Functional Metagenomics of the Bronchial Microbiome in COPD

Altres ajuts: Sociedad Catalana de Neumología; Fundació Catalana de Neumología; Fundació Parc Tauli; Marató de TV3; Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica; Fundación Menarini; Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) [Prometeo/2009/092] i Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently aggravated by exacerbations, and changes in the composition and activity of the microbiome may be implicated in their appearance. The aim of this study was to analyse the composition and the gene content of the microbial community in bronchial secretions of COPD patients in both stability and exacerbation. Taxonomic data were obtained by 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing, and metabolic information through shotgun metagenomics, using the Metagenomics RAST server (MG-RAST), and the PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) programme, which predict metagenomes from 16S data. Eight severe COPD patients provided good quality sputum samples, and no significant differences in the relative abundance of any phyla and genera were found between stability and exacerbation. Bacterial biodiversity (Chao1 and Shannon indexes) did not show statistical differences and beta-diversity analysis (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index) showed a similar microbial composition in the two clinical situations. Four functional categories showed statistically significant differences with MG-RAST at KEGG level 2: in exacerbation, Cell growth and Death and Transport and Catabolism decreased in abundance [1.6 (0.2-2.3) vs 3.6 (3.3-6.9), p = 0.012; and 1.8 (0-3.3) vs 3.6 (1.8-5.1), p = 0.025 respectively], while Cancer and Carbohydrate Metabolism increased [0.8 (0-1.5) vs 0 (0-0.5), p = 0.043; and 7 (6.4-9) vs 5.9 (6.3-6.1), p = 0.012 respectively]. In conclusion, the bronchial microbiome as a whole is not significantly modified when exacerbation symptoms appear in severe COPD patients, but its functional metabolic capabilities show significant changes in several pathways

Avaliação de dois métodos de diagnóstico precoce de gestação em ovelhas: ultra-sonografia transretal e detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes (DPPR-80®)

Ultrasonography was perfomed in 88 ewes from Núcleo de Pesquisas Zootécnicas Sudoeste - Instituto de Zootecnia, São Paulo state, from march to may , 2001. Animals were examined from 19º to 33º days of pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography in alternate days examinations, and by pregnancy detector for small ruminants (DPPR-80Ò) from 25º to 45º day. Positive diagnostic by transretal ultrasonography was obtained after yolk sac visualization. The embryo heartbeat was observed after 25 day of pregnancy. The positive diagnostic was obtained by pregnancy detector when embrionic heart was 160 to 200 beats/minute. Births confirmed the examinations. Three abortions ocurred during the experiment and these females were excluded from the group. From 85 ewes examined, 64 lambed. The transrectal ultrasonography accuracy in 19º day of pregnancy was 35,29%, with higher rate (82,53%) in 31º day. The doppler accuracy in 25º day was 24,71% and 34,12.00% in 45º day. Embryo heartbeat was detected by transrectal ultrasonography after 21 days of pregnancy and the first placentoms were observed after 25 days of pregnancy. In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonography was better than doppler in early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep.No período de março a maio de 2001, foram realizados os exames ultra-sonográficos em 88 ovelhas do Núcleo de Pesquisas Zootécnicas Sudoeste - Instituto de Zootecnia. Os animais foram examinados entre o 19º e 33º dia de gestação pela ultra-sonografia transretal com exames executados em dias alternados, e do 25º ao 45º dia pelo detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes (DPPR-80Ò). O diagnóstico foi considerado positivo pela ultra-sonografia transretal por meio da visualização do saco gestacional e embrião. Após o 25º dia de gestação foi observado também o batimento cardíaco embrionário, cuja freqüência é de 160 a 200 batimentos por minuto. Esta observação foi dada como diagnóstico de gestação. Os nascimentos confirmaram os resultados dos exames. Dentre 88 fêmeas acasaladas, 3 abortaram durante o experimento e foram retiradas do grupo. Das 85 fêmeas restantes, 64 pariram. O diagnóstico de prenhez por meio da ultra-sonografia transretal apresentou 35,29% de acurácia no 19º dia de gestação, culminando em 82,35.00% no 31º dia de gestação. Pelo detector de prenhez, a acurácia foi de 24,71% no 25º dia de gestação e 34,12.00% no 45º dia. Foi possível visualizar os batimentos cardíacos do embrião pela ultra-sonografia transretal à partir do 21º dia de gestação e os primeiros placentomas foram observados ao redor do 25º dia de gestação. A ultra-sonografia transretal mostrou-se um método superior ao detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes, para diagnóstico precoce de gestação em ovelhas

Avaliação de dois métodos de diagnóstico precoce de gestação em ovelhas: ultra-sonografia transretal e detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes (DPPR-80®)

Ultrasonography was perfomed in 88 ewes from Núcleo de Pesquisas Zootécnicas Sudoeste - Instituto de Zootecnia, São Paulo state, from march to may , 2001. Animals were examined from 19º to 33º days of pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography in alternate days examinations, and by pregnancy detector for small ruminants (DPPR-80Ò) from 25º to 45º day. Positive diagnostic by transretal ultrasonography was obtained after yolk sac visualization. The embryo heartbeat was observed after 25 day of pregnancy. The positive diagnostic was obtained by pregnancy detector when embrionic heart was 160 to 200 beats/minute. Births confirmed the examinations. Three abortions ocurred during the experiment and these females were excluded from the group. From 85 ewes examined, 64 lambed. The transrectal ultrasonography accuracy in 19º day of pregnancy was 35,29%, with higher rate (82,53%) in 31º day. The doppler accuracy in 25º day was 24,71% and 34,12.00% in 45º day. Embryo heartbeat was detected by transrectal ultrasonography after 21 days of pregnancy and the first placentoms were observed after 25 days of pregnancy. In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonography was better than doppler in early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep.No período de março a maio de 2001, foram realizados os exames ultra-sonográficos em 88 ovelhas do Núcleo de Pesquisas Zootécnicas Sudoeste - Instituto de Zootecnia. Os animais foram examinados entre o 19º e 33º dia de gestação pela ultra-sonografia transretal com exames executados em dias alternados, e do 25º ao 45º dia pelo detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes (DPPR-80Ò). O diagnóstico foi considerado positivo pela ultra-sonografia transretal por meio da visualização do saco gestacional e embrião. Após o 25º dia de gestação foi observado também o batimento cardíaco embrionário, cuja freqüência é de 160 a 200 batimentos por minuto. Esta observação foi dada como diagnóstico de gestação. Os nascimentos confirmaram os resultados dos exames. Dentre 88 fêmeas acasaladas, 3 abortaram durante o experimento e foram retiradas do grupo. Das 85 fêmeas restantes, 64 pariram. O diagnóstico de prenhez por meio da ultra-sonografia transretal apresentou 35,29% de acurácia no 19º dia de gestação, culminando em 82,35.00% no 31º dia de gestação. Pelo detector de prenhez, a acurácia foi de 24,71% no 25º dia de gestação e 34,12.00% no 45º dia. Foi possível visualizar os batimentos cardíacos do embrião pela ultra-sonografia transretal à partir do 21º dia de gestação e os primeiros placentomas foram observados ao redor do 25º dia de gestação. A ultra-sonografia transretal mostrou-se um método superior ao detector de prenhez para pequenos ruminantes, para diagnóstico precoce de gestação em ovelhas

Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome: ABESO 2022

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dinâmicas de (investig)ação em contextos de promoção da língua portuguesa: a presença do CIDTFF na rede Camões, I.P.

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Os principais tipos e manifestações da Cirrose Hepática: uma atualização clínica

Introdução: A cirrose hepática é um processo patológica crônico, considerado a hepatopatia mais comum, definido como a conversão difusa morfoestrutural por nódulos de arquitetura anômalo envoltos por fibrose. Objetivou-se descrever os tipos mais relevantes de cirrose e suas devidas manifestações. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, fundamentada nas plataformas do SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, utilizando os termos “hepatical cirrhosis”, “liver disease” e “hepatocellular insufficiency” a qual através da revisão narrativa, abordou amplamente a respeito da contextualização da cirrose e as principais etiologias. Resultados e Discussão: Foi analisado que tal condição afeta qualquer faixa etária, sexo, etnia e independe da classe socioeconômica, mas as diversas etiologias impõem um perfil epidemiológico específico conforme a aparição. As principais origens abordam o tipo alcoólico, hepatite, aplicação crônica de alguns fármacos e esteatose gordurosa ou não. Ademais, estima-se que estas afetam a anatomofuncionalidade do órgão responsável por grande parte da homeostase, culminando em diversas manifestações clínicas.  Conclusão: A cirrose é uma consequência grave de fatores de base em estágio avançado, a qual devido ao seu curso geralmente silencioso culmina no desenvolvimento e progressão clínica. Neste contexto, a atenção aos fatores predisponentes como alimentação rica em lipídios, estilismo, negligência a exames de rotina, sedentarismo e obesidade contribuem constituem medidas eficazes de prevenção primária.&nbsp

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

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Investigação acerca da performance e seus aspectos relacionados a preparação do performer

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