Emprego x empregabilidade?: uma análise da flexiseguranca das reformas laborais à luz da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e dos sistemas laborais na União Europeia

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito da União EuropeiaA presente Dissertação está inserida na L inha de P esquisa Constitucionalismo e Produção do Direito e tem com o objetiv o analisar a aplicação da F lexisegurança nas R eformas L aborais com base na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e do s S istema s L abora is da União Europeia. A Dissertação se justifica pelo crescimento no pensamento Político Neoliberal no Br asil e na Europa, e pela busca da redução da Taxa do Desemprego através de reformas nas Legislações Trabalhistas Nesse sentido, considerando o avanço das Políticas Neoliberais com foco em tornar o Direito do Trabalhador menos rígido, cabe apresentação de ressalvas objetivas que garantam um "mínimo existencial", isto é, observar prestações mínimas a que todo o Ser Humano deve ter acesso de modo a garantir lhe uma vida digna e um Meio Ambiente do Trabalho Equilibrado. Para tanto, o Capítulo 1 abarca um a bre ve histórica do Direito do Trabalho e uma discussão sobre a Globalização e o Neoliberalism o, seus fundamentos e consequências . O Capítulo 2 trata das Fontes do Direito do Trabalho, seus Princípios e sua colocação dentro dos Direitos Fundamentais, bem como a previsão destas Fontes e Direitos dentro da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e dos Direitos Sociais do Trabalho na Carta de Princípios Fundamentais da União Europeia . O Capítulo 3 dedica se a apresentar as Reformas Trabalhistas ocor ridas nos últimos 30 anos e que estão em discussão nesta Dissertação, com foco específico nas Reformas Trabalhistas de Brasil, Espanha, Portugal e Dinamarca, mas sem deixar de apontar outras reformas ocorridas em Países europeus. Ao fim , observou se que no caso do Brasil as Reformas não atingiram o objetivo desejado, tendo apenas precarizados os postos de trabalho, todavia, no Contexto Europeu o resultado foi diferente. Embora tivessem flexibilizado as Normas Trabalhistas e facilitado a Dispensa de Empregad os, não afrontaram diretamente as Fontes do Direito do Trabalho, mas apenas mudaram a forma de atingir os resultados pretendidos. Ainda há impedimento de Dispensas Sem Justa Causa ou Arbitrárias e os Direitos dos Trabalhadores seguem bem estabelecidos, sen do que o Estado compensou as fragilidades criadas com prestações positivas, assistencialismo e capacitação profissional . O que permitiu observar que a Flexisegurança e as Reformas , inegavelmente reduz iram Direitos d os Trabalhadores, mas não necessariamente os deixar ão desassistidos ou vulneráveis e não necessariamente afronta rão as Fontes do Direito do Trabalho. O método utilizado será o indutivo através da pesquisa bibliográfica.This Dissertation is part of the Constitutionalism and Law Production Research Line and aims to analyze the application of Flexicurity in Labor Reforms based on the Constitution of the Federative Republi c of Brazil of 1988 and the Labor Systems of the European Union. The Dissertation is justified by the growth in Neoliberal Political thought in Brazil and in Europe, and by the search for the reduction of the Unemployment Rate through reforms in Labor Laws . In this sense, considering the advancement of Neoliberal Policies with a focus on making Worker's Law less rigid, objective reservations should be made that guarantee an "existential minimum", that is, observe minimum benefits to which every Human Being must have access in a guaranteeing you a dignified life and a balanced work environment. To that end, Chapter 1 covers a brief history of Labor Law and a discussion of Globalization and Neoliberalism, its foundations and consequences. Chapter 2 deals with the Sources of Labor Law, its Principles and their placement within Fundamental Rights, as well as the provision of these Sources and Rights within the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 and the Social Labor Rights in the Charter of Fundamental Principles of the European Union. Chapter 3 is dedicated to presenting the Labor Reforms that took place in the last 30 years and are under discussion in this Dissertation, with a specific focus on the Labor Reforms of Brazil, Spain, Portugal a nd Denmark, but without forgetting to point out other reforms that occurred in European Countries. In the end, it was observed that in the case of Brazil, the reforms did not achieve the desired objective, having only made jobs precarious, however, in the European context the result was different. Although they relaxed the Labor Standards and facilitated the dismissal of employees, they did not directly confront the Sources of Labor Law, but only changed the way to achieve the desired results. There are sti ll impediments to Unjustly Caused or Arbitrary Dismissals and Workers' Rights are still well established, with the State compensating for the weaknesses created with positive benefits, assistance and professional training. This allowed us to observe that F lexicurity and Reforms undeniably reduced Workers' Rights, but will not necessarily leave them unattended or vulnerable and will not necessarily face the Sources of Labor Law. The method used will be inductive through bibliographic research

A necessidade da proteção ao meio ambiente do trabalho frente a desregulamentação da onda neoliberalista mundial: o caso da síndrome do edifício doente

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é proporcionar uma compreensão mais completa dos avanços da desregulamentação do direito do trabalho e dos impactos que este pode causar no meio ambiente de trabalho, de modo que se demonstrará a necessidade de proteção do meio ambiente do trabalho com vistas ao caso da síndrome do edifício doente, isto é, problemas relacionados a qualidade do ar e que causam diversas mazelas ao trabalhador. O artigo pretende a partir do método indutivo e com uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa bibliográfica, evidenciar como estas alterações, especialmente no que tange aos sistemas de ventilação artificial, podem representar um dano para o meio ambiente de trabalho e para a saúde do trabalhador, neste caso demonstrado pela Síndrome do Edifício Doente

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF EXTRACTS FROM THE FALSE JABORANDI (PIPER ADUNCUM)

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611704201Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and chromatographic profile of the Piper aduncum (falsejaborandi) extracts. This paper describes the investigation of the chemical composition using theleaves of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) through methods of extraction envolvind decoction,maceration and ultrasonic bath. The investigation was made by the gas chromatography-massspectrometry/SPME. From these extracts, the antioxidant activity in the presence of a free radicalDPPH was evaluated.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223611704201 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and chromatographic profile of the Piper aduncum (false jaborandi) extracts. This paper describes the investigation of the chemical composition using the leaves of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) through methods of extraction envolvind decoction, maceration and ultrasonic bath. The investigation was made by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/SPME. From these extracts, the antioxidant activity in the presence of a free radical DPPH was evaluated.

Adaptive Immunity against Leishmania Nucleoside Hydrolase Maps Its C-Terminal Domain as the Target of the CD4+ T Cell–Driven Protective Response

Nucleoside hydrolases (NHs) show homology among parasite protozoa, fungi and bacteria. They are vital protagonists in the establishment of early infection and, therefore, are excellent candidates for the pathogen recognition by adaptive immune responses. Immune protection against NHs would prevent disease at the early infection of several pathogens. We have identified the domain of the NH of L. donovani (NH36) responsible for its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against murine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Using recombinant generated peptides covering the whole NH36 sequence and saponin we demonstrate that protection against L. chagasi is related to its C-terminal domain (amino-acids 199–314) and is mediated mainly by a CD4+ T cell driven response with a lower contribution of CD8+ T cells. Immunization with this peptide exceeds in 36.73±12.33% the protective response induced by the cognate NH36 protein. Increases in IgM, IgG2a, IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies, CD4+ T cell proportions, IFN-γ secretion, ratios of IFN-γ/IL-10 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and percents of antibody binding inhibition by synthetic predicted epitopes were detected in F3 vaccinated mice. The increases in DTH and in ratios of TNFα/IL-10 CD4+ producing cells were however the strong correlates of protection which was confirmed by in vivo depletion with monoclonal antibodies, algorithm predicted CD4 and CD8 epitopes and a pronounced decrease in parasite load (90.5–88.23%; p = 0.011) that was long-lasting. No decrease in parasite load was detected after vaccination with the N-domain of NH36, in spite of the induction of IFN-γ/IL-10 expression by CD4+ T cells after challenge. Both peptides reduced the size of footpad lesions, but only the C-domain reduced the parasite load of mice challenged with L. amazonensis. The identification of the target of the immune response to NH36 represents a basis for the rationale development of a bivalent vaccine against leishmaniasis and for multivalent vaccines against NHs-dependent pathogens

Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The heavy-flavour jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV)

Evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a bottom quark–antiquark pair

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe