Zusatzbelastung aus Holzheizungen

Die Schriftenreihe informiert über das Ausmaß der Luftbelastung durch Holzheizungen in einem kleinen Ort. Die gesetzlichen Grenzwerte für die Luftqualität wurden nicht überschritten. Die Zusatzbelastung im Winter insbesondere bei ultrafeinen Partikeln, Ruß und dem als krebserzeugend eingestuften Benzo(a)pyren bedeutet eine nicht unerhebliche Verschlechterung der Luftqualität. Die Ergebnisse zu den Konzentrationen von Dioxinen und Furanen im Staubniederschlag sind in einem gesonderten Bericht zusammengefasst. Der Bericht richtet sich an Fachbehörden, Wissenschaft und interessierte Bürger. Redaktionsschluss: 09.04.202

Volcano deformation survey over the Northern and Central Andes with ALOS InSAR time series

We use ALOS‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning the period of 2007–2011 to obtain time‐dependent ground deformation data over all of the volcanoes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. We detect deformation on or near the proximity of Galeras, Reventador, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, Sangay, and Cerro Auquihuato volcanoes, uncovering previously undocumented deformation in the latter three. Deformation is attributed to changes in pressurization of the volcanic systems (Galeras, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, and Cerro Auquihuato), subsidence associated with flow deposits (Reventador), and flank creep (Sangay). Our models suggest that the pressure sources are located at depths of ∼1–6 km from the surface, indicating that the measurable deformation within our data is restricted to shallow magma chambers and hydrothermal systems. Key Points: InSAR time series reveals deformation on or in the vicinity of six volcanoes Geophysical inverse models suggest magma chamber depths of 1–6 k

Forecasting mechanical failure and the 26 June 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos, Ecuador

Using recent advancements in high-performance computing data assimilation to combine satellite InSAR data with numerical models, the prolonged unrest of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos was tracked to provide a fortuitous, but successful, forecast 5 months in advance of the 26 June 2018 eruption. Subsequent numerical simulations reveal that the evolution of the stress state in the host rock surrounding the Sierra Negra magma system likely controlled eruption timing. While changes in magma reservoir pressure remained modest (<15 MPa), modeled widespread Mohr-Coulomb failure is coincident with the timing of the 26 June 2018 moment magnitude 5.4 earthquake and subsequent eruption. Coulomb stress transfer models suggest that the faulting event triggered the 2018 eruption by encouraging tensile failure along the northern portion of the caldera. These findings provide a critical framework for understanding Sierra Negra's eruption cycles and evaluating the potential and timing of future eruptions

Zusatzbelastung aus Holzheizungen

Die Schriftenreihe informiert über das Ausmaß der Luftbelastung durch Holzheizungen in einem kleinen Ort. Die gesetzlichen Grenzwerte für die Luftqualität wurden nicht überschritten. Die Zusatzbelastung im Winter insbesondere bei ultrafeinen Partikeln, Ruß und dem als krebserzeugend eingestuften Benzo(a)pyren bedeutet eine nicht unerhebliche Verschlechterung der Luftqualität. Die Ergebnisse zu den Konzentrationen von Dioxinen und Furanen im Staubniederschlag sind in einem gesonderten Bericht zusammengefasst. Der Bericht richtet sich an Fachbehörden, Wissenschaft und interessierte Bürger. Redaktionsschluss: 09.04.202

Zusatzbelastung aus Holzheizungen

Die Schriftenreihe informiert über das Ausmaß der Luftbelastung durch Holzheizungen in einem kleinen Ort. Die gesetzlichen Grenzwerte für die Luftqualität wurden nicht überschritten. Die Zusatzbelastung im Winter insbesondere bei ultrafeinen Partikeln, Ruß und dem als krebserzeugend eingestuften Benzo(a)pyren bedeutet eine nicht unerhebliche Verschlechterung der Luftqualität. Die Ergebnisse zu den Konzentrationen von Dioxinen und Furanen im Staubniederschlag sind in einem gesonderten Bericht zusammengefasst. Der Bericht richtet sich an Fachbehörden, Wissenschaft und interessierte Bürger. Redaktionsschluss: 09.04.202

Crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia results in increased degradation of α-synuclein and amyloid-β aggregates

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by brain accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha-synuclein (αSYN), respectively. In order to develop effective therapies, it is crucial to understand how the Aβ/αSYN aggregates can be cleared. Compelling data indicate that neuroinflammatory cells, including astrocytes and microglia, play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. However, how the interplay between the two cell types affects their clearing capacity and consequently the disease progression remains unclear. Methods The aim of the present study was to investigate in which way glial crosstalk influences αSYN and Aβ pathology, focusing on accumulation and degradation. For this purpose, human-induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes and microglia were exposed to sonicated fibrils of αSYN or Aβ and analyzed over time. The capacity of the two cell types to clear extracellular and intracellular protein aggregates when either cultured separately or in co-culture was studied using immunocytochemistry and ELISA. Moreover, the capacity of cells to interact with and process protein aggregates was tracked using time-lapse microscopy and a customized “close-culture” chamber, in which the apical surfaces of astrocyte and microglia monocultures were separated by a &lt;1 mm space. Results Our data show that intracellular deposits of αSYN and Aβ are significantly reduced in co-cultures of astrocytes and microglia, compared to monocultures of either cell type. Analysis of conditioned medium and imaging data from the “close-culture” chamber experiments indicate that astrocytes secrete a high proportion of their internalized protein aggregates, while microglia do not. Moreover, co-cultured astrocytes and microglia are in constant contact with each other via tunneling nanotubes and other membrane structures. Notably, our live cell imaging data demonstrate that microglia, when attached to the cell membrane of an astrocyte, can attract and clear intracellular protein deposits from the astrocyte. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of astrocyte and microglia interactions in Aβ/αSYN clearance, highlighting the relevance of glial cellular crosstalk in the progression of AD- and PD-related brain pathology.Title in thesis list of papers: Cross-talk between astrocytes and microglia results in increased degradation of α-synuclein and amyloid-β aggregates</p