Increasing of exactness measuring sensors in control systems by technological processes

In paper presented ways to increasing exactness o f technological parameters control for capacity sensors in control system by technological processes

ДИНАМІКА МАСИ ТІЛА ЗА УМОВ ДІЄТ З ВИСОКИМ ВМІСТОМ ЖИРІВ В ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТІ

Причини епідемії ожиріння, що виникла за останні десятиліття, до кінця не вивчені, проте варто визнати, що на збільшення маси тіла у першу чергу впливає склад продуктів харчування.Останнім часом спостерігається збільшення вживання висококалорійної їжі із високим вмістом жирів [1]. Також змінився і спосіб життя, щопов’язано із широким використанням моторизованого транспорту, зміною характеру праці, що не потребує значних фізичних зусиль. Такий мало-рухливий спосіб життя супроводжується зниженням енергозатрат [2]. Внаслідок таких змін у структурі харчування і у способі життя, захворювання, пов’язані із харчуванням, зокрема ожиріння, цукровий діабет 2 типу, серцево-судинні захворювання тощо стають усе більш важливими причинами інвалідності і передчасної смерті як у країнах, що розвиваються, так і у розвинутих країнах [3]. Саме тому велике значення в запобіганні розвитку ожиріння має корекція раціонів харчування, а медичним працівникам (насамперед сімейним лікарям) у цих заходах належить провідна і координуюча роль

Vapour reactive distillation process for hydrogen production by hi decomposition from hi-i2-h2o solutions

In this contribution, a sequential and hierarchical approach for the feasibility analysis and the preliminary design of reactive distillation columns is extended to systems involving vapour phase chemical reaction and is successfully applied to the HI vapour phase decomposition to produce H2. The complex phase and physico chemical behaviour of the quaternary HI-H2-I2-H2O system is represented by the Neumann’s thermodynamic model and instantaneous vapour phase chemical equilibrium is assumed. Then, from minimal information concerning the physicochemical properties of the system, three successive steps lead to the design of the unit and the specification of its operating conditions: the feasibility analysis, the synthesis and the design step. First, the analysis of reactive condensation curve map method (rCCM), assuming infinite internal liquid and vapour flow rate and infinite reflux ratio, is used to assess the feasibility of the process. It determines the column structure and estimates the attainable compositions. These results are used as inputs data for the synthesis step. Based on the boundary value design method (BVD), considering finite internal liquid and vapour flow rate and finite reflux ratio while neglecting all thermal effects and assuming a constant heat of vaporisation, the synthesis step provides more precise information about the process configuration (minimum reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, localisation and number of reactive plates, position of the feed plate). Finally, the BVD method results are used to initialise rigorous simulations, based on an equilibrium stage model with energy balance, to estimate the reflux ratio taking into account thermal effect on the process. The resulting design configuration consists in a single feed and entirely reactive distillation column. The column operates under a pressure of 22 bars. The feed of the reactive distillation column, coming from the Bunsen reaction section [xHI=0.10; xI2=0.39 xH2O=0.51], is at its boiling temperature. The residue consists in pure iodine. Water and produced hydrogen are recovered at the distillate. The column operates at a reflux ratio of 5 and is composed of 11 theoretical plates including the reboiler and the partial condenser with the feed at the stage 10 (counted downwards). The obtained HI dissociation yield is 99.6%

Heterogeneous Extractive Batch Distillation of Chloroform - Methanol – Water : Feasibility and Experiments

A novel heterogeneous extractive distillation process is considered for separating the azeotropic mixture chloroform – methanol in a batch rectifying column, including for the first time an experimental validation of the process. Heterogeneous heavy entrainer water is selected inducing an unstable ternary heteroazeotrope and a saddle binary heteroazeotrope with chloroform (ternary diagram class 2.1-2b). Unlike to well-known heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process and thanks to continuous water feeding at the column top, the saddle binary heteroazeotrope chloroform – water is obtained at the column top, condensed and further split into the liquid – liquid decanter where the chloroform-rich phase is drawn as distillate. First, feasibility analysis is carried out by using a simplified differential model in the extractive section for determining the proper range of the entrainer flowrate and the reflux ratio. The operating conditions and reflux policy are validated by rigorous simulation with ProSim Batch Column® where technical features of a bench scale distillation column have been described. Six reproducible experiments are run in the bench scale column matching the simulated operating conditions with two sequentially increasing reflux ratio values. Simulation and experiments agree well. With an average molar purity higher than 99%, more than 85% of recovery yield was obtained for chloroform and methanol

Heterogeneous Batch Distillation Processes: Real System Optimisation

In this paper, optimisation of batch distillation processes is considered. It deals with real systems with rigorous simulation of the processes through the resolution full MESH differential algebraic equations. Specific software architecture is developed, based on the BatchColumn® simulator and on both SQP and GA numerical algorithms, and is able to optimise sequential batch columns as long as the column transitions are set. The efficiency of the proposed optimisation tool is illustrated by two case studies. The first one concerns heterogeneous batch solvent recovery in a single distillation column and shows that significant economical gains are obtained along with improved process conditions. Case two concerns the optimisation of two sequential homogeneous batch distillation columns and demonstrates the capacity to optimize several sequential dynamic different processes. For such multiobjective complex problems, GA is preferred to SQP that is able to improve specific GA solutions

Prevention of death of children left in a closed vehicle

In this article we will try to understand how children are in a closed car and what happens to the child’s body at this moment.В этой статье мы постараемся разобрать как предотвратить гибель детей в закрытом автомобиле и что происходит с организмом ребенка в этот момент

Emergence of HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs in HIV-infected children

This research was aimed to reveal risk factors in the emergence of HIV drug resistance among children at risk of perinatal infection with different schemes of antiretroviral drug administration. Retrospective analysis of the out-patients' cards was performed for the HIV-infected children in Sverdlovsk district, who were tested by HIV genetic sequence analysis for antiretroviral resistance in 2009 - 2010. It was shown that HIV resistance in children, who received antiretroviral therapy only in the perinatal period, was detected in a few cases. Antiretroviral therapy scheme with administration of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors appeared to be less robust to the emergence of drug resistance than the schemes with protease inhibitors. In case of HIV resistance to one drug, cross-resistance to the drugs of the same class appears.Целью работы явилось выявление факторов риска развития резистентности ВИН к антиретровирусным препаратам в зависимости от схем их применения у детей с перинатальной ВИЧ инфекцией. Проведен ретроспективный анализ амбулаторных карт ВИЧ-инфицированных детей Свердловской области, обследованных методом генетического секвенирования ВИЧ в 2009 - 2010 годах на устойчивость ВИЧ к антиретровирусным препаратам. Показано, что резистентность ВИЧ у детей, получавших АРВП только с профилактической целью в перинатальном периоде, выявляется в единичных случаях. Антиретровирусная терапия (АРВТ) с применением схемы, включающей ненуклеозидные ингибиторы обратной транскриптазы менее устойчива к развитию резистентности, чем схемы с ингибиторами протеазы. В случае возникновения устойчивости развивается перекрестная резистентность к другим препаратам зтого класса

Comprehensive assessment of physical development and health of children under 3 years old with kidney disease

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the physical development and health of children with kidney disease according to the primary documentation (form №112/y). The study assessed the health criteria of children aged 0 to 36 months with acute and chronic kidney disease.В статье представлены результаты исследования комплексной оценки физического развития и состояния здоровья детей с заболеваниями почек по данным первичной документации (форма №112/у). По результатам исследования дана оценка критериев здоровья детей в возрасте от 0 до 36 месяцев с острой и хронической патологией почек

Comprehensive assessment of physical development and health of children under 3 years old with kidney disease

The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the physical development and health of children with kidney disease according to the primary documentation (form №112/y). The study assessed the health criteria of children aged 0 to 36 months with acute and chronic kidney disease.В статье представлены результаты исследования комплексной оценки физического развития и состояния здоровья детей с заболеваниями почек по данным первичной документации (форма №112/у). По результатам исследования дана оценка критериев здоровья детей в возрасте от 0 до 36 месяцев с острой и хронической патологией почек

Analysis of causes of perinatal transmission of HIV infection in the group of children born in 2008-2010 years in Sverdlovsk region

The results of epidemiological investigations and medical histories of 246 HIV-infected children born in Sverdlovsk region in 2008-2010 years were analyzed in order to identify the causes of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. Measures for decreasing of HIV transmission from mother to a child were developed.Проанализированы результаты эпидемиологических расследований и историй болезни 246 ВИЧ-инфицированных детей, родившихся в Свердловской области в 2008-2010 гг., с целью выявления причин перинатальной передачи ВИЧ-инфекции. Разработан комплекс мероприятий, направленных на снижение передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребёнку