Spatio-Temporal Visualization of Peatlands Changes

Increased deforestation and draining of peatlands with the started of the drainage occurs quickly makes the availability of peatlands as carbon storage is even more alarming. The presence of peat land conversion greatly affect the hydrological balance of the ecosystem. The conversion of peatland have the massive effect with the increase of drainage constructions for land cultivation needs. This makes the neighborhood unity peat hydrology (KHG) which is wet into dry so prone to burning and experiencing land subsidence. Information of peatland degradation is presented in the spatio - temporal visualization using Space Time Cube (STC). The usability in order to determine the extent of the spatio - temporal visualization can be used by users to obtaining information peatland degradation in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction for users. Drainage density built on KHG getting bigger every year with the index of medium density classification. Increasing the number of long-drainage occurs at 119.4934 km per year from 2000 to 2008 and 148.6954 km per year from 2008 to 2012. Based on observations in 12 years has increased the number of distribution Hotspot significantly in February. In May and September the spread of hotspots increased by the average number of hotspots at 15 points per month. The drainage development’s and distribution of hotspot has dominant occurs at the HTI in the KHG Peatland degradation is presented in Visualization spatio-temporal, which visualization is very effective, fairly efficient, and give satisfaction to the users in displaying information peatland degradation in time series

The Yeast Heat Shock Transcription Factor Changes Conformation in Response to Superoxide and Temperature

In vitro DNA-binding assays demonstrate that the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can adopt an altered conformation when stressed. This conformation, reflected in a change in electrophoretic mobility, requires that two HSF trimers be bound to DNA. Single trimers do not show this change, which appears to represent an alteration in the cooperative interactions between trimers. HSF isolated from stressed cells displays a higher propensity to adopt this altered conformation. Purified HSF can be stimulated in vitro to undergo the conformational change by elevating the temperature or by exposing HSF to superoxide anion. Mutational analysis maps a region critical for this conformational change to the flexible loop between the minimal DNA-binding domain and the flexible linker that joins the DNA-binding domain to the trimerization domain. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the induction of the heat shock response by ischemic stroke, hypoxia, and recovery from anoxia, all known to stimulate the production of superoxide

Identifikasi Struktur Geologi dan Petrografi di sekitar Observatorium Astronomi Lampung Gunung Betung

Lampung Astronomical Observatory (LAO) is located on Betung Mountain which is quite close to the Semangko active fault zone. Betung Mountain is part of the Bukit Barisan which is located west of the city of Bandar Lampung. This mountain has an altitude of about 1200 meters above sea level. There are 6 interesting stations. Most of the stations are located on the upper slopes of Betung Mountain. In the Talang Aji area, there are 2 springs. The other 4 stations consist of waterfalls with varying heights: Talang Teluk waterfall (30 m), Talang Rabun waterfall (20 m), Betung waterfall consists of two minor terraced waterfalls with a height of 5 and 10 m respectively, and Kubu Jambu waterfall (12 m). In general, the orientation of the faults of Mt. Betung was northeast-southwest. The faults are also associated with several waterfalls found in the field. From the joint data processing, it can be interpreted that the fault formed on Betung Mountain is normal. The lithology of Betung Mountain is dominated by volcanic deposits in the form of tuffs. In certain rivers, there are outcrops of lava igneous rock in the form of Andesites. Andesite lava in the northern and southern parts of Betung Mountain has different characteristics

IDENTIFIKASI KAWASAN RAWAN LONGSOR BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK BATUAN PENYUSUN DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

Kota Bandar Lampung memiliki topografi yang cukup beragam berupa lembah maupun punggungan bukit, dalam perkembangannya banyak kawasan pemukiman yang tersebar diantara perbukitan. Bencana longsor merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Perlu adanya kajian daerah rawan longsor beserta mitigasi bencana secara spesifik yang menjadi langkah konkrit dalam mengurangi angka korban jiwa maupun materi. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi rawan bencana longsor, yaitu: tingkat kemiringan dari kelerengan, tutupan lahan, jenis batuan dan tanah, serta didukung dengan data kejadian sebelumnya. Gambaran permukaan bumi khususnya daerah rawan longsor dapat direpresentasikan dalam peta, diawali dengan disusunnya dataset fundamental berdasarkan parameter yang berpengaruh kejadian longsor. Setiap parameter yang mempengaruhi kejadian longsor yang digunakan memiliki besar bobot yang berbeda dan terangkum dalam metode tumpang susun (Overlay). Meninjau area rawan di Kota Bandar Lampung terdapat sisa endapan gunungapi menghasilkan geomorfologi bukit terjal dimana penyusun batuannya adalah tuff dan breksi, yang kini bisa diamati di Kota Bandar Lampung, diantaranya adalah Bukit Sulah Sukarame, Bukit Koga Kedaton, Bukit Kaliawi dan Bukit Randu Tanjungkarang. Selain itu, terdapatnya banyak sesar yang berarah NW-SW sejajar orientasi Teluk Lampung, beberapa bukit di sekitarnya memiliki morfologi dengan curam. Batuan penyusunnya pun memiliki banyak rekahan, sehingga cenderung menjadikan lereng menjadi tidak stabil. Inilah yang membuat beberapa daerah di Kota Bandar Lampung rawan terjadi longsor

Preliminary Result: Identification of Landslides using Electrical Resistivity Tomography Case Study Mt. Betung

Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), ITB and local governments had been cooperated in establishing an astronomy observatory of ITERA Lampung (OAIL), which was located at Mt. Betung in the Pasawaran area. Geological setting of this area showed that the dominant lithology of Mt. Betung is pyroclastic, andesite, and breccia rocks. These volcanic deposits have the potential to move the materials down-slope by the force of gravity, steep slope, and high water-content. We have investigated some area with the potential of a landslide along OAIL construction area, which may be the cause of the landslip as well. We applied electrical resistivity tomography to analyse the electrical properties of the subsurface soil and determine the vulnerable area of the landslide. The result indicated that the area is divided into high resistivity at the top of the soil and low resistivity below. These high resistivity numbers are caused by pyroclastic flow while the lower one is caused by fracture-filled, mostly with water and clay

MicroRNAs and their isomiRs function cooperatively to target common biological pathways

Background: Variants of microRNAs (miRNAs), called isomiRs, are commonly reported in deep-sequencing studies; however, the functional significance of these variants remains controversial. Observational studies show that isomiR patterns are non-random, hinting that these molecules could be regulated and therefore functional, although no conclusive biological role has been demonstrated for these molecules. Results: To assess the biological relevance of isomiRs, we have performed ultra-deep miRNA-seq on ten adult human tissues, and created an analysis pipeline called miRNA-MATE to align, annotate, and analyze miRNAs and their isomiRs. We find that isomiRs share sequence and expression characteristics with canonical miRNAs, and are generally strongly correlated with canonical miRNA expression. A large proportion of isomiRs potentially derive from AGO2 cleavage independent of Dicer. We isolated polyribosome-associated mRNA, captured the mRNA-bound miRNAs, and found that isomiRs and canonical miRNAs are equally associated with translational machinery. Finally, we transfected cells with biotinylated RNA duplexes encoding isomiRs or their canonical counterparts and directly assayed their mRNA targets. These studies allow us to experimentally determine genome-wide mRNA targets, and these experiments showed substantial overlap in functional mRNA networks suppressed by both canonical miRNAs and their isomiRs. Conclusions: Together, these results find isomiRs to be biologically relevant and functionally cooperative partners of canonical miRNAs that act coordinately to target pathways of functionally related genes. This work exposes the complexity of the miRNA-transcriptome, and helps explain a major miRNA paradox: how specific regulation of biological processes can occur when the specificity of miRNA targeting is mediated by only 6 to 11 nucleotides

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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