74 research outputs found
Hans Magnus Enzensberger & Hannah Arendt â Eine Kontroverse?
Zwei Haltungen zu den wichtigsten moralischen Fragen unserer Tage polarisieren einander derart, daà jenseits der herkömmlichen ideologischen Antithesen Verschiedenheit wie Versöhnbarkeit zweier Grundauffassungen von Politik und Geschichte stellvertretend aufleuchten.
So fasste im Jahre 1965 Hans Paeschke, Herausgeber der Kulturzeitschrift Merkur, einen dort erschienen Briefwechsel zusammen. Die zwei Haltungen stehen stellvertretend fĂŒr die beiden Intellektuellen Hans Magnus Enzensberger und Hannah Arendt. Eine der wichtigsten moralischen Fragen dieser Tage war wohl, auch noch 20 Jahren nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, die Auseinandersetzung mit der NS-Vergangenheit und den dort geschehenen Massenmord an Millionen von Menschen. Doch welche Fragen könnte der Diskurs zwischen den beiden aufgeworfen haben, die noch nicht, in Folge der zahlreichen politischen, intellektuellen und gesellschaftlichen Debatten zu der damaligen Zeit, gestellt worden waren? Was waren die HintergrĂŒnde des Diskurses und die Motive Enzensbergers und Arendts dabei? Gab es wolmöglich nur eine kleine Meinungsverschiedenheit oder stellt der Diskurs eine wirkliche Kontroverse dar? Falls letzteres zutrifft, welches Moment scheidet die beiden voneinander
End-to-end Learning for Image-based Detection of Molecular Alterations in Digital Pathology
Current approaches for classification of whole slide images (WSI) in digital
pathology predominantly utilize a two-stage learning pipeline. The first stage
identifies areas of interest (e.g. tumor tissue), while the second stage
processes cropped tiles from these areas in a supervised fashion. During
inference, a large number of tiles are combined into a unified prediction for
the entire slide. A major drawback of such approaches is the requirement for
task-specific auxiliary labels which are not acquired in clinical routine. We
propose a novel learning pipeline for WSI classification that is trainable
end-to-end and does not require any auxiliary annotations. We apply our
approach to predict molecular alterations for a number of different use-cases,
including detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal tumors and
prediction of specific mutations for colon, lung, and breast cancer cases from
The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results reach AUC scores of up to 94% and are shown to
be competitive with state of the art two-stage pipelines. We believe our
approach can facilitate future research in digital pathology and contribute to
solve a large range of problems around the prediction of cancer phenotypes,
hopefully enabling personalized therapies for more patients in future.Comment: MICCAI 2022; 8.5 Pages, 4 Figure
Bent crystal spectrometer for both frequency and wavenumber resolved x-ray scattering at a seeded free-electron laser
We present a cylindrically curved GaAs x-ray spectrometer with energy
resolution and wave-number resolution of
, allowing plasmon scattering at the resolution
limits of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free-electron laser. It
spans scattering wavenumbers of 3.6 to \AA\ in 100 separate bins, with
only 0.34\% wavenumber blurring. The dispersion of 0.418~eV/m agrees
with predictions within 1.3\%. The reflection homogeneity over the entire
wavenumber range was measured and used to normalize the amplitude of scattering
spectra. The proposed spectrometer is superior to a mosaic HAPG spectrometer
when the energy resolution needs to be comparable to the LCLS seeded bandwidth
of 1~eV and a significant range of wavenumbers must be covered in one exposure
Treatment of MRSA pneumonia: clinical and economic comparison of linezolid vs. vancomycin â a retrospective analysis of medical charts and re-imbursement data of real-life patient populations
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Wege ins Institut â Wege aus dem Institut
In der Beilage zu dieser Ausgabe des HJK erlĂ€utern Studierende eine studentische Perspektive auf das Institut und das Studium und konzentrieren sich dabei auf die Themen Wissen und Wissensproduktion: Sie fragen einerseits danach, welches Wissen Studierende ins Studium mitbringen und welches Potenzial dieses im Laufe des Studiums noch entwickeln kann. Auf der anderen Seite erkunden sie, wie kulturanthropologische Forschung und Wissensproduktion in der Gesellschaft wirken. Die Autor*innen dieser Beilage befassen sich zudem bei der Frage nach ZukunftsfĂ€higkeit mit der Funktion von wissenschaftlicher Sprache und ihrer Rolle bei Vermittlung von Wissen. Die ZugĂ€nglichkeit von Wissen sehen sie als essentiell fĂŒr die Gestaltung der Gesellschaft und das positive Einwirken auf kritische Gegebenheiten und MissstĂ€nde
Long-Term Drainage Reduces CO2 Uptake and CH4 Emissions in a Siberian Permafrost Ecosystem
Permafrost landscapes in northern high latitudes with their massive organic carbon stocks are an important, poorly known, component of the global carbon cycle. However, in light of future Arctic warming, the sustainability of these carbon pools is uncertain. To a large part, this is due to a limited understanding of the carbon cycle processes because of sparse observations in Arctic permafrost ecosystems. Here we present an eddy covariance data set covering more than 3 years of continuous CO2 and CH4 flux observations within a moist tussock tundra ecosystem near Chersky in north-eastern Siberia. Through parallel observations of a disturbed (drained) area and a control area nearby, we aim to evaluate the long-term effects of a persistently lowered water table on the net vertical carbon exchange budgets and the dominating biogeochemical mechanisms. Persistently drier soils trigger systematic shifts in the tundra ecosystem carbon cycle patterns. Both, uptake rates of CO2 and emissions of CH4 decreased. Year-round measurements emphasize the importance of the non-growing seasonin particular the zero-curtain period in the fallto the annual budget. Approximately 60% of the CO2 uptake in the growing season is lost during the cold seasons, while CH4 emissions during the non-growing season account for 30% of the annual budget. Year-to-year variability in temperature conditions during the late growing season was identified as the primary control of the interannual variability observed in the CO2 and CH4 fluxes.Peer reviewe
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