Public space regeneration strategies: the case of Salou

Salou, which is one of the many highly specialized tourist resorts located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast, is a hundred kilometres south of Barcelona. Within its narrow boundaries of 1.481 ha, Salou hosts 7.4 million overnight stays per year and is home to 52 hotels. A ratio which ranks Salou amongst the tenth most visited municipalities in Spain. Distance from Salou’s historical town centre, the area of Carles Buigas Avenue (CB) emerges as being the heart of the municipality’s tourism and leisure industry. Salou developed, as did so many other Spanish coastal touristic locations, during the sixties and seventies as a consequence of the increasing demand for sun and beach destinations amongst the European and Spanish middle classes. Unfortunately, the “ageing” of this built up area clamours for close attention today. The visible physi-cal degradation of the property is becoming a cause for concern and preoccupation amongst the main property owners and investors: public administration, hotel managers, shopkeepers and neighbours. Hotels emerge as the key problem within the set physical boundaries of this study. They occupy approximately 50% of the total land surface, 28 out of a total of 52 hotels within the town being con-centrated in that area. This accumulation of hotels also breaks the particularity of the predominance of second residences which is so customary along the Spanish Coast. This paper delves into the data and proposals obtained from analysing the public space of the CB area. Similarly, as a consequence of the previous analysis, a set of proposals for intervention are also presented. The proposals are conceived to be developed within different time scales, in response to political and social willingness and economic capacity. The objective of the work is to induce an urban and tourism paradigm shift in the area, thus facilitating the emergence of a new tourism model. Solu-tions are urgently needed to provide specific answers to a particular scenario, which has similitudes to those of other Mediterranean Coastal Developments specialized in tourism activities, which too, after being operative for more than forty years, are suffering from deterioration or abandonment. Despite it still being an open process, the study understands that due to the complexity of the com-mitted task and the scale of the area, the goal will require the active commitment and collaboration of the property owners (administration, hotel managers, investors and neighbours).Postprint (published version

Plan de desarrollo local de la parroquia San Rafael, cantón Rumiñahui, para el período comprendido entre los años 2011-2016

La investigación está relacionada al diagnóstico actual de Parroquia San Rafael, la cual presenta un gran dinamismo comercial, existiendo un gran número de establecimientos de servicios. Cuenta con infraestructura de salud, seguridad y educativo básica, lo cual no satisface completamente los requerimientos de la población. En organización política presenta deficiencias por cuanto no se ha logrado una interacción entre los representantes que están a cargo de la parroquia como son los directivos barriales y el Presidente del Comité Promejoras. Trayendo como consecuencia un deficiente desarrollo por cuanto no se llegan a finiquitar acuerdos y programas a favor de la parroquia. Presentando en el estudio un direccionamiento estratégico que impulse el desarrollo, detallando la misión, visión objetivos y estrategias a ser aplicadas, sumado a esto una serie de perfiles de proyectos enmarcados en seis ejes estratégicos como son: Educación, Organización Política, Economía, Salud, Seguridad y Del Ambiente, presentando finalmente conclusiones y recomendaciones acerca del estudio.The investigation is related to the actual diagnosis of San Rafael Parish, which has great commercial dynamism, there are a large number of service establishments. It has health infrastructure, security and basic education, which does not fully meet the requirements of the population. In political organization is deficient because it has not been an interaction between the representatives in charge of the parish such as neighborhood managers and Promejoras Committee Chairman. Consequently, resulting in impaired because not come to finalize agreements and programs for the parish. Presenting in the study a strategic direction that drives the development, detailing the mission, vision, goals and strategies to be applied, in addition to that a series of profiles of projects under six strategic axes as: education, political organization, economics, health, safety and Environment, finally presenting conclusions and recommendations of the study

Estrategia para disminuir la incidencia de parasitosis en niños de 2 a 6 años en el Barrio “Apayacu” de Tena.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue disminuir la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños de 2 a 6 años en el barrio Apayacu del cantón Tena en la provincia Napo. La parasitosis intestinal constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial. El mismo se encuentra exacerbado en países en vías de desarrollo debido entre otras causas al desconocimiento de la población y las inadecuadas condiciones higiénico sanitarias imperante. Para aplicar la investigación se desarrolló una intervención integral en 41 niños y sus cuidadores que incluyó elementos de tipo educativo y asistencial. Se utilizaron varias pruebas estadísticas en el tratamiento de las variables como fueron la prueba de Tendencia lineal, la prueba Ji-cuadrado Bondad de ajuste, la prueba exacta de Fisher, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, la prueba de Signos y la prueba de McNemar. Existió un elevado porcentaje de niños con parasitosis intestinal motivado por el bajo nivel de conocimiento relacionado con la prevención de la enfermedad predominante en los cuidadores. Se concluye que la intervención aplicada provocó cambios significativos en aumento del nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención de la parasitosis intestinal en los cuidadores y en la disminución de la enfermedad en los niños incluidos en el estudio. Se recomienda a nivel de primer nivel realizar acciones que garanticen la promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades para aumentar los niveles de salud de la población en general.The objective of this research was to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children aged 2 to 6 years in the Apayacu neighborhood of Tena canton in Napo province. Intestinal parasitosis constitutes a health problem worldwide. It is exacerbated in developing countries due, among other causes, to the lack of knowledge of the population and the inadequate sanitary hygienic conditions prevailing. To apply the research, an integral intervention was developed in 41 children and their caregivers, which included educational and assistance elements. Several statistical tests were used in the treatment of the variables such as the Linear Trend test, the Chi-square Goodness of fit test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, the Signal test and the McNemar test . There was a high percentage of children with intestinal parasitosis motivated by the low level of knowledge related to the prevention of the predominant disease in caregivers. It is concluded that the intervention applied caused significant changes in the increase in the level of knowledge about prevention of intestinal parasitosis in caregivers and in the reduction of the disease in children included in the study. It is recommended at first level to carry out actions that guarantee health promotion and disease prevention to increase the health levels of the general population

Estrategia para disminuir la incidencia de parasitosis en niños de 2 a 6 años en el Barrio “Apayacu” de Tena.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue disminuir la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños de 2 a 6 años en el barrio Apayacu del cantón Tena en la provincia Napo. La parasitosis intestinal constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial. El mismo se encuentra exacerbado en países en vías de desarrollo debido entre otras causas al desconocimiento de la población y las inadecuadas condiciones higiénico sanitarias imperante. Para aplicar la investigación se desarrolló una intervención integral en 41 niños y sus cuidadores que incluyó elementos de tipo educativo y asistencial. Se utilizaron varias pruebas estadísticas en el tratamiento de las variables como fueron la prueba de Tendencia lineal, la prueba Ji-cuadrado Bondad de ajuste, la prueba exacta de Fisher, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, la prueba de Signos y la prueba de McNemar. Existió un elevado porcentaje de niños con parasitosis intestinal motivado por el bajo nivel de conocimiento relacionado con la prevención de la enfermedad predominante en los cuidadores. Se concluye que la intervención aplicada provocó cambios significativos en aumento del nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención de la parasitosis intestinal en los cuidadores y en la disminución de la enfermedad en los niños incluidos en el estudio. Se recomienda a nivel de primer nivel realizar acciones que garanticen la promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades para aumentar los niveles de salud de la población en general.The objective of this research was to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children aged 2 to 6 years in the Apayacu neighborhood of Tena canton in Napo province. Intestinal parasitosis constitutes a health problem worldwide. It is exacerbated in developing countries due, among other causes, to the lack of knowledge of the population and the inadequate sanitary hygienic conditions prevailing. To apply the research, an integral intervention was developed in 41 children and their caregivers, which included educational and assistance elements. Several statistical tests were used in the treatment of the variables such as the Linear Trend test, the Chi-square Goodness of fit test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, the Signal test and the McNemar test . There was a high percentage of children with intestinal parasitosis motivated by the low level of knowledge related to the prevention of the predominant disease in caregivers. It is concluded that the intervention applied caused significant changes in the increase in the level of knowledge about prevention of intestinal parasitosis in caregivers and in the reduction of the disease in children included in the study. It is recommended at first level to carry out actions that guarantee health promotion and disease prevention to increase the health levels of the general population

Diagnostico del Servicio de Alimentación de la Unidad Educativa Liceo Nuevo Mundo. Propuesta de Intervención Basada en los Parámetros Dictados por los Ministerios de Educación y Salud Pública, 2011

Los problemas alimentarios nutricionales que afectan a la población principalmente a los estudiantes, son reconocidas hoy como un complemento esencial de las funciones propensas a mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y la calidad del servicio de alimentación, con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades de la comunidad educativa. Se diseñó menús especializados para los comensales de acuerdo a los lineamientos dictados por los Ministerios de Educación Y Salud Pública. Con ello se prevendrá la desnutrición y mala alimentación de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Liceo Nuevo Mundo. La mayoría de puntos en los que falla el comedor de la Unidad Educativa y por lo cual están insatisfechos los comensales son: la presentación, el color, variedad, temperatura, textura, consistencia de líquidos, sabor, aroma de los menús. En base a este análisis se constituyó el mejoramiento de las técnicas de preparación, presentación y servicio de los menús e incluye reglas y normas de higiene y sanitación desde el enfoque gastronómico.Nutritional food problems with affect the population, principally student’s, are recognized today as an essential necessary complement to improve food safety and food service quality in order to meet the needs of the educational community. A special menu for new students was designed according to the guidelines issued by the Ministries of Education and Public Health which will help prevent malnutrition and poor nutrition of the students at the Liceo New World high School. The major areas which receive failing qualifications at the dining facilities of the Liceo New World high school and, in turn, dissatisfaction for new students are presentation, color variety, temperature, texture, liquid consistency, flavor, and aroma of the menus. Based on the analysis, improvements in preparation techniques and presentation and service menus which include hygiene and sanitation regulations and standards from the culinary standpoint were constituted

Physical inactivity, TV-watching hours and body composition in children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a predisposing factor to the onset/worsening of other cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity. OBJECTIVE: To determine physical activity level (PAL) and daily number of hours of TV (HTV) and the association and/or correlation of these variables with age, gender, economic class, public/private school, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross sectional study, school-based population, public and private education, primary and secondary education. The sample was calculated based on the minimum expected prevalence of several variables, including physical inactivity. Cluster sampling. Protocol: structured questionnaire, including Physical Activity for Older Children Questionnaire (PAQ-C) measurements of weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold (TSF). Statistical analysis: Chi-square, linear correlation. RESULTS: Among the 1,253 students, averaging 12.4 ± 2.9 years old, of which 549 were male, there was a prevalence of inactivity in 93.5%, more commonly found in female adolescents and there was no association between PAL and excess weight or body fat, soccer and dance were the most frequent activities in boys and girls, respectively; 60% of students did not have physical education classes. Average and median HTV were respectively 3.6 and 3 hours; there was a significant association between HTV and obesity and significant correlation between PAL and age (negative) and between BMI and TSF (positive). CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity is present in 93.5% of children and adolescents from Maceió. It is more commonly found among teenagers and females, with no association or correlation of this variable with excess weight or body fat; obesity was associated with > 3 HTV.FUNDAMENTO: Sedentarismo é fator predisponente ao aparecimento/piora de outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, particularmente obesidade. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer nível de atividade física (NAF) e número diário de horas de TV (HTV) e a associação e/ou correlação destas variáveis com faixa etária, sexo, classe econômica, escola pública/privada, excesso de peso e obesidade, em crianças/adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, base populacional escolar, ensino público e privado, fundamental e médio. Cálculo da amostra baseado na menor prevalência esperada de inúmeras variáveis, incluindo sedentarismo. Amostragem por conglomerados. Protocolo: Questionário estruturado, incluindo Physical Activity Questionaire for Older Children (PAQ-C); medidas de peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e prega cutânea do tríceps (PCT). Análise estatística: Qui-quadrado; correlação linear. RESULTADOS: Nos 1.253 estudantes, com média de idade de 12,4 ± 2,9 anos, sendo 547 do sexo masculino, observou-se uma prevalência de sedentarismo em 93,5%, mais frequente em adolescentes do sexo feminino; não houve associação entre NAF e excesso de peso ou gordura corporal; futebol e dança foram as atividades mais frequentes em meninos e meninas, respectivamente; 60% dos estudantes não têm aulas de Educação Física. Média e mediana de HTV foram, respectivamente, 3,6 e 3 horas; houve associação significante entre maior HTV e obesidade e correlação significante entre NAF e idade (negativa) e entre IMC e PCT (positiva). CONCLUSÃO: O sedentarismo está presente em 93,5% das crianças e adolescentes de Maceió, sendo mais prevalente nos adolescentes e no sexo feminino, não havendo associação ou correlação desta variável com excesso de peso ou gordura corporal; obesidade associou-se a > 3 HTV.Universidade Federal de Alagoas Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Vapour reactive distillation process for hydrogen production by hi decomposition from hi-i2-h2o solutions

In this contribution, a sequential and hierarchical approach for the feasibility analysis and the preliminary design of reactive distillation columns is extended to systems involving vapour phase chemical reaction and is successfully applied to the HI vapour phase decomposition to produce H2. The complex phase and physico chemical behaviour of the quaternary HI-H2-I2-H2O system is represented by the Neumann’s thermodynamic model and instantaneous vapour phase chemical equilibrium is assumed. Then, from minimal information concerning the physicochemical properties of the system, three successive steps lead to the design of the unit and the specification of its operating conditions: the feasibility analysis, the synthesis and the design step. First, the analysis of reactive condensation curve map method (rCCM), assuming infinite internal liquid and vapour flow rate and infinite reflux ratio, is used to assess the feasibility of the process. It determines the column structure and estimates the attainable compositions. These results are used as inputs data for the synthesis step. Based on the boundary value design method (BVD), considering finite internal liquid and vapour flow rate and finite reflux ratio while neglecting all thermal effects and assuming a constant heat of vaporisation, the synthesis step provides more precise information about the process configuration (minimum reflux ratio, number of theoretical stages, localisation and number of reactive plates, position of the feed plate). Finally, the BVD method results are used to initialise rigorous simulations, based on an equilibrium stage model with energy balance, to estimate the reflux ratio taking into account thermal effect on the process. The resulting design configuration consists in a single feed and entirely reactive distillation column. The column operates under a pressure of 22 bars. The feed of the reactive distillation column, coming from the Bunsen reaction section [xHI=0.10; xI2=0.39 xH2O=0.51], is at its boiling temperature. The residue consists in pure iodine. Water and produced hydrogen are recovered at the distillate. The column operates at a reflux ratio of 5 and is composed of 11 theoretical plates including the reboiler and the partial condenser with the feed at the stage 10 (counted downwards). The obtained HI dissociation yield is 99.6%

Clinicopathological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Chilean Population

In oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC and OPSCC) exist an association between clinical and histopathological parameters with cell proliferation, basal lamina, connective tissue degradation and surrounding stroma markers. We evaluated these associations in Chilean patients. A convenience sample of 37 cases of OCSCC (n=16) and OPSCC (n=21) was analyzed clinically (TNM, clinical stage) and histologically (WHO grade of differentiation, pattern of tumor invasion). We assessed the expression of p53, Ki67, HOXA1, HOXB7, type IV collagen (ColIV) and carcinoma-associated fibroblast (a-SMA-positive cells). Additionally we conducted a univariate/bivariate analysis to assess the relationship of these variables with survival rates. Males were mostly affected (56.2% OCSCC, 76.2% OPSCC). Patients were mainly diagnosed at III/IV clinical stages (68.8% OCSCC, 90.5% OPSCC) with a predominantly infiltrative pattern invasion (62.9% OCSCC, 57.1% OPSCC). Significant association between regional lymph nodes (N) and clinical stage with OCSCC-HOXB7 expression (Chi-Square test P < 0.05) was observed. In OPSCC a statistically significant association exists between p53, Ki67 with gender (Chi-Square test P < 0.05). In OCSCC and OPSCC was statistically significant association between ki67 with HOXA1, HOXB7, and between these last two antigens (Pearson's Correlation test P < 0.05). Furthermore OPSCC-p53 showed significant correlation when it was compared with a-SMA (Kendall's Tau-c test P < 0.05). Only OCSCC-pattern invasion and OPSCC-primary tumor (T) pattern resulted associated with survival at the end of the follow up period (Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio, P < 0.05). Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features are similar to seen in other countries. Cancer proliferation markers were associated strongly from each other. 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