Unidad didáctica sobre operaciones con números enteros

El objetivo general de esta unidad didáctica es trabajar con los estudiantes la noción de números enteros, teniendo en cuenta que es una estructura algebraica que se extiende de la estructura del conjunto de los números naturales; en los números enteros se definen las operaciones adición y multiplicación, las cuales cumplen las propiedades clausurativa, conmutativa, asociativa, existencia de elemento neutro, existencia de elemento inverso aditivo y multiplicativo, respectivamente, y finalmente la propiedad distributiva de la multiplicación con respecto a la adición. Las actividades las hemos planteado a partir de la adición y la multiplicación, de tal manera que durante el proceso utilicen las propiedades mencionadas anteriormente. En el desarrollo de la actividades no hará énfasis en qué consisten las propiedades, sino en su uso

Algunas sumas en la tabla pitagórica de multiplicar

Presentamos algunos resultados obtenidos con niños entre 11 y 16 años que asistieron al Club de matemáticas de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional en el I semestre de 2006. La actividad con los niños inicia con la tabla pitagórica de multiplicar, proponiéndoles que realicemos algunas sumas en ella. Sumamos filas, diagonales y gnomones, y con ello obtenemos la suma de los primeros n números naturales, pares, impares, triangulares, cuadrados y cúbicos

Elaboración de Queso de Capas Utilizando como Agente de Cuajo, una Mezcla de Renina y Extracto de Bromelina del Epicarpio de la Piña Variedad Cayena Lisa (Ananas comosus)

This research is about layered cheese, it was made using a mixture of coagulant from renin and bromelain, extracted from the epicarp of Cayena lisa pineapple variety (Ananas comosus). Six pineapples were processed to get the bromelain enzyme extract, it was using the experimental method by precipitation (Ketnawa, 2011); an average of 93.67 ml of bromelain extract was obtained from 2.27 kg of fruit epicarp. Formulations of coagulant mixture were determined (renin and bromelain extract), it was having the ability to coagulate casein to obtain layered cheese, using standardized cow's milk. The result of the experimental phase, shown that the sample 2, which contains 0.25 ml of renin and 0.75 ml of bromelain extract, had the best practical performance with 17.21%; and the sample 5, which contains 1.0 ml of bromelain extract only, was the second with the best practical performance of 14.20%, compared with the theoretical performance of 42.30%

Elaboración de queso de capas utilizando como agente de cuajo, una mezcla de renina y extracto de bromelina del epicarpio de la piña variedad cayena lisa (Ananas comosus)

ABSTRACT This research is about layered cheese, it was made using a mixture of coagulant from renin and bromelain, extracted from the epicarp of Cayena lisa pineapple variety (Ananas comosus). Six pineapples were processed to get the bromelain enzyme extract, it was using the experimental method by precipitation (Ketnawa, 2011); an average of 93.67 ml of bromelain extract was obtained from 2.27 kg of fruit epicarp. Formulations of coagulant mixture were determined (renin and bromelain extract), it was having the ability to coagulate casein to obtain layered cheese, using standardized cow's milk. The result of the experimental phase, shown that the sample 2, which contains 0.25 ml of renin and 0.75 ml of bromelain extract, had the best practical performance with 17.21%; and the sample 5, which contains 1.0 ml of bromelain extract only, was the second with the best practical performance of 14.20%, compared with the theoretical performance of 42.30%. For the sensory acceptability assessment, the five formulated samples were evaluated by fifteen panelists in two rounds of sensory evaluation, using the 7-point hedonic scale descriptive method; The result was that mixture 3, which contains 0.50 ml of renin and 0.50 bromelain extract, obtained the highest acceptability in the sensory evaluation, with an average score of 6 points for both rounds and sensory appreciation of "I like it very much". Using the randomized block statistical analysis method, it was determined that smell in layered cheese is the only attribute that is common among the different samples presented, contrary of color, flavor, and texture attributes, which do show a statistically significant difference

Calidad de vida en adultos mayores con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one the most significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It has psychosocial and pathophysiological effects that impact in a significant way to those who suffer from it. Objective. To evaluate quality of life from patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through the SF-36 survey (Spanish version for Colombia (SF-36 v2)) made during an external medical appointment made in Floridablanca, Colombia in 2015. Methodology. Descriptive cross sectional study performed to 40 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These patients attended to external pulmonology medical appointments between February and November of 2015 and filled out the short form SF-36 v2 after signing informed consent. The database was created under license using QualityMetric Health Outcomes™ Scoring Software 4.0. Results. 40 patients, with an average age of 73 years (DE ± 8.4), participated in this study. When analyzing data, it was found that the physical functioning dimensions were values lower than 50. On the other hand, it was found that dimensions related to social functioning and emotional role had higher values and close to the ones reported by healthy population. Conclusions. Patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed a decrease in quality of life, in both of its dimensions: physical and mental, compared to healthy population’s reference values. It is ratified that this disease impacts all sub-scales of this construct, specially the ones related to the physical component. [Cáceres-Rivera DI, Roa-Díaz ZM, Domínguez CL, Carreño-Robayo JH, Orozco-LeviMA. Quality of life in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MedUNAB. 2018;21(1):46-58. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2512].Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una importante causa de mortalidad y morbilidad a nivel mundial y tiene efectos psicosociales y fisiopatológicos que repercuten de manera significativa en la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica a través del instrumento SF-36, versión en español para Colombia (SF-36 v2), en un servicio de consulta externa de Floridablanca, Colombia, durante el año 2015. Metodología. Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo realizado en 40 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que asistieron al servicio de consulta externa por Neumología entre los meses de febrero y noviembre de 2015. El cuestionario SF-36 v2 fue diligenciado por todos los participantes; previamente, se firmó el consentimiento informado. La base de datos fue digitada, bajo licencia, en QualityMetric Health Outcomes™ Scoring Software 4.0. Resultados. Participaron 40 pacientes, con una edad media de 73 (DE ± 8.4) años. En las dimensiones de funcionamiento físico se encontraron valores inferiores a 50; por otra parte, las dimensiones Funcionamiento Social y Rol Emocional presentaron valores superiores y cercanos a los reportados por población sana. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica mostraron una disminución en la calidad de vida comparado con los valores de referencia en población en general en sus dos componentes: físico y mental. Se ratifica el impacto que tiene esta enfermedad en todas las subescalas que componen este constructo, especialmente en el componente físico. [Cáceres-Rivera DI, Roa-Díaz ZM, Domínguez CL, Carreño-Robayo JH, Orozco-Levi MA. Calidad de vida en adultos mayores con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. MedUNAB. 2018;21(1):46- 58. doi: 10.29375/01237047.2512]

Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 674

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 28/10/22 al 03/11/22 Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con Brasil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Perú, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, El Salvador, Panamá, Bahamas, Estados Unidos, Francia, Eslovenia, Letonia, Chipre y Palestina. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños, Club de París, y Relaciones económicas internacionales

Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 664

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 19/08/22 al 25/08/22. Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Cuba, Estados Unidos, España, Francia, Alemania, Rusia, Ucrania, China e Irán. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y Caribeños, Relaciones económicas internacionales, Cuestión Malvinas, Grupo de Puebla y Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina

Gamificación en Iberoamérica. Experiencias desde la comunicación y la educación

La presente obra capitular es el resultado de las investigaciones sobre las aplicaciones de la gamificación en contextos múltiples, emergentes provenientes de las comunicaciones presentadas en el Simposio 06 del III Congreso Internacional Comunicación y Pensamiento (Sevilla, España), así como de aquellas presentadas por los miembros del Gamelab UPS, del Proyecto I+D+i Coordinado “Competencias mediáticas de la ciudadanía en medios digitales emergentes (smartphones y tablets): Prácticas innovadoras y estrategias educomunicativas en contextos múltiples” (EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R) (MINECO/FEDER), de la “Red de Educación Mediática” del Programa Estatal de Investigación Científica-Técnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (EDU2016-81772-REDT), financiados por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España. En este sentido se busca construir, desde una mirada dual desde Europa y América Latina el primer libro iberoamericano de gamificación, avalado por el Gamelab de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador), el Proyecto I+D+i EDU2015-64015-C3-1-R, la Red Interuniversitaria Euroamericana de Investigación sobre Competencias Mediáticas para la Ciudadanía (Alfamed), el Laboratorio de Estudios en Comunicación (Ladecom) y el Grupo de Investigación Ágora (PAI-HUM-648) de la Universidad de Huelva (España) y el Grupo de Investigación Estructura, Historia y Contenidos de la Comunicación GREHCCO

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality