1,282 research outputs found
Distribution of Maximum Earthquake Magnitudes in Future Time Intervals, Application to the Seismicity of Japan (1923-2007)
We modify the new method for the statistical estimation of the tail
distribution of earthquake seismic moments introduced by Pisarenko et al.
[2009] and apply it to the earthquake catalog of Japan (1923-2007). The method
is based on the two main limit theorems of the theory of extreme values and on
the derived duality between the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) and
Generalized Extreme Value distribution (GEV). We obtain the distribution of
maximum earthquake magnitudes in future time intervals of arbitrary duration
tau. This distribution can be characterized by its quantile Qq(tau) at any
desirable statistical level q. The quantile Qq(tau) provides a much more stable
and robust characteristic than the traditional absolute maximum magnitude Mmax
(Mmax can be obtained as the limit of Qq(tau) as q tends to 1, and tau tends to
infinity). The best estimates of the parameters governing the distribution of
Qq(tay) for Japan (1923-2007) are the following: Form parameter for GEV =
-0.1901 +- 0.0717; position parameter GEV(tau=200)= 6.3387 +- 0.0380; spread
parameter for GEV(tau=200)= 0.5995 +- 0.0223; Q_0.90,GEV(tau=10)= 8.34 +- 0.32.
We also estimate Qq(tau) for a set of q-values and future time periods in the
range for tau between 1 and 50 years from 2007. For comparison, the absolute
maximum estimate Mmax from GEV, which is equal to 9.57 +- 0.86, has a scatter
more than twice that of the 90 percent quantile Q_{0.90,GEV}(tau=10) of the
maximum magnitude over the next 10 years counted from 2007.Comment: 15 pages + 10 figure
On the Correct Use of Statistical Tests: Reply to "Lies, damned lies and statistics (in Geology)"
In a Forum published in EOS Transactions AGU (2009) entitled "Lies, damned
lies and statistics (in Geology)", Vermeesch (2009) claims that "statistical
significant is not the same as geological significant", in other words,
statistical tests may be misleading. In complete contradiction, we affirm that
statistical tests are always informative. We detail the several mistakes of
Vermeesch in his initial paper and in his comments to our reply. The present
text is developed in the hope that it can serve as an illuminating pedagogical
exercise for students and lecturers to learn more about the subtleties,
richness and power of the science of statistics.Comment: 7 pages and 1 figure: This text expands considerably the short text
published under the same title in Eos Transactions AGU, Vol. 92, No. 8, page
64, 22 February 201
Rigorous statistical detection and characterization of a deviation from the Gutenberg-Richter distribution above magnitude 8 in subduction zones
We present a quantitative statistical test for the presence of a crossover c0
in the Gutenberg-Richter distribution of earthquake seismic moments, separating
the usual power law regime for seismic moments less than c0 from another faster
decaying regime beyond c0. Our method is based on the transformation of the
ordered sample of seismic moments into a series with uniform distribution under
condition of no crossover. The bootstrap method allows us to estimate the
statistical significance of the null hypothesis H0 of an absence of crossover
(c0=infinity). When H0 is rejected, we estimate the crossover c0 using two
different competing models for the second regime beyond c0 and the bootstrap
method. For the catalog obtained by aggregating 14 subduction zones of the
Circum Pacific Seismic Belt, our estimate of the crossover point is log(c0)
=28.14 +- 0.40 (c0 in dyne-cm), corresponding to a crossover magnitude mW=8.1
+- 0.3. For separate subduction zones, the corresponding estimates are much
more uncertain, so that the null hypothesis of an identical crossover for all
subduction zones cannot be rejected. Such a large value of the crossover
magnitude makes it difficult to associate it directly with a seismogenic
thickness as proposed by many different authors in the past. Our measure of c0
may substantiate the concept that the localization of strong shear deformation
could propagate significantly in the lower crust and upper mantle, thus
increasing the effective size beyond which one should expect a change of
regime.Comment: pdf document of 40 pages including 5 tables and 19 figure
Characterization of the frequency of extreme events by the Generalized Pareto Distribution
Based on recent results in extreme value theory, we use a new technique for
the statistical estimation of distribution tails. Specifically, we use the
Gnedenko-Pickands-Balkema-de Haan theorem, which gives a natural limit law for
peak-over-threshold values in the form of the Generalized Pareto Distribution
(GPD). Useful in finance, insurance, hydrology, we investigate here the
earthquake energy distribution described by the Gutenberg-Richter seismic
moment-frequency law and analyze shallow earthquakes (depth h < 70 km) in the
Harvard catalog over the period 1977-2000 in 18 seismic zones. The whole GPD is
found to approximate the tails of the seismic moment distributions quite well
above moment-magnitudes larger than mW=5.3 and no statistically significant
regional difference is found for subduction and transform seismic zones. We
confirm that the b-value is very different in mid-ocean ridges compared to
other zones (b=1.50=B10.09 versus b=1.00=B10.05 corresponding to a power law
exponent close to 1 versus 2/3) with a very high statistical confidence. We
propose a physical mechanism for this, contrasting slow healing ruptures in
mid-ocean ridges with fast healing ruptures in other zones. Deviations from the
GPD at the very end of the tail are detected in the sample containing
earthquakes from all major subduction zones (sample size of 4985 events). We
propose a new statistical test of significance of such deviations based on the
bootstrap method. The number of events deviating from the tails of GPD in the
studied data sets (15-20 at most) is not sufficient for determining the
functional form of those deviations. Thus, it is practically impossible to give
preference to one of the previously suggested parametric families describing
the ends of tails of seismic moment distributions.Comment: pdf document of 21 pages + 2 tables + 20 figures (ps format) + one
file giving the regionalizatio
Cultural Influences upon Soviet-Era Programmatic Piano Music for Children
The Russian Revolution and the ensuing Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) spawned an era of Soviet music education that resulted in generations of gifted musicians. Soviet-era piano composers contributed to the emergence and the development of a unique style of piano training, a Soviet piano school, represented by great pianists and music educators known all over the world. Recent research on Soviet-era piano music focuses on non-programmatic piano compositions. The research conducted in this work appears to be the first to produce a comparative overview of major programmatic piano compositions for children written during the Soviet era.
In Cultural Influences Upon Soviet-Era Programmatic Piano Music For Children, the author offers an examination of Soviet-era music history, traditions, aesthetics, as well as the influences of Soviet cultural and political forces upon the creation and development of extra-musical imagery and narratives in Soviet-era programmatic piano music. This work discusses the role of musical meaning, expressed through extra-musical imagery and narratives, which is conveyed by the means of imagination, fantasy, and creativity in programmatic piano compositions. This research examines the role of culture, and the use of cultural references and the cultural toolkit in children’s music education and piano instruction. It also studies the major Soviet-era composers and programmatic piano compositions, and offers a comparative overview of the main categories of extra-musical imagery and narratives that are prevalent among the character pieces composed over the course of Soviet cultural history.
The Soviet-era composers reflected the Soviet culture and history in their programmatic piano compositions by using extra-musical imagery and narratives that capture children’s imagination and motivate them in their musical education and piano training. This work identifies an important collection of Soviet-era programmatic piano compositions for the use in children’s musical education as well as in future research. The concepts discussed in this paper and the comparative overview of the Soviet-era programmatic piano compositions and their categories represent a valuable source for piano instructors to understand the historical development, significance, and expressive intentions of the network of symbols and narratives that underlies much of the Soviet piano repertoire, to help achieve success with their students
He lived for the sake of people. To the 180th anniversary of the Ekaterinoslav zemstvo doctor V.T. Skrylnikov (1837-1898) (part 2).
The second part of the essay about zemstvo doctor, V.T. Skrylnikov elucidates his fruitful activity in the field of balneology: study and popularization of therapeutic properties of the so-called "Timofeev clay", publication of his "Seasonal Bulletin of Slaviansk mineral water ". We describe recent years of the doctor’s life, complicatedwith the disease and severe family affairs. The grateful memoriesof his fellow doctors about himare listed
He lived for the sake of people. To the 180th anniversary of the Yekaterinoslav zemstvo doctor V.T. Skrylnikov (1837-1898).
For the first time the article introduces to the reader biography of one of the founders of the Yekaterinoslav Medical Society, a local doctor, author of numerous scientific papers on medicine and hygiene VasiliyTimofeevich Skrylnikov. The first part provides previously unknown details about his origin, the work as the head of the free zemstvo clinic, highlights his proposals in the field of sanitary service of the city Yekaterinoslav, wide publishing activities. The aspects of V.T. Skrylnikov’s service on guardianship of orphans, and the initiative to create Yekaterinoslav Department of Russian society of public health are touched upon
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