Overweight and obesity among adults in Germany - Results from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS

Background: Overweight and obesity and their associated secondary diseases are of high public health relevance. Methods: Self-reported body weight and body height data are available in the study German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS). The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated and overweight (including obesity, BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were derived. Results: According to this self-report, 53.5% of adults in Germany are overweight, men more often than women. The obesity prevalence for both sexes is 19.0%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increases with age in both women and men. Obesity is significantly more prevalent in low education groups compared to high education groups. Compared to GEDA 2012, the prevalence of overweight is unchanged, but the obesity prevalence has continued to increase, particularly among 45- to 64-year-olds. Conclusion: The prevention potential of avoiding overweight and obesity remains high

How has body weight changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic?

Background: Measures for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 resulted in drastic changes in physical activity and dietary habits that also impacted body weight. Methods: The representative study German Health Update (GEDA 2021) includes self-reported information about body weight and body height for adults aged 18 years and older (n=2,985) from July to October 2021. In addition, the study asked about changes in body weight since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: For 59% of participants, body weight has not changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, 26% report weight gain, and 15% report weight loss. Younger people indicate weight gain more often than older people, and individuals with obesity report weight gain more often than individuals without obesity. 1.5 years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the average weight change within the population is approximately +0.34kg. Conclusions: The effects of restrictions in everyday life with regard to the possible negative impacts on body weight should be given greater consideration and should be monitored in the future

Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland - Ergebnisse der Studie GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS

Hintergrund: Übergewicht und Adipositas und die damit verbundenen Folgekrankheiten sind von hoher Public-Health- Relevanz. Methode: In der Studie Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) liegen Selbstangaben zu Körpergewicht und Körpergröße vor. Daraus wurde der Body-Mass-Index (BMI, kg/m2) berechnet und die Indikatoren Übergewicht (einschließlich Adipositas, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) und Adipositas (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) abgeleitet. Ergebnisse: Laut dieser Selbstauskunft sind in Deutschland 53,5 % der Erwachsenen von Übergewicht betroffen, Männer häufiger als Frauen. Die Adipositasprävalenz liegt für beide Geschlechter bei 19,0 %. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt bei Frauen und Männern die Prävalenz von Übergewicht sowie Adipositas an. Adipositas ist in unteren Bildungsgruppen im Vergleich zu oberen Bildungsgruppen deutlich häufiger zu finden. Im Vergleich zu GEDA 2012 ist die Prävalenz von Übergewicht unverändert, die Adipositasprävalenz hat jedoch weiter zugenommen, insbesondere bei den 45- bis 64-Jährig Schlussfolgerung: Das Präventionspotenzial, Übergewicht und Adipositas zu vermeiden, ist nach wie vor groß

Wie hat sich das Körpergewicht seit Beginn der COVID-19 Pandemie verändert?

Hintergrund: Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 und 2021 führten zu einschneidenden Veränderungen im Bewegungs- und Ernährungsverhalten, die sich auch auf das Körpergewicht auswirkten. Methode: In der repräsentativen Studie Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell (GEDA 2021) liegen für den Zeitraum von Juli bis Oktober 2021 Selbstangaben zu Körpergewicht und Körpergröße für Erwachsene ab 18 Jahren (N = 2.985) vor. Darüber hinaus wurde nach der Veränderung des Körpergewichts seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie gefragt. Ergebnisse: Für 59 % der Befragten hat sich das Körpergewicht seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie nicht verändert, 26 % berichten eine Gewichtszunahme und 15 % eine Gewichtsabnahme. Jüngere geben häufiger eine Gewichtszunahme an als ältere Personen und Personen mit einer Adipositas berichten häufiger eine Gewichtszunahme als Personen ohne Adipositas. 1,5 Jahre nach Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie beträgt die mittlere Gewichtsveränderung in der Bevölkerung etwa + 0,34 kg. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Folgen von Alltagseinschränkungen hinsichtlich ihrer möglichen nachteiligen Auswirkungen auf das Körpergewicht sollten in Zukunft stärker berücksichtigt und beobachtet werden

Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium

Source at http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170791Background:Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for mortality but previous meta-analyses lacked standardization of laboratory methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations and used aggregate data instead of individual participant data (IPD). We therefore performed an IPD meta-analysis on the association between standardized serum 25(OH)D and mortality.Methods:In a European consortium of eight prospective studies, including seven general population cohorts, we used the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) protocols to standardize 25(OH)D data. Meta-analyses using a one step procedure on IPD were performed to study associations of 25(OH)D with all-cause mortality as the primary outcome, and with cardiovascular and cancer mortality as secondary outcomes. This meta-analysis is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02438488.Findings:We analysed 26916 study participants (median age 61.6 years, 58% females) with a median 25(OH)D concentration of 53.8 nmol/L. During a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, 6802 persons died. Compared to participants with 25(OH)D concentrations of 75 to 99.99 nmol/L, the adjusted hazard ratios (with 95% confidence interval) for mortality in the 25(OH)D groups with 40 to 49.99, 30 to 39.99, and Interpretation:In the first IPD meta-analysis using standardized measurements of 25(OH)D we observed an association between low 25(OH)D and increased risk of all-cause mortality. It is of public health interest to evaluate whether treatment of vitamin D deficiency prevents premature deaths

Impact of nonoptimal intakes of saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat on global burdens of coronary heart disease

Background: Saturated fat (SFA), ω‐6 (n‐6) polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), and trans fat (TFA) influence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but attributable CHD mortalities by country, age, sex, and time are unclear. Methods and Results: National intakes of SFA, n‐6 PUFA, and TFA were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model based on country‐specific dietary surveys; food availability data; and, for TFA, industry reports on fats/oils and packaged foods. Etiologic effects of dietary fats on CHD mortality were derived from meta‐analyses of prospective cohorts and CHD mortality rates from the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study. Absolute and proportional attributable CHD mortality were computed using a comparative risk assessment framework. In 2010, nonoptimal intakes of n‐6 PUFA, SFA, and TFA were estimated to result in 711 800 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 680 700–745 000), 250 900 (95% UI 236 900–265 800), and 537 200 (95% UI 517 600–557 000) CHD deaths per year worldwide, accounting for 10.3% (95% UI 9.9%–10.6%), 3.6%, (95% UI 3.5%–3.6%) and 7.7% (95% UI 7.6%–7.9%) of global CHD mortality. Tropical oil–consuming countries were estimated to have the highest proportional n‐6 PUFA– and SFA‐attributable CHD mortality, whereas Egypt, Pakistan, and Canada were estimated to have the highest proportional TFA‐attributable CHD mortality. From 1990 to 2010 globally, the estimated proportional CHD mortality decreased by 9% for insufficient n‐6 PUFA and by 21% for higher SFA, whereas it increased by 4% for higher TFA, with the latter driven by increases in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Conclusions: Nonoptimal intakes of n‐6 PUFA, TFA, and SFA each contribute to significant estimated CHD mortality, with important heterogeneity across countries that informs nation‐specific clinical, public health, and policy priorities.peer-reviewe

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of “leaving no one behind”. Understanding today’s gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990–2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning