« Je me suis trouvé dans l’œil du cyclone » suivi de Les Mémoires de Claude Simon

Antoine de Gaudemar : Dès la première page, on est frappé par la forme du livre : la page est typographiquement partagée en plusieurs parties permettant une lecture simultanée de plusieurs épisodes. Claude Simon : J’ai essayé de donner une image de l’imbrication de souvenirs les uns dans les autres. On pourrait dire que le livre est construit comme le portrait d’une mémoire, avec ses circonvolutions, ses associations, ses retours sur elle-même, etc. La difficulté de la chose est que l’écritur..

Anthropologie du christianisme

Jean-Pierre Albert, directeur d’études Les théories anthropologiques du religieux Le séminaire était consacré cette année à l’examen critique des théorisations du lien entre religion et société. Ont été présentées successivement les perspectives de Marx et de Durkheim. À côté de la remise en contexte de ces œuvres, l’étude a visé plus particulièrement la manière dont, au-delà d’un langage du « reflet », de l’« expression », était posée la question de l’efficacité propre des représentations r..

Identités, appartenances, transmission (un parcours philosophique avec l'ethnopsychiatrie)

Cette recherche est le récit, à vocation conceptuelle, d une rencontre rencontre de la philosophie avec l ethnopsychiatrie, pratique clinique destinée à la prise en charge psychothérapeutique des patients migrants. Elle s est déroulée au centre Georges Devereux dont l équipe a accueilli l auteure pendant deux ans. Rencontrer l autre n est jamais indifférent, cela fait quelque chose: à celui ou celle qui rencontre, à sa pensée et à l héritage qui est le sien. La question principale est donc celle-ci: qu est-ce que cela fait à la pensée philosophique et à celle qui ici la représente de rencontrer l ethnopsychiatrie et les mondes qu elle convoque? Cela implique une double exigence: décrire les transformations que subissent, dans la rencontre, des notions comme celles d identité , de personne ou de relation , mais aussi de collectif , de croyance et de transmission , tout en montrant en quoi le récit de ces transformations n équivaut pas à une enquête introspective et à sa restitution subjective. La transformation principale réside dans le passage d une pensée générale à un autre régime de pensée (qualifié de générique 1) qu il s agit de caractériser dans la mesure où la pratique clinique, en particulier dans le contexte de multiplicité qu imposent les passages entre les mondes, semble le supposer. Dans le cadre thérapeutique d une contrainte à la transformation en effet, les paroles, actes et gestes doivent prendre une consistance propre afin d être opérants. Cette consistance clinique et le plan de pensée qui l accompagne sont ce dont ce travail propose de dessiner les principaux traits: immanence, nouveauté et caractère spéculatif.This research gives the conceptual account of an encounter: the encounter of philosophy with ethnopsychiatry, a clinical practice which proposes psychotherapeutic treatments to migrant patients. This encounter took place at the centre Georges Devereux whose team accepted the author as an observer and participant during two years. Encountering the other is never indifferent. Something happens to the one that encounters, to her thought and to her personal and philosophical heritage. The main question is also this: what effect does this encounter with ethnopsychiatry and the worlds it deals with have on philosophical thought and the researcher who represents it here? This question requires a double answer: describing the changes that notions like identity , relation or person , but also community , culture , belief and transmission undergo in the encounter and showing at the same time that such an account is not the equivalent of an introspective inquiry and its subjective report. The main change consists in the transition from a general way of thinking to another called generic 1. The point is to characterize this generic way of thinking in so far as the clinical practice seems to require it particularly dealing with the multiplicity that crossing between worlds imposes. Indeed, in a therapeutic context requiring change, the words, acts and gestures used have to take a specific consistency to be efficient. This work attempts to draw the mains traits of this clinical consistency and the level of thought that goes with: immanency, novelty and speculative character.NANTERRE-PARIS10-Bib. élec. (920509901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Male mating strategy and the introgression of a growth hormone transgene

Escaped transgenic organisms (GMO's) may threaten the populations of their wild relatives if able to hybridize with each other. The introgression of a growth enhancement transgene into a wild Atlantic salmon population may be affected by the transgene's effects not only on fitness parameters, but also on mating behaviour. Large anadromous GMO males are most preferred in mating, but a transgene can also give the large sneakers a reproductive advantage over the smaller wild individuals. With a simulation model, we studied whether the increase in the proportion and mating success of sneakers in transgenic and hybrid genotypes could facilitate the introgression of a transgene into wild population after the release of GMOs. The model combines population dynamics and Mendelian inheritance of a transgenic trait. We found that the introgression of the transgene is strongly affected by the greater mating preference of large GMO males. Furthermore, the difference in reproductive success between the anadromous versus sneaker strategy defines how much GMO's have to be preferred to be able to invade. These results emphasize the importance of detailed knowledge of reproductive systems and the effect of a transgene on the phenotype and behaviour of GMOs when assessing the consequences of their release or escape to the wild

Fitness of hatchery-reared salmonids in the wild

Accumulating data indicate that hatchery fish have lower fitness in natural environments than wild fish. This fitness decline can occur very quickly, sometimes following only one or two generations of captive rearing. In this review, we summarize existing data on the fitness of hatchery fish in the wild, and we investigate the conditions under which rapid fitness declines can occur. The summary of studies to date suggests: nonlocal hatchery stocks consistently reproduce very poorly in the wild; hatchery stocks that use wild, local fish for captive propagation generally perform better than nonlocal stocks, but often worse than wild fish. However, the data above are from a limited number of studies and species, and more studies are needed before one can generalize further. We used a simple quantitative genetic model to evaluate whether domestication selection is a sufficient explanation for some observed rapid fitness declines. We show that if selection acts on a single trait, such rapid effects can be explained only when selection is very strong, both in captivity and in the wild, and when the heritability of the trait under selection is high. If selection acts on multiple traits throughout the life cycle, rapid fitness declines are plausible

A inteligência dos Futuros Contingentes: Interrogando G. W. Leibniz sobre Deus e a Verdade

RESUMO: A presente investigação questiona a essência teo-lógica dos futuros contingentes. Para o efeito, analisa-se, primeiramente, a argumentação segundo a qual, sob certas condições lógicas, teológicas, ontológicas e cosmológicas antinecessitantes, detetadas por G. W. Leibniz (conciliando a posição de St. Agostinho com a de L. Molina e W. Ockham), a abertura contingente do futuro parece ser compatível com o regime das "verdades contingentes pré-determinadas", regime enquadrado teologicamente pelo princípio do "futuro melhor" ou do "único futuro verdadeiro". No entanto, os futuros contingentes incitam, com e contra Aristóteles, ao desenvolvimento de uma lógica temporal e plurivalente, ao modo de J. Łukasiewicz ou A. Prior. Essa lógica garante a abertura do futuro sem o oneroso custo metafísico da adesão a uma teo-lógica omnideterminante. A crítica do determinismo lógico, daí resultante, afigura-se mais coadunável com as condições pós-metafísicas inerentes à episteme agnósticacontemporânea, mas, nesse caso, a abertura do futuro implicaria uma profunda redefinição das próprias ideias e funções de "Deus", "matéria", "história" e "verdade"

Maternal source of variability in the embryo development of an annual killifish

Organisms inhabiting unpredictable environments often evolve diversified reproductive bethedging strategies, expressed as production of multiple offspring phenotypes, thereby avoiding complete reproductive failure. To cope with unpredictable rainfall, African annual killifish from temporary savannah pools lay drought-resistant eggs that vary widely in the duration of embryo development. We examined the sources of variability in the duration of individual embryo development, egg production and fertilization rate in Nothobranchius furzeri. Using a quantitative genetics approach (North Carolina Type II design) we found support for maternal effects rather than polyandrous mating as the primary source of the variability in the duration of embryo development. The number of previously laid eggs appeared to serve as an internal physiological cue initiating a shift from rapid to slow embryo developmental mode. In annual killifish extensive phenotypic variability in progeny traits is adaptive, as the conditions experienced by parents have limited relevance to the offspring generation. In contrast to genetic control, with high phenotypic expression and heritability, maternal control of traits under natural selection prevents standing genetic diversity from potentially detrimental effects of selection in fluctuating environments