Efeitos da cadeia produtiva mineral sobre os territórios: Uma análise dos casos do Banco de Dados Recursos Minerais e Territórios do CETEM / Effects of the mineral production chain on territories: An analysis of the cases of CETEM's Database of Mineral Resources and Territories

A ampliação global dos investimentos no setor de infraestrutura nas últimas décadas, impulsionado especialmente pela expansão econômica da China, gerou também o aumento da demanda internacional por recursos naturais. Com a expansão desse mercado, o Brasil se tornou um dos principais exportadores de minérios, chegando a ocupar o segundo lugar no ranking mundial em 2013. Neste cenário, o presente artigo mostra alguns aspectos dos impactos que essa expansão da cadeia produtiva mineral brasileira gerou sobre os territórios. A partir das informações disponibilizados pelo Banco de Dados Recursos Minerais e Territórios do Centro de Tecnologia Mineral (CETEM/MCTI), serão apresentadas a distribuição geográfica dos casos, a incidência das substâncias minerais nesses casos e em quais categorias e tipologias de impactos eles estão classificados

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mineração de ferro no Brasil: conflitos ambientais e neoextrativismo

O aumento expressivo no preço das commodities no mercado internacional, no início do século XXI, refletiu em um vasto período de crescimento econômico para os países mínero-exportadores da América Latina marcado pela superexploração da Natureza, e definido por alguns autores como neoextrativismo. No Brasil, durante esse estágio, o setor mineral recebeu investimentos que possibilitaram a ampliação da sua capacidade de produção, sobretudo na mineração de ferro que, apesar de se destacar no setor, está atrelada a problemáticas como os conflitos ambientais. Nesse sentido, o trabalho de conclusão de curso (TCC) tem como objetivo central analisar a dinâmica da mineração de ferro em relação ao territórios e comunidades — perpassada pelos mais diversos conflitos — a partir dos casos registrados formalmente no Banco de Dados de Recursos Minerais e Territórios (BDRMT), do Centro de Tecnologia Mineral (CETEM). A metodologia do TCC abrange desde a revisão bibliográfica no tema e conceitos-chave, à coleta e análise quali-quantitativa dos casos envolvendo a mineração de ferro, detectando os conflitos e/ou impactos ambientais negativos, os atores envolvidos nas ocorrências e os contextos geopolíticos. Os resultados apresentam uma grande concentração de ocorrências enquadradas nas categorias “Impactos socioeconômicos” e “Impactos ao meio físico biótico”. Além disso, a distribuição de ocorrências por grupo afetado mostrou que “Comunidades tradicionais” são mais atingidas e, logo em seguida, "População de pequenos núcleos urbanos”. No que tange às empresas envolvidas nos conflitos, 53,8% são de origem brasileira, sendo a Vale presente em mais ocorrências identificadas.58 f

Studies of the resonance structure in D0→K∓π±π±π∓D^{0} \rightarrow K^\mp \pi ^\pm \pi ^\pm \pi ^\mp decays

International audienceAmplitude models are constructed to describe the resonance structure of ${D^{0}\rightarrow K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}}$ and ${D^{0} \rightarrow K^{+}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{+}}$ decays using pp collision data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0  $fb^{-1}$ . The largest contributions to both decay amplitudes are found to come from axial resonances, with decay modes $D^{0} \rightarrow a_1(1260)^{+} K^{-}$ and $D^{0} \rightarrow K_1(1270/1400)^{+} \pi ^{-}$ being prominent in ${D^{0}\rightarrow K^{-}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{+}\pi ^{-}}$ and $D^{0}\rightarrow K^{+}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{-}\pi ^{+}$ , respectively. Precise measurements of the lineshape parameters and couplings of the $a_1(1260)^{+}$ , $K_1(1270)^{-}$ and $K(1460)^{-}$ resonances are made, and a quasi model-independent study of the $K(1460)^{-}$ resonance is performed. The coherence factor of the decays is calculated from the amplitude models to be $R_{K3\pi } = 0.459\pm 0.010\,(\mathrm {stat}) \pm 0.012\,(\mathrm {syst}) \pm 0.020\,(\mathrm {model})$ , which is consistent with direct measurements. These models will be useful in future measurements of the unitary-triangle angle $\gamma$ and studies of charm mixing and $C\!P$ violation

First measurement of the CPCP-violating phase ϕsdd‾\phi_s^{d\overline{d}} in Bs0→(K+π−)(K−π+)B_s^0\to(K^+\pi^-)(K^-\pi^+) decays

International audienceA flavour-tagged decay-time-dependent amplitude analysis of B$_{s}^{0}$  → (K$^{+}$π$^{−}$)(K$^{−}$π$^{+}$) decays is presented in the K$^{±}$π$^{∓}$ mass range from 750 to 1600MeV/c$^{2}$. The analysis uses pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{−1}$. Several quasi-two-body decay modes are considered, corresponding to K$^{±}$π$^{∓}$ combinations with spin 0, 1 and 2, which are dominated by the K$_{0}^{*}$ (800)$^{0}$ and K$_{0}^{*}$ (1430)$^{0}$, the K$^{*}$(892)$^{0}$ and the K$_{2}^{*}$ (1430)$^{0}$ resonances, respectively. The longitudinal polarisation fraction for the ${B}_s^0\to {K}^{\ast }(892){}^{\circ}{\overline{K}}^{\ast }{(892)}^0$ decay is measured as f$_{L}$ = 0.208 ± 0.032 ± 0.046, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The first measurement of the mixing-induced CP-violating phase, ${\phi}_s^{d\overline{d}}$ , in $b\to d\overline{d}s$ transitions is performed, yielding a value of ${\phi}_s^{d\overline{d}}=-0.10\pm 0.13\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.14$ (syst) rad

Measurement of CPCP asymmetry in Bs0→Ds∓K±B_s^0 \to D_s^{\mp} K^{\pm} decays

International audienceWe report the measurements of the CP -violating parameters in B$_{s}^{0}$  → D$_{s}^{∓}$ K$^{±}$ decays observed in pp collisions, using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{−1}$ recorded with the LHCb detector. We measure C$_{f}$ = 0.73 ± 0.14 ± 0.05, A$_{f}^{ΔΓ}$  = 0.39 ± 0.28 ± 0.15, ${A}_{\overline{f}}^{\varDelta \varGamma }=0.31\pm 0.28\pm 0.15$ , S$_{f}$ = −0.52 ± 0.20 ± 0.07, ${S}_{\overline{f}}=-0.49\pm 0.20\pm 0.07$ , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These parameters are used together with the world-average value of the B$_{s}^{0}$ mixing phase, −2β$_{s}$ , to obtain a measurement of the CKM angle γ from B$_{s}^{0}$  → D$_{s}^{∓}$ K$^{±}$ decays, yielding γ = (128$_{− 22}^{+ 17}$ )° modulo 180°, where the uncertainty contains both statistical and systematic contributions. This corresponds to 3.8 σ evidence for CP violation in the interference between decay and decay after mixing

Search for excited Bc+B_{c}^{+} states

International audienceA search is performed in the invariant mass spectrum of the B$_{c}^{+}$ π$^{+}$π$^{−}$ system for the excited B$_{c}^{+}$ states B$_{c}$ (2$^{1}$S$_{0}$)$^{+}$ and B$_{c}$ (2$^{3}$S$_{1}$)$^{+}$ using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at the centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{−1}$. No evidence is seen for either state. Upper limits on the ratios of the production cross-sections of the B$_{c}$ (2$^{1}$S$_{0}$)$^{+}$ and B$_{c}$ (2$^{3}$S$_{1}$)$^{+}$ states times the branching fractions of B$_{c}$ (2$^{1}$S$_{0}$)$^{+}$ → B$_{c}^{+}$ π$^{+}$π$^{−}$ and B$_{c}$ (2$^{3}$S$_{1}$)$^{+}$ → B_{c}^{*}^{+}π$^{+}$π$^{−}$ over the production cross-section of the B$_{c}^{+}$ state are given as a function of their masses. They are found to be between 0.02 and 0.14 at 95% confidence level for B$_{c}$ (2$^{1}$S$_{0}$)$^{+}$ and B$_{c}$ (2$^{3}$S$_{1}$)$^{+}$ in the mass ranges [6830, 6890] MeV/c$^{2}$ and [6795, 6890] MeV/c$^{2}$, respectively

A measurement of the CPCP asymmetry difference in Λc+→pK−K+\varLambda_{c}^{+} \to pK^{-}K^{+} and pπ−π+p\pi^{-}\pi^{+} decays

International audienceThe difference between the CP asymmetries in the decays Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pK$^{−}$K$^{+}$ and Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pπ$^{−}$π$^{+}$ is presented. Proton-proton collision data taken at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV collected by the LHCb detector in 2011 and 2012 are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{−1}$. The Λ$_{c}^{+}$ candidates are reconstructed as part of the Λ$_{b}^{0}$  → Λ$_{c}^{+}$ μ$^{−}$X decay chain. In order to maximize the cancellation of production and detection asymmetries in the difference, the final-state kinematic distributions of the two samples are aligned by applying phase-space-dependent weights to the Λ$_{c}^{+}$  → pπ$^{−}$π$^{+}$ sample. This alters the definition of the integrated CP asymmetry to A$_{CP}^{wgt}$ (pπ$^{−}$π$^{+}$). Both samples are corrected for reconstruction and selection efficiencies across the five-dimensional Λ$_{c}^{+}$ decay phase space. The difference in CP asymmetries is found to b

Search for Bc+ decays to two charm mesons

A search for decays of $B_c^+$ mesons to two charm mesons is performed for the first time using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The decays considered are $B_c^+\to D^{(*)+}_{(s)} \overline{D}^{(*)0}$ and $B_c^+\to D^{(*)+}_{(s)} D^{(*)0}$, which are normalised to high-yield $B^+\to D^+_{(s)} \overline{D}^0$ decays. No evidence for a signal is found and limits are set on twelve $B_c^+$ decay modes

Updated determination of D0D^0-D‾0\overline{D}{}^0 mixing and CP violation parameters with D0→K+π−D^0\to K^+\pi^- decays

International audienceWe report measurements of charm-mixing parameters based on the decay-time-dependent ratio of D0→K+π- to D0→K-π+ rates. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment from 2011 through 2016. Assuming charge-parity (CP) symmetry, the mixing parameters are determined to be x′2=(3.9±2.7)×10-5, y′=(5.28±0.52)×10-3, and RD=(3.454±0.031)×10-3. Without this assumption, the measurement is performed separately for D0 and D¯0 mesons, yielding a direct CP-violating asymmetry AD=(-0.1±9.1)×10-3, and magnitude of the ratio of mixing parameters 1.00<|q/p|<1.35 at the 68.3% confidence level. All results include statistical and systematic uncertainties and improve significantly upon previous single-measurement determinations. No evidence for CP violation in charm mixing is observed