32 research outputs found
¿Cómo acceden las mujeres inmigrantes a los servicios sanitarios en el País Vasco? Percepciones de profesionales sanitarias
Explorar
la
percepción
de
las
profesionales
sanitarias
que
trabajan
en
centros
sani-
tarios
alternativos
sobre
las
barreras
y
los
facilitadores
en
el
acceso
de
las
mujeres
inmigrantes
a
los
servicios
sanitarios
públicos
generales
y
de
salud
sexual
y
reproductiva
en
el
País
Vasco.
Emplazamiento:
País
Vasco.
Dise
̃
no:
Análisis
de
contenido
cualitativo
basado
en
11
entrevistas
individuales.
Participantes:
Profesionales
sanitarias
que
trabajan
en
centros
sanitarios
alternativos
de
aten-
ción
primaria
y
salud
sexual
y
reproductiva.
Método:
La
recolección
de
datos
se
realizó
entre
septiembre
y
diciembre
de
2015
en
cuatro
centros
sanitarios
alternativos.
Tras
su
transcripción,
se
identificaron
unidades
de
significado,
códigos
y
categorías.
Resultados:
Del
análisis
emergieron
cuatro
categorías
que
representan
cómo
las
características
de
las
mujeres
inmigrantes
(Dime
cómo
eres
y
te
diré
cómo
accedes),
la
actitud
del
personal
administrativo
y
sanitario
(
«
Cuando
ya
les
atienden,
estupendamente.
El
problema
está
con
los
administrativos
»
),
el
funcionamiento
del
sistema
sanitario
(Sistema
de
salud
inflexible,
pasivo
y
receptor
de
necesidades)
y
las
políticas
sanitarias
(
«
Si
no
cumples
los
requisitos,
pues
no
entras.
La
ley
es
la
ley
»
)
influyen
en
el
acceso
a
los
servicios
sanitarios
públicos
de
las
mujeres
inmigrantes.
Conclusiones:
Este
estudio
indica
que
hay
un
considerable
número
de
barreras
y
pocos
facili-
tadores
en
el
acceso
de
las
mujeres
inmigrantes
a
los
servicios
sanitarios
públicos
y
de
salud
sexual
y
reproductiva
en
el
País
Vasco.
Los
centros
sanitarios
alternativos
se
presentaron
como
favorecedores
en
la
mejora
de
la
salud
de
la
población
inmigrante
y
en
su
acceso.To
determine
the
perception
of
health
professionals
working
in
alternative
health
centres
on
the
barriers
and
facilitators
in
the
access
by
immigrant
women
to
general
public
health
services
and
sexual
and
reproductive
health
in
the
Basque
Country.
Location:
Basque
Country.
Design:
Analysis
of
qualitative
content
based
on
11
individual
interviews.
Participants:
Health
professionals
working
in
alternative
health
centres
of
Primary
Care
and
sexual
and
reproductive
health.
Method:
Data
collection
was
performed
between
September
and
December
2015
in
four
alter-
native
health
centres.
After
transcription,
the
units
of
meaning,
codes
and
categories
were
identified.
Results:
Four
categories
emerged
from
the
analysis,
which
represented
how
the
characteristics
of
immigrant
women
(Tell
me
how
you
are
and
I
will
tell
you
how
to
access),
the
attitude
of
the
administrative
and
health
staff
(‘‘When
they
are
already
taken
care
of’’),
the
functioning
of
the
health
system
(Inflexible,
passive
and
needs-responsive
health
system),
and
health
policies
(‘‘If
you
do
not
meet
the
requirements,
you
do
not
go
in.
The
law
is
the
law’’)
influence
access
to
health
services
of
immigrant
women.
Conclusions:
This
study
shows
that
there
are
a
considerable
number
of
barriers
and
few
facili-
tators
to
the
access
by
immigrant
women
to
public
health
and
sexual
and
reproductive
health
services
in
the
Basque
Country.
The
alternative
health
centres
were
presented
as
favouring
the
improvement
of
the
health
of
the
immigrant
population
and
in
their
access
Nodopathies in the Early Diagnosis of Axonal Forms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
[EN] Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been classified into demyelinating and axonal subtypes or forms, such as acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and regional pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant (PCBv). Objective: To study the relationship between motor nerve conduction blocks (CBs) and prognosis in AMAN and PCBv. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed six cases of AMAN and PCBv with serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG). Results: The serial NCS (1st−2nd and 3rd week) showed, as the most constant data, a decreased amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in 100% of cases. CBs were present in 66.6% of cases. EMG (3rd week) showed signs of severe denervation in 33.3%. All patients were treated from the 1st−2nd week of evolution with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Patients with CBs (1st−2nd and 3rd week), showed reversible CBs or reversible conduction failure (RCF) and complete recovery at 1 month. Patients without CBs, with persistent reduced distal CMAP amplitude (dCMAP), showed severe acute denervation due to axonal degeneration (3rd week and 1st−3rd month) and a slow recovery of several months. Conclusions: Not all axonal forms of GBS have a poor prognosis. This study of AMAN and PCBv shows that patients with CBs can have reversible CBs or RCF, and good prognosis. Patients without CBs, with persistent reduction of dCMAP amplitude decrement, have severe acute denervation, and a worse prognosis. AMAN and PCBv have a continuous spectrum ranging from CBs due to dysfunction/disruption of Nodes of Ranvier, called nodopathies, with reversible CBs or RCF and good prognosis, to axonal degeneration with worse prognosisS
Sub-Saharan African immigrant women's experiences of (lack of) access to appropriate healthcare in the public health system in the Basque Country, Spain
BackgroundImmigrant populations face diverse barriers to accessing appropriate healthcare services on several levels. In the Basque Country, Sub-Saharan African women were identified as facing the largest barriers to access them. The aim of the study is to analyse Sub-Saharan African immigrant women's perceptions and experiences of access to appropriate healthcare in the public health system in the Basque Country, Spain.MethodsFourteen women from eight Sub-Saharan African countries who have used the Basque public healthcare services were interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was applied: meaning that units were identified, coded and the resulting codes were then organized into three categories.ResultsThe first category, Fearing to enter a health system perceived as not friendly for immigrants, included factors, mainly those related to legal conditions for accessing healthcare services and lack of lawful documentation, that made women avoid or discontinue seeking out healthcare.The second category, Being attended on professionals' own communication terms, comprised how the lack of effective communication compromised not only the access of the immigrant women to healthcare services, but also their health.Lastly, the third category, Is mistreatment based on racism or merely on bad luck? described how being an immigrant and black influenced the way they were (mis)treated in the health system.ConclusionFor Sub-Saharan African immigrant women, accessing appropriate healthcare in the Basque Country was perceived to be subject to institutional barriers. At the legal level, barriers included lack of entitlement, difficulties in fulfilling legal access conditions and lack of documentation. The lack of communication with health centre staff and their attitudes, guided by a stereotyped social image of immigrants and black people, also hindered their possibilities of receiving appropriate healthcare. Facilitators for accessing healthcare included strategies from individual professionals, personal networks and social actors to help them to cope with the barriers. There is a need of reinforcing inclusion values and rights-based approach to attention among staff at the health centres to have more non-discriminatory and culturally appropriate health systems.We thank the participants in this study who willingly shared their experiences. We also thank the NGO and social associations for their support in the recruitment of this study
CD2v interacts with Adaptor Protein AP-1 during African swine fever infection
African swine fever virus (ASFV) CD2v protein is believed to be involved in virulence enhancement, viral hemadsorption, and pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms of the function of this viral protein are still not fully understood. Here we describe that CD2v localized around viral factories during ASFV infection, suggesting a role in the generation and/or dynamics of these viral structures and hence in disturbing cellular traffic. We show that CD2v targeted the regulatory trans-Golgi network (TGN) protein complex AP-1, a key element in cellular traffic. This interaction was disrupted by brefeldin A even though the location of CD2v around the viral factory remained unchanged. CD2v-AP-1 binding was independent of CD2v glycosylation and occurred on the carboxy-terminal part of CD2v, where a canonical di-Leu motif previously reported to mediate AP-1 binding in eukaryotic cells, was identified. This motif was shown to be functionally interchangeable with the di-Leu motif present in HIV-Nef protein in an AP-1 binding assay. However, we demonstrated that it was not involved either in CD2v cellular distribution or in CD2v-AP-1 binding. Taken together, these findings shed light on CD2v function during ASFV infection by identifying AP-1 as a cellular factor targeted by CD2v and hence elucidate the cellular pathways used by the virus to enhance infectivity.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain, BFU2010-17794 (YR); European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, KBBE.2012.1.3-02-ASFORCE (YR). Ricardo Madrid was funded by an Amarauto research program and by FIS-641 PS09/01386.Peer Reviewe
From students to nurses under pressure: Nursing students' entry into employment during the first COVID-19 wave
To describe the experiences of nursing students and their mental health as they entered employment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May–June 2020). Background: As other healthcare professionals, nursing students who worked during the first COVID-19 wave suffered from dysfunctional mental health symptoms. Design: Sequential, mixed-method, multicentre study. Methods: The study population comprised 92 students in the third and fourth year of the Nursing degree at three Spanish universities, who entered employment during the pandemic. Data were collected between May and June 2020. In the quantitative phase, data were collected using an online questionnaire containing both validated anxiety and stress scales. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data were carried out, and analyses were combined. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. Results: The combined quantitative and qualitative results were organised into five thematic areas: (1) Interruption of clinical placements, (2) Entering employment on a healthcare assistant contract, (3) Preventing contagion, (4) Adapting to the situation and managing emotions, and (5) Lessons learned. Conclusion: The students had a positive overall experience of entering employment, as they were able to develop their nursing skills. However, they had an emotional impact in form of stress caused by excessive responsibility, academic uncertainty, lack of personal protective equipment and training in its use, and the possibility of spreading disease to their family members. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In the current context, changes must be made in study programmes to instruct nursing students to be able to cope with extreme clinical situations, such as pandemics. The programmes should include a more extensive coverage of epidemics and pandemics and management of emotional aspects such as resilienc
A specific gut microbiota signature is associated with an enhanced GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion and improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Objective: To determine changes in incretins, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and microbiome modifications 12 months after metabolic RYGB (mRYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relationship with metabolic improvement. Materials and methods: Prospective single-center non-randomized controlled study, including patients with class II-III obesity and T2D undergoing mRYGB. At baseline and one year after surgery we performed body composition measurements, biochemical analysis, a meal tolerance test (MTT) and lipid test (LT) with determination of the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GLP-2, and fasting determinations of succinate, zonulin, IL-6 and study of gut microbiota. Results: Thirteen patients aged 52.6 ± 6.5 years, BMI 39.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.62 ± 1.5% were evaluated. After mRYGB, zonulin decreased and an increase in AUC after MTT was observed for GLP-1 (pre 9371 ± 5973 vs post 15788 ± 8021 pM, P<0.05), GLP-2 (pre 732 ± 182 vs post 1190 ± 447 ng/ml, P<0.001) and C- peptide, as well as after LT. Species belonging to Streptococaceae, Akkermansiacea, Rickenellaceae, Sutterellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacterales_uc, and Fusobacteriaceae families increased after intervention and correlated positively with AUC of GLP-1 and GLP-2, and negatively with glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and adiposity markers. Clostridium perfringens and Roseburia sp. 40_7 behaved similarly. In contrast, some species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotricaceae, and Rumnicocaceae families decreased and showed opposite correlations. Higher initial C-peptide was the only predictor for T2D remission, which was achieved in 69% of patients. Conclusions: Patients with obesity and T2D submitted to mRYGB show an enhanced incretin response, a reduced gut permeability and a metabolic improvement, associated with a specific microbiota signature
Fish Oil Enriched Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Reduce Triglyceride Levels in Non-Critically Ill Patients with TPN and Type 2 Diabetes. A Post-Hoc Analysis of the INSUPAR Study
There are no studies that have specifically assessed the role of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE) enriched with fish oil in people with diabetes receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic control (glycemic and lipid) and in-hospital complications that occurred in non-critically ill inpatients with TPN and type 2 diabetes with regard to the use of fish oil emulsions compared with other ILEs. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the Insulin in Parenteral Nutrition (INSUPAR) trial that included patients who started with TPN for any cause and that would predictably continue with TPN for at least five days. The study included 161 patients who started with TPN for any cause. There were 80 patients (49.7%) on fish oil enriched ILEs and 81 patients (50.3%) on other ILEs. We found significant decreases in triglyceride levels in the fish oil group compared to the other patients. We did not find any differences in glucose metabolic control: mean capillary glucose, glycemic variability, and insulin dose, except in the number of mild hypoglycemic events that was significantly higher in the fish oil group. We did not observe any differences in other metabolic, liver or infectious complications, in-hospital length of stay or mortality
A specific gut microbiota signature is associated with an enhanced GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion and improved metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metabolic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
ObjectiveTo determine changes in incretins, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability and microbiome modifications 12 months after metabolic RYGB (mRYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relationship with metabolic improvement.Materials and methodsProspective single-center non-randomized controlled study, including patients with class II-III obesity and T2D undergoing mRYGB. At baseline and one year after surgery we performed body composition measurements, biochemical analysis, a meal tolerance test (MTT) and lipid test (LT) with determination of the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GLP-2, and fasting determinations of succinate, zonulin, IL-6 and study of gut microbiota.ResultsThirteen patients aged 52.6 ± 6.5 years, BMI 39.3 ± 1.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.62 ± 1.5% were evaluated. After mRYGB, zonulin decreased and an increase in AUC after MTT was observed for GLP-1 (pre 9371 ± 5973 vs post 15788 ± 8021 pM, P<0.05), GLP-2 (pre 732 ± 182 vs post 1190 ± 447 ng/ml, P<0.001) and C- peptide, as well as after LT. Species belonging to Streptococaceae, Akkermansiacea, Rickenellaceae, Sutterellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacterales_uc, and Fusobacteriaceae families increased after intervention and correlated positively with AUC of GLP-1 and GLP-2, and negatively with glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides and adiposity markers. Clostridium perfringens and Roseburia sp. 40_7 behaved similarly. In contrast, some species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotricaceae, and Rumnicocaceae families decreased and showed opposite correlations. Higher initial C-peptide was the only predictor for T2D remission, which was achieved in 69% of patients.ConclusionsPatients with obesity and T2D submitted to mRYGB show an enhanced incretin response, a reduced gut permeability and a metabolic improvement, associated with a specific microbiota signature
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Additionality Effects of Rebate Programs in the Residential Water Sector: Indoor vs. Outdoor
Rebate programs are often used in the residential water sector to alleviate market failures that may hamper the adoption of water-efficient technologies. In this paper, we examine whether several rebate programs stimulate or crowd out private investment in indoor and outdoor technologies. To do so, we use a panel of household-level data from a water district in Southern California for the period 2014–2015. Our results indicate that, while all the rebate programs considered in the analysis increase private investment in water-efficient technologies, only outdoor rebate programs generate further private investment in other outdoor technologies