Salud sexual y reproductiva con enfoque intercultural : Reflexiones sobre la calidad de atención en un hospital público de Buenos Aires

El presente trabajo se propone problematizar las políticas públicas y acciones sanitarias en materia de salud sexual y reproductiva con relación al reconocimiento y cumplimiento efectivo en este campo de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas y la población migrante. Para ello, se tomará como eje de análisis una entrevista realizada a la jefa del servicio de obstetricia de un hospital público de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Entre los temas que buscaremos desarrollar se destacan el tratamiento brindado por un equipo de salud a mujeres migrantes e indígenas, atendiendo particularmente a los condicionamientos y las dificultades de acceso a la atención en salud reproductiva. Asimismo, se problematizará sobre la injerencia de los organismos internacionales de desarrollo en los programas sociales, principalmente en la implementación de políticas públicas en salud sexual y reproductiva inspiradas o impuestas por ellos. Por último, se delineará la necesidad de un cambio paradigmático en el modelo de atención en salud sexual y reproductiva. En este sentido, destacaremos como un elemento fundamental la participación activa de la población en la definición de políticas públicas y acciones sanitarias, así como también la adecuación cultural de los trabajadores de la salud.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Impactos y gestión de erupciones volcánicas en Argentina: una mirada interdisciplinaria sobre el ciclo eruptivo 2018-2019 del volcán Peteroa

Argentina es un extenso país con numerosas evidencias de actividad volcánica. Sin considerar el volcanismo antártico (e.g. Isla Decepción, en las Shetland del Sur), en el país existen 38 volcanes con registro de actividad holocena, 20 enteramente en territorio argentino y 18 en el límite internacional con Chile (García y Badi, 2021). La totalidad de estos sistemas volcánicos activos se encuentran emplazados en el extremo occidental del territorio. Sin embargo, al pensar en las posibles consecuencias de la actividad volcánica en el país, también deben considerarse los más de 70 volcanes activos ubicados íntegramente en territorio chileno (Amigo, 2021). Más allá de los procesos circunscritos a las inmediaciones de los edificios volcánicos (e.g. corrientes piroclásticas, flujos de lava, lahares), el principal peligro volcánico para el territorio argentino es la caída de tefra. En particular, la fracción tamaño ceniza (diámetro 1 km³–, han ocasionado una multiplicidad de impactos adversos, tanto en el ambiente, como en la economía y la vida cotidiana de las personas (Craig et al., 2016). Pero además de estas erupciones de moderada a gran magnitud, en los Andes también ocurren erupciones menores. Este tipo de erupciones, por lo general, no adquieren trascendencia mediática ni ocupan un espacio de relevancia en la agenda pública nacional. Esta invisibilización, en parte, puede entenderse al observar la distribución demográfica de Argentina que indica que los principales núcleos urbanos se encuentran mayormente alejados de los sistemas volcánicos activos. En este sentido, resulta sencillo imaginar que estas pequeñas erupciones, de volcanes emplazados en rincones remotos del país no afectan a nadie. Pero, ¿cuánto de cierto hay en esta afirmación? ¿Qué ocurre con los pobladores rurales que habitan estos territorios? En este trabajo nos adentramos en una de estas áreas remotas de la cordillera de los Andes con el objetivo de dar respuesta a estos interrogantes. Más específicamente, visitamos la cuenca alta del Río Grande en la provincia de Mendoza; zona que fue afectada por la erupción del volcán Peteroa en 2018-2019 (Fig. 1). El interés de nuestra investigación se centra no solo en comprender los efectos de esta erupción en el ambiente y las personas sino también en analizar la gestión de una crisis volcánica en un territorio andino constituido predominantemente por población rural. Para esto conformamos un equipo de trabajo interdisciplinario e implementamos, de manera combinada, herramientas de las ciencias sociales y naturales

Prevalence of celiac disease among blood donors in São Paulo: the most populated city in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, which leads to an immunemediated inflammation of the small intestine mucosa. The prevalence of celiac disease varies among different nations and ethnic backgrounds, and its diversity is determined by genetic and environmental factors. São Paulo city is one of the largest cities in the world, with a vast population and an important history of internal migratory flow from other Brazilian regions, as well as immigration from other, primarily European, countries, resulting in significant miscegenation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of adults with undiagnosed celiac disease among blood donors of São Paulo by collecting information on the ancestry of the population studied. METHODS: The prevalence of celiac disease was assessed by screening for positive IgA transglutaminase and IgA endomysium antibodies in 4,000 donors (volunteers) in the Fundação Pró-Sangue Blood Center of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. The antibody-positive subjects were asked to undergo a small bowel biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 4,000 subjects, twenty-four had positive tests, although both antibody tests were not always concordant. For example, ten subjects were positive for IgA tissue transglutaminase only. In twenty-one positive patients, duodenal biopsies were performed, and the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in fourteen patients (Marsh criteria modified by Oberhuber). In this group, 67% claimed to have European ancestry, mainly from Italy, Portugal and Spain. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of celiac disease is at least 1:286 among supposedly healthy blood bank volunteers in São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence of celiac disease among blood donors in São Paulo: the most populated city in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, which leads to an immunemediated inflammation of the small intestine mucosa. The prevalence of celiac disease varies among different nations and ethnic backgrounds, and its diversity is determined by genetic and environmental factors. São Paulo city is one of the largest cities in the world, with a vast population and an important history of internal migratory flow from other Brazilian regions, as well as immigration from other, primarily European, countries, resulting in significant miscegenation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of adults with undiagnosed celiac disease among blood donors of São Paulo by collecting information on the ancestry of the population studied. METHODS: The prevalence of celiac disease was assessed by screening for positive IgA transglutaminase and IgA endomysium antibodies in 4,000 donors (volunteers) in the Fundação Pró-Sangue Blood Center of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. The antibody-positive subjects were asked to undergo a small bowel biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 4,000 subjects, twenty-four had positive tests, although both antibody tests were not always concordant. For example, ten subjects were positive for IgA tissue transglutaminase only. In twenty-one positive patients, duodenal biopsies were performed, and the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in fourteen patients (Marsh criteria modified by Oberhuber). In this group, 67% claimed to have European ancestry, mainly from Italy, Portugal and Spain. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of celiac disease is at least 1:286 among supposedly healthy blood bank volunteers in São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence of celiac disease among blood donors in Sao Paulo - the most populated city in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, which leads to an immune-mediated inflammation of the small intestine mucosa. The prevalence of celiac disease varies among different nations and ethnic backgrounds, and its diversity is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Sao Paulo city is one of the largest cities in the world, with a vast population and an important history of internal migratory flow from other Brazilian regions, as well as immigration from other, primarily European, countries, resulting in significant miscegenation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of adults with undiagnosed celiac disease among blood donors of Sao Paulo by collecting information on the ancestry of the population studied. METHODS: The prevalence of celiac disease was assessed by screening for positive IgA transglutaminase and IgA endomysium antibodies in 4,000 donors (volunteers) in the Fundacao Pro-Sangue Blood Center of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The antibody-positive subjects were asked to undergo a small bowel biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 4,000 subjects, twenty-four had positive tests, although both antibody tests were not always concordant. For example, ten subjects were positive for IgA tissue transglutaminase only. In twenty-one positive patients, duodenal biopsies were performed, and the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in fourteen patients (Marsh criteria modified by Oberhuber). In this group, 67% claimed to have European ancestry, mainly from Italy, Portugal and Spain. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of celiac disease is at least 1: 286 among supposedly healthy blood bank volunteers in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Test of lepton universality in b→sℓ+ℓ−b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^- decays

The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ and $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, $q^{2}$. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given $q^{2}$ interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-046.html (LHCb public pages