación de redes sociales y el smartphone), con especial atención a la última década. Nos preguntamos qué no podría haber sido narrado, o no así, antes de esas fechas. De forma aislada, algunas obras de esta condición surgieron "avant la lettre" y, por ello, las hemos incluido a pesar de ser de fecha anterior. Notemos también que, en diferentes espacios, lenguas y literaturas, el proceso hacia la condición postdigital se ha llevado a cabo en momentos distintos en función de la permeabilidad tecnológica, por lo que las fechas no siempre coindicen. 3) temática, representacional y estética: obras en las que, de forma explícita o implícita, hay una presencia (o ausencia sospechosa) de tecnología y de prácticas postdigitales, sea en el contenido y su configuración, en aspectos formales o en la dimensión estética. Así buscamos huellas postdigitales en los marcos cognitivos e imaginarios que se emplean, en la concepción del espacio, de la memoria, del tiempo o del sujeto que subyacen, así como su función en la composición escénica y en la construcción narrativa. Interesan en particular aquellas que plantean una reflexión sobre lo postdigital y sus consecuencias o incluso una reflexividad tecnológica explícita. 4) calidad literaria: son obras que ofrecen respuestas a la pregunta de cómo se está narrando lo postdigital, independientemente de un posible juicio de valor literario. 5) genérica: son obras literarias (entendida la literariedad en sentido laxo) con un componente narrativo que puede ser híbrido y mezclarse con lírica o cómic. Así pues, hemos indagado en manifestaciones que, por su recepción, pudieran estarse adaptando a prácticas generalizadas en el medio postdigital dentro de la literatura infantil y juvenil, los posibles "bestsellers", las obras premiadas, las publicaciones de autores jóvenes, las obras de autores abiertamente comprometidos con la contemporaneidad tecnológica y también en el campo de la literatura electrónica para verificar si, dada su continua experimentación con las posibilidades tecnológicas, se tematizan particularmente las marcas postdigitales. Las obras de este corpus han servido, pues, de base para el estudio (cualitativo y cuantitativo) de marcas postdigitales en la narrativa contemporánea y para la configuración de una taxonomía de características postdigitales. [Véase la web del Observatorio en REC-LIT: https://www.ucm.es/rec-lit_observatorio_postdigital/]. Este estudio ha sido elaborado en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación "REC-LIT. Reciclajes culturales: transliteraturas en la era postdigital" (Referencia RTI2018-094607-B-I00) (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE).Depto. de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Educación FísicaDepto. de Estudios Ingleses: Lingüística y LiteraturaDepto. de Estudios Románicos, Franceses, Italianos y TraducciónDepto. de Filología Alemana y Filología EslavaFac. de EducaciónFac. de FilologíaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU)unpu

The Trypanosoma cruzi Satellite DNA OligoC-TesT and Trypanosoma cruzi Kinetoplast DNA OligoC-TesT for Diagnosis of Chagas Disease: A Multi-cohort Comparative Evaluation Study

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: The Trypanosoma cruzi satellite DNA (satDNA) OligoC-TesT is a standardised PCR format for diagnosis of Chagas disease. The sensitivity of the test is lower for discrete typing unit (DTU) TcI than for TcII-VI and the test has not been evaluated in chronic Chagas disease patients. Methodology/Principal Findings: We developed a new prototype of the OligoC-TesT based on kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) detection. We evaluated the satDNA and kDNA OligoC-TesTs in a multi-cohort study with 187 chronic Chagas patients and 88 healthy endemic controls recruited in Argentina, Chile and Spain and 26 diseased non-endemic controls from D.R. Congo and Sudan. All specimens were tested in duplicate. The overall specificity in the controls was 99.1% (95% CI 95.2%–99.8%) for the satDNA OligoC-TesT and 97.4% (95% CI 92.6%–99.1%) for the kDNA OligoC-TesT. The overall sensitivity in the patients was 67.9% (95% CI 60.9%–74.2%) for the satDNA OligoC-TesT and 79.1% (95% CI 72.8%–84.4%) for the kDNA OligoC-Test. Conclusions/Significance: Specificities of the two T. cruzi OligoC-TesT prototypes are high on non-endemic and endemic controls. Sensitivities are moderate but significantly (p = 0.0004) higher for the kDNA OligoC-TesT compared to the satDNA OligoC-TesT.This work was financially supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme, ChagasEpiNet project, grant number 223034

Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study

INTRODUCTION: Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS: We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS: The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer

Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study

INTRODUCTION: Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS: We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS: The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer

Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study

INTRODUCTION: Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS: We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS: The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer

Pigmentation phototype and prostate and breast cancer in a select Spanish population-A Mendelian randomization analysis in the MCC-Spain study

INTRODUCTION: Phototype has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, and it is yet unknown if it is related to other hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast cancer or whether this association could be considered causal. METHODS: We examined the association between the phototype and breast and prostate cancers using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We studied 1,738 incident cases of breast cancer and another 817 cases of prostate cancer. To perform a Mendelian randomization analysis on the phototype-cancer relationship, a genetic pigmentation score was required that met the following criteria: (1) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with phototype in controls; (2) the genetic pigmentation score was not associated with confounders in the relationship between phototype and cancer, and (3) the genetic pigmentation score was associated with cancer only through its association with phototype. Once this genetic score is available, the association between genetic pigmentation score and cancer can be identified as the association between phototype and cancer. RESULTS: The association between the genetic pigmentation score and phototype in controls showed that a higher genetic pigmentation score was associated with fair skin, blond hair, blue eyes and the presence of freckles. Applying the Mendelian randomization analysis, we verified that there was no association between the genetic pigmentation score and cancers of the breast and prostate. CONCLUSIONS: Phototype is not associated with breast or prostate cancer