Dendritic Cells From the Cervical Mucosa Capture and Transfer HIV-1 via Siglec-1

Altres ajuts: JM-P and NI-U are supported by the Spanish Secretariat of State of Research, Development and Innovation through grant SAF2016-80033-R. MG is supported by a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG) from the European Commission and by the Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS), from the Catalan government.Antigen presenting cells from the cervical mucosa are thought to amplify incoming HIV-1 and spread infection systemically without being productively infected. Yet, the molecular mechanism at the cervical mucosa underlying this viral transmission pathway remains unknown. Here we identified a subset of HLA-DR+ CD14+ CD11c+ cervical DCs at the lamina propria of the ectocervix and the endocervix that expressed the type-I interferon inducible lectin Siglec-1 (CD169), which promoted viral uptake. In the cervical biopsy of a viremic HIV-1+ patient, Siglec-1+ cells harbored HIV-1-containing compartments, demonstrating that in vivo, these cells trap viruses. Ex vivo, a type-I interferon antiviral environment enhanced viral capture and trans-infection via Siglec-1. Nonetheless, HIV-1 transfer via cervical DCs was effectively prevented with antibodies against Siglec-1. Our findings contribute to decipher how cervical DCs may boost HIV-1 replication and promote systemic viral spread from the cervical mucosa, and highlight the importance of including inhibitors against Siglec-1 in microbicidal strategies

Diferencias clínicas y hematimétricas en pacientes con trombocitemia esencial y mutación para el gen de la calreticulina

Abstract [PB-090] Introducción: La identificación de la mutación somática en el gen CALR ha supuesto un avance diagnóstico en las neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas. Una cuarta parte de los pacientes (ptes) con trombocitemia esencial (TE) presenta dicha mutación, diferenciando dos variantes: la CALR tipo 1 (deleciones) y tipo 2 (inserciones). La TE mutada por CALR podría tratarse no solo de una entidad distinta a nivel molecular, sino también a nivel clínico-analítico. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo unicéntrico. Se incluyen 95 pacientes con TE diagnosticados en el Hospital Miguel Servet. Se analizan variables demográficas, características clínicas y hematimétricas en función de la biología molecular del paciente, establecimiento las diferencias observadas entre los pacientes con mutación JAK-2 y CALR (tipo 1 y tipo 2). Resultados: 35 eran hombres y 60 mujeres. Del total de pacientes, 55 presentaban la mutación JAK-2 (57, 89%), 22 la mutación CALR (23, 15%) (tipo 1: 12 ptes (46, 15%) y tipo 2: 10 ptes (38, 46%)), 5 la mutación MPL (5, 2%) y 9 eran triples negativos (9, 4%). Los ptes con TE mutada con CALR eran más jóvenes que los JAK-2, mediana de edad 65 años (29-84) y 72 años (40-96) respectivamente. Al diagnóstico, las cifras de hemoglobina y leucocitos en ptes JAK-2 eran superiores (mediana 14, 6 g/dL y 9, 30. 10³/µL) frente a CALR tipo 1 (mediana 14, 1 g/dL y 7, 78.10³/µL) y tipo 2 (14, 4 g/dL y 7, 80.10³/µL) y presentaban un recuento menor de plaquetas (mediana 744.10³/µL) frente a CALR tipo 1 (mediana 836. 10³/µL) y tipo 2 (mediana 916.10³/µL). Todos los pacientes CALR presentaban niveles normales de eritropoyetina mientras que un 18% JAK-2 presentaban niveles descendidos. 17 ptes (12, 72%) JAK-2, 3 ptes (25%) CALR tipo 1 y 1 pte (10%) CALR tipo 2 presentaban esplenomegalia. Presentaron episodio trombótico previo al diagnóstico: 5 ptes JAK- 2 (9%), de éstos 5 ptes eran hipertensos y 2 dislipémicos, 1 pte CALR tipo 1 (8, 3%), era hipertenso, dislipémico y fumador y ninguno CALR tipo 2, 1 pte era hipertenso. Tras el diagnóstico 1 pte JAK2 presentó nuevo episodio trombótico posteriormente. Al diagnóstico, 41 pacientes JAK-2 se les realizó biopsia ósea (74, 5%) con reticulina grado 1: 11 ptes (26, 82%), grado 2: 3 ptes (7, 3%) y grado 3: 0 ptes; a 11 ptes CALR tipo 1 (91, 6%) con reticulina grado 1: 3 ptes (27, 27%) y grado 2-3: 0 ptes; a 7 pacientes CALR tipo 2 (70%) con reticulina tipo 1: 3 ptes (44, 85%) y grado 2-3: 0 ptes. Conclusiones: La TE con mutación CALR parece comportarse de manera diferente en térmicos de características biológicas, hematológicas y clínicas frente a la mutación JAK2. Afecta a individuos relativamente jóvenes y se caracteriza por un recuento de plaquetas mayor pero con un riesgo trombótico inferior, especialmente los pacientes CALR tipo 2. Aunque en nuestra serie no encontramos grandes diferencias entre los subtipos de CALR, probablemente por el escaso número de ptes, creemos que ampliando la muestra existan diferencias entre ambos subgrupos que podrían implicar diferentes algoritmos terapéuticos

Perfil clínico y analítico de pacientes con trombocitemia esencial y JAK2 mutado. experiencia en nuestro centro

Abstract [PB-094] Introducción: La trombocitemia esencial (TE) es una neoplasia mieloproliferativa crónica caracterizada por un aumento persistente de la cifra de plaquetas a expensas de una hiperplasia megacariocítica. Estos pacientes pueden presentar distintas mutaciones (JAK2, CALR, MPL) que se han relacionado con un curso clínico distinto de la enfermedad. El 50- 60 % de los pacientes con TE presentan la mutación V617F del gen JAK2 y se ha observado que presentan algunas características clínicas y hematimétricas similares a los pacientes con Policitemia Vera, en los que esta mutación está presente en un 95%. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y prospectivo unicéntrico, en el que se han analizado características clínicas y datos de laboratorio de los pacientes diagnosticados de Trombocitemia Esencial JAK2 mutado en nuestro hospital, así como las diferencias en la presentación de la enfermedad de aquellos pacientes JAK2 no mutado (incluyendo pacientes con la mutación CALR o MPL y los pacientes triple negativos). Resultados: Se han analizado 95 pacientes. De estos 35 (36, 84%) eran hombres y 60 (63, 16%) mujeres diagnosticados entre 2000 y 2017. Se analizaron las siguientes variables. Conclusiones: Es importante la caracterización molecular de estos pacientes puesto que se relaciona con la presentación clínica de la enfermedad. Como se ha descrito en la literatura, en nuestra experiencia la mutación más frecuentemente encontrada es JAK2 (V617F). En nuestra serie de casos se ha observado que la mediana de edad en estos pacientes es mayor que en el resto de grupos (excepto en el grupo con MPL, probablemente por el escaso número de pacientes). Además, se observa analíticamente un mayor nivel de hemoglobina, hematocrito y leucocitos, y una cifra menor de ferritina y de plaquetas. También encontramos la eritropoyetina descendida en 20 % de estos pacientes, sin observarse ningún caso en el resto de grupos. Desde el punto de vista clínico se observa con mayor frecuencia la aparición de fenómenos trombóticos, así como presentación de prurito

A novel form of human disease with a protease-sensitive prion protein and heterozygosity methionine/valine at codon 129: Case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder in humans included in the group of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies or prion diseases. The vast majority of sCJD cases are molecularly classified according to the abnormal prion protein (PrP^Sc) conformations along with polymorphism of codon 129 of the PRNP gene. Recently, a novel human disease, termed "protease-sensitive prionopathy", has been described. This disease shows a distinct clinical and neuropathological phenotype and it is associated to an abnormal prion protein more sensitive to protease digestion.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 75-year-old-man who developed a clinical course and presented pathologic lesions compatible with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and biochemical findings reminiscent of "protease-sensitive prionopathy". Neuropathological examinations revealed spongiform change mainly affecting the cerebral cortex, putamen/globus pallidus and thalamus, accompanied by mild astrocytosis and microgliosis, with slight involvement of the cerebellum. Confluent vacuoles were absent. Diffuse synaptic PrP deposits in these regions were largely removed following proteinase treatment. PrP deposition, as revealed with 3F4 and 1E4 antibodies, was markedly sensitive to pre-treatment with proteinase K. Molecular analysis of PrP^Scshowed an abnormal prion protein more sensitive to proteinase K digestion, with a five-band pattern of 28, 24, 21, 19, and 16 kDa, and three aglycosylated isoforms of 19, 16 and 6 kDa. This PrP^Scwas estimated to be 80% susceptible to digestion while the pathogenic prion protein associated with classical forms of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were only 2% (type VV2) and 23% (type MM1) susceptible. No mutations in the PRNP gene were found and genotype for codon 129 was heterozygous methionine/valine.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A novel form of human disease with abnormal prion protein sensitive to protease and MV at codon 129 was described. Although clinical signs were compatible with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the molecular subtype with the abnormal prion protein isoforms showing enhanced protease sensitivity was reminiscent of the "protease-sensitive prionopathy". It remains to be established whether the differences found between the latter and this case are due to the polymorphism at codon 129. Different degrees of proteinase K susceptibility were easily determined with the chemical polymer detection system which could help to detect proteinase-susceptible pathologic prion protein in diseases other than the classical ones.</p

Corrigendum to: Comparative study of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) and non-criteria obstetric APS (NC-OAPS): report of 1640 cases from EUROAPS registry

Rheumatology 2020;59:1306–1314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez419 In the original article, the affiliation of co-author Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola should have read: “Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy”. These details have been corrected only in this corrigendum to preserve the published version of record

Anisotropy and chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies $E>E_{th}=5.5\times 10^{19}$ eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby extragalactic objects, including an apparent excess around the direction of Centaurus A. If the particles responsible for these excesses at $E>E_{th}$ are heavy nuclei with charge $Z$, the proton component of the sources should lead to excesses in the same regions at energies $E/Z$. We here report the lack of anisotropies in these directions at energies above $E_{th}/Z$ (for illustrative values of $Z=6,\ 13,\ 26$). If the anisotropies above $E_{th}$ are due to nuclei with charge $Z$, and under reasonable assumptions about the acceleration process, these observations imply stringent constraints on the allowed proton fraction at the lower energies

Operations of and Future Plans for the Pierre Auger Observatory

Technical reports on operations and features of the Pierre Auger Observatory, including ongoing and planned enhancements and the status of the future northern hemisphere portion of the Observatory. Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009.Comment: Contributions to the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 200

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201