1,539 research outputs found
Social Justice and Social Order: Binding Moralities across the Political Spectrum
Two studies explored the relationship between political ideology and endorsement of a range of moral principles. Political liberals and conservatives did not differ on intrapersonal or interpersonal moralities, which require self-regulation. However differences emerged on collective moralities, which involve social regulation. Contrary to Moral Foundations Theory, both liberals and conservatives endorsed a group-focused binding morality, specifically Social Justice and Social Order respectively. Libertarians were the group without a binding morality. Although Social Justice and Social Order appear conflictual, analyses based on earlier cross-cultural work on societal tightness-looseness suggest that countries actually benefit in terms of economic success and societal well-being when these group-based moralities co-exist and serve as counterweights in social regulation
How to achieve resilience as an older widower: turning points or gradual change?
ABSTRACT The paper draws together two conceptualisations of resilience in bereavement and widowhood that were developed b
Spiritual experiences of continuity and discontinuity among parents who lose a child
This is a study of parents' spiritual experience of the loss of a child. Many parents experience continuing bonds with their deceased child as well as forms of posttraumatic growth. Twelve parents of children dying after severe illness were interviewed about their experiences. The interviews contain stories about premonitions, the intensity of the moment of the child's death and the child's presence after death. Thematically the stories reflect the dialectics of continuity and discontinuity in the relationship with the child. This is interpreted in terms of attributing meaning, significance and comprehensibility. © 2012 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
Maintenance of Intrusive Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Cognitive Approach
Intrusive recollections are very common immediately after traumatic events and
are considered necessary aspects of emotional processing. However, if these
intrusive recollections persist over a long time, they are linked to long-term
psychiatric disorder, especially Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This
paper discusses the need to investigate factors involved in the maintenance of
intrusive traumatic recollections. It is suggested that the idiosyncratic
meaning of the intrusive recollections predicts the distress caused by them, and
the degree to which the individual engages in strategies to control the
intrusions. These control strategies maintain the intrusive recollections by
preventing a change in the meaning of the trauma and of the traumatic memories.
It is further suggested that what is needed is a comprehensive assessment of the
processes that prevent change in meaning, going beyond the assessment of
avoidance. In particular, safety behaviours, dissociation and numbing,
suppression of memories and thoughts about trauma, rumination, activation of
other emotions such as anger and guilt and corresponding cognitions, and
selective information processing (attentional and memory biases) may be involved
in the maintenance of intrusive recollections. Preliminary data supporting these
suggestions from studies of individuals involved in road traffic accidents and
survivors of child sexual abuse are described
Taking Foreign Policy Personally: Personal Values and Foreign Policy Attitudes
Previous research has shown that on issues of foreign policy, individuals have “general stances,” “postures,” “dispositions” or “orientations” that inform their beliefs toward more discrete issues in international relations. While these approaches delineate the proximate sources of public opinion in the foreign policy domain, they evade an even more important question: what gives rise to these foreign policy orientations in the first place? Combining an original survey on a nationally representative sample of Americans with Schwartz’s theory of values from political psychology, we show that people take foreign policy personally: the same basic values we know people use to guide choices in their daily lives also travel to the domain of foreign affairs, offering one potential explanation why people who are otherwise uninformed about world politics nonetheless express coherent foreign policy beliefs
A theory on reports of constructive (real) and illusory posttraumatic growth
It has been suggested that self-reported posttraumatic growth could sometimes be considered as a way for people to protect themselves from the distress of trauma. In this case, reports of posttraumatic growth could be illusory. We suggest a theory on self-reported constructive (real) posttraumatic growth and illusory posttraumatic growth by using Rogers’s (1959) theory and the work by Vaillant (1995). Through this theoretical framework we attempt to explain when reports of posttraumatic growth are likely to be constructive and real and when such reports are likely to represent aspects of illusions. We will also consider the implications for research practice
Values Following a Major Terrorist Incident: Finnish Adolescent and Student Values Before and After September 11, 2001
The horrific terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, left an
indelible mark on perceptions of security and threat across the world. This paper
uses Schwartz’s (1992) value circumplex model to examine value change across
matched high school and university student samples in Finland, questioned before
and after the World Trade Center (WTC) and associated attacks. In Study 1
(N5419), security values of adolescents were higher the day following the WTC
attacks than before, but fell back toward pre-attack levels in the subsequent two
samples. In contrast, levels of stimulation were lower following the terrorist
incidents. In Study 2 (N5222), security levels of students were also higher following
the WTC attacks, but again were closer to pre-attack levels in a subsequent
cohort
- …