433 research outputs found

    Benthische Algen ohne Kieselalgen und Armleuchteralgen : Feldführer / [Autoren: Antje Gutowski ; Julia Foerster]. Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen. [Ministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen]

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    Benthische Algen sind ein wesentlicher Teil des Ökosystems der Fließgewässer. Verschiedene Verfahren nutzen sie zur Bioindikation. Eines davon ist das PHYLIB-Verfahren (SCHAUMBURG et al. 2004, 2005) zur Bewertung des ökologischen Zustandes. In diesem Verfahren wird die Qualitätskomponente Makrophyten und Phytobenthos in drei Teilkomponenten gegliedert. Neben Makrophyten incl. Charales und Diatomeen werden die anderen Algenklassen als "übriges" Phytobenthos einbezogen. Das "übrige" Phytobenthos zeichnet sich in mehrerlei Hinsicht durch eine besondere Vielfalt aus. Dieser Feldführer versucht, eine erste Orientierung zu vermitteln. Dazu gehört eine kurz gehaltene Darstellung der relevanten Algenklassen im systematischtaxonomischen Teil, in dem auch die jeweils wichtigen Bestimmungswerke aufgeführt werden. Dabei werden grundlegende Begriffe erläutert, die für die Verwendung der Bestimmungsliteratur nützlich sind. Der Schwerpunkt liegt jedoch in dem Bemühen, den Blick für das Erkennen der Algen im Gewässer zu schärfen. Die für eine Indikation wichtigen Algenbestände sind oft wenig auffällig und leicht zu übersehen. Erfahrung und Wissen sind erforderlich, um sie zu erkennen. Auch offensichtliche Massenentwicklungen bestehen in der Regel aus Mischbeständen mehrerer Arten, die differenziert betrachtet werden müssen. Der hier vorliegende Feldführer stellt das dafür notwendige "Handwerkszeug" zur Verfügung. Dafür werden zum einen die möglichen Habitate benthischer Algen charakterisiert und mit Bildern vorgestellt. Zum anderen wird die Vielfalt der Lager- bzw. Wuchsformen benthischer Algen mit ihren Charakteristika hinsichtlich Farbe, Konsistenz und mitunter auch Geruch beschrieben. Um diese Vielfalt für die praktische Arbeit zu gliedern, wurden neun Kategorien aufgestellt. Aufgrund der im Gelände sichtbaren Wuchs- bzw. Lagerformen wurden zahlreiche Taxa diesen Kategorien zugeordnet. Die Taxa werden mit zahlreichen Abbildungen dargestellt. Anschließend wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Probenahme entsprechend den Vorgaben des PHYLIB-Bewertungsverfahren erklärt und anhand von zwei Beispielen illustriert. Hinweise auf Verfahren in anderen Ländern und ein Ausblick auf die EN-Norm stellen das PHYLIB-Verfahren in einen größeren Zusammenhang. Damit bietet dieser Feldführer eine gute Orientierung hinsichtlich der Formen- und Farbenvielfalt, der systematischen Vielfalt sowie der entsprechenden Vielfalt der Bestimmungsliteratur der Vertreter des „übrigen“ Phytobenthos. Anwender des PHYLIB-Bewertungsverfahrens finden in diesem Buch hilfreiche Anleitungen für die praktische Arbeit

    comparison of health-related quality of life and mental status – a cross- sectional study

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    Background Liver Retransplantation (Re-LT) procedures are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Up to date, there is no knowledge on the health-related quality of life and the mental status of these patients. Methods Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was assessed by using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey and Mental Status was assessed by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The patients were examined in different assessments: During regular check-up examinations in the LT outpatient department in 2011 (Survey 1) and in a postal survey in 2013 (Survey 2). Their medical data was collected by using an established database. Results We received eligible surveys of 383 patients (55.6%) with a history of LT, of which 15 (3.9%) had undergone Re-LT (Re-LT group). These patients were compared to a group of 60 patients who had undergone only one LT. With regard to their HRQoL, the Re-LT group had significantly lower scores on the scales of physical function (PF, p = 0.026), their role-physical (RP, p = 0.008), their vitality (VIT, p = 0.040), and their role-emotional (RE, p = 0.005). The scores for anxiety and depression did not differ significantly between the groups. In a multiple regression analysis, chronic kidney disease was found to be an independent risk factor for decreased scores of PF (p = 0.023). Conclusions Patients who have to undergo Re-LT procedures are faceing impairments in physical aspects of a HRQoL. Together with clinical results from other studies, the findings of the present examination underline the need for an optimized organ distribution strategy since not all patients listed for Re-LT appear to benefit from it

    Applicability of ISO standard 3744 to UA

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    Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are used for a variety of purposes. Especially the industrial or professional use of unmanned aircraft (UA) will lead to an increasing number of possible applications. The steadily rising number of UA raise the question of noise impact from these air traffic users. For the first time, an EU regulation provides a uniform noise rating for UA. It involves the introduction of a label for the guaranteed sound power level. This level is to be determined via EN ISO 3744:2010 by means of an enveloping surface method. Manufacturers are required to document the guaranteed sound power level as part of their CE marking. In addition, the EU regulation specifies a maximum permissible sound power level. The permitted level depends on the weight of the UA. Therefore, the German Environment Agency has started with acoustic investigations of UA. Various small UA models (i.e. multicopter) were used in the measurements in accordance with the EU regulation. This paper presents the results of the measurements and shows whether the requirements of the EU regulation are to be complied with. The challenges for users of the applicable measurement standard are also highlighted

    Improved Survival Prediction by Combining Radiological Imaging and S-100B Levels Into a Multivariate Model in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

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    Purpose: We explored imaging and blood bio-markers for survival prediction in a cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibition. Materials and Methods: 94 consecutive metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition were included into this study. PET/CT imaging was available at baseline (Tp0), 3 months (Tp1) and 6 months (Tp2) after start of immunotherapy. Radiological response at Tp2 was evaluated using iRECIST. Total tumor burden (TB) at each time-point was measured and relative change of TB compared to baseline was calculated. LDH, CRP and S-100B were also analyzed. Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression were used for survival analysis. Results: iRECIST at Tp2 was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) with C-index=0.68. TB at baseline was not associated with OS, whereas TB at Tp1 and Tp2 provided similar predictive power with C-index of 0.67 and 0.71, respectively. Appearance of new metastatic lesions during follow-up was an independent prognostic factor (C-index=0.73). Elevated LDH and S-100B ratios at Tp2 were significantly associated with worse OS: C-index=0.73 for LDH and 0.73 for S-100B. Correlation of LDH with TB was weak (r=0.34). A multivariate model including TB change, S-100B, and appearance of new lesions showed the best predictive performance with C-index=0.83. Conclusion: Our analysis shows only a weak correlation between LDH and TB. Additionally, baseline TB was not a prognostic factor in our cohort. A multivariate model combining early blood and imaging biomarkers achieved the best predictive power with regard to survival, outperforming iRECIST

    Duality and Global Symmetries

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    This is a general introduction to duality in field theories. The existence and breaking of global symmetries is used as a guideline to systematically prove duality between different field theories. Systems discussed include abelian and non-abelian T-duality in string theory, abelian and nonabelian bosonization, and duality for massless and massive antisymmetric tensor field theories in arbitrary number of dimensions. Open questions regarding these techniques are also discussed. (Lectures given at 33rd Karpacz Winter School `Duality: Strings and Fields' .)Comment: 19 pages,latex,espcrc

    Biodiversity post-2020: Closing the gap between global targets and national-level implementation

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    National and local governments need to step up efforts to effectively implement the post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity to halt and reverse worsening biodiversity trends. Drawing on recent advances in interdisciplinary biodiversity science, we propose a framework for improved implementation by national and subnational governments. First, the identification of actions and the promotion of ownership across stakeholders need to recognize the multiple values of biodiversity and account for remote responsibility. Second, cross-sectorial implementation and mainstreaming should adopt scalable and multifunctional ecosystem restoration approaches and target positive futures for nature and people. Third, assessment of progress and adaptive management can be informed by novel biodiversity monitoring and modeling approaches handling the multidimensionality of biodiversity change

    Mittelalter im Labor

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    Mit diesem Band präsentiert das Schwerpunktprogramm 1173 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft „Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter“ erste Ergebnisse seiner Arbeit. Von Anfang an war ihm die Aufgabe gestellt, das mittelalterliche Europa in transkultureller Perspektive und auf Wegen einer transdisziplinären Wissenschaft zu erforschen und zu begreifen. Immer ging es darum, die disziplinär verfassten Einzelwissenschaften durch transdisziplinäre Arbeit zu ergänzen. Das wissenschaftliche Anliegen des Programms ist es, das europäische Mittelalter von seinen geografischen Rändern und seinen kulturellen Differenzen her zu erforschen und zu beschreiben. Der holistischen Frage nach der Einheit Europas wird die innere Vielfalt als gegenständlicher Ausgangspunkt entgegengesetzt. Europa wird nicht als abgeschlossenes, kohärentes Gebilde verstanden, sondern als ein Kontinent, dessen permanente Austausch- und Wechselbeziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Regionen und Kulturen überhaupt erst zur Ausbildung seiner charakteristischen Merkmale geführt haben

    Microsatellite Support for Active Inbreeding in a Cichlid Fish

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    In wild animal populations, the degree of inbreeding differs between species and within species between populations. Because mating with kin often results in inbreeding depression, observed inbreeding is usually regarded to be caused by limited outbreeding opportunities due to demographic factors like small population size or population substructuring. However, theory predicts inclusive benefits from mating with kin, and thus part of the observed variation in inbreeding might be due to active inbreeding preferences. Although some recent studies indeed report kin mating preferences, the evidence is still highly ambiguous. Here, we investigate inbreeding in a natural population of the West African cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus which showed clear kin mating preferences in standardized laboratory experiments but no inbreeding depression. The presented microsatellite analysis reveals that the natural population has, in comparison to two reference populations, a reduced allelic diversity (A = 3) resulting in a low heterozygosity (Ho = 0.167) pointing to a highly inbred population. Furthermore, we found a significant heterozygote deficit not only at population (Fis = 0.116) but also at subpopulation level (Fis = 0.081) suggesting that inbreeding is not only a by-product of population substructuring but possibly a consequence of behavioral kin preferences
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