Cuerpo y subjetividad: Un nuevo camino para la psicología del desarrollo

La tesis plantea una posible vía de articulación entre las reflexiones fenomenológicas y los hallazgos empíricos de la psicología del desarrollo. En la primera se abordan algunos planteamientos de la psicología clásica del desarrollo alrededor del desarrollo motor y la aparición de la representación o función simbólica. A continuación se someten a crítica estos planteamientos a manera de preparación para ciertos enfoques corporeizados de la cognición que permiten reformular el problema de la relación entre el nivel sensorio-motriz y el nivel representacional. Al presentar los postulados teóricos y los hallazgos empíricos de la teoría de sistemas dinámicos, se retoma la necesidad de considerar una forma primordial de autoconsciencia inscrita en la experiencia corporal. Finalmente, luego de esbozar las líneas generales de la fenomenología, se propone una síntesis de los problemas mencionados desde esta perspectiva.Abstract. The Thesis proposes a way of articulating phenomenological reflections with the empirical findings from developmental psychology. Firstly, it is established the distinction between sensory-motor and representational levels as is commonly stated in classical developmental psychology. After criticizing these ideas, we adopt an embodied cognition approach in order to reformulate the relationship between the two levels. Specifically, the dynamic systems approach is developed because it leads our attention towards certain phenomena of bodily experience that will prove fruitful for the problem discussed. Finally, once the phenomenological approach is outlined, it is applied to the problems of bodily self-consciousness and intermodality.Maestrí

Los modos de la atención

En este texto se analizan algunas concepciones clásicas y alternativas del fenómeno de la atención. Luego de revisar algunos de los planteamientos tradicionales a la hora de concebir este proceso cognitivo, se defiende la importancia de una perspectiva fenomenológica de la atención. En este sentido se retoman las ideas de fenomenólogos como Husserl, Sartre y Merlau-Ponty con el objeto de establecer una distinción de niveles en el proceso atencional. Específicamente, se distingue entre las formas pasivas y activas de la atención. La separación y caracterización de niveles es fundamental, pues permite establecer estratos del fenómeno que a menudo se pasan por alto en las teorías de la atención. La concepción fenomenológica de la atención postula distintos niveles de consciencia que ponen en evidencia las formas de significación de las que dispone el sujeto en su relación con el mundo: la forma pasiva se corresponde con la consciencia prerreflexiva, mientras que la activa puede vincularse a las formas reflexivas de dirigir la atención. En cuanto a las formas pasivas, se enfatiza en las formas de la organización de los contenidos de la experiencia, y en lo que concierne a las formas activas, se resalta cómo el sentido de agencia es fundamental en la determinación de la corriente de experiencias. Tales distinciones son fundamentales para una caracterización apropiada del campo de atención.//In this text, it is claimed that a phenomenological approach to attention could provide important distinctions concerning different levels of consciousness. After criticizing some classical ideas about attention, the phenomenological ideas are introduced pointing how relevant they are for conceiving key aspects of attention that are usually overlooked in other theories. By revisiting seminal ideas from Husserl, Gurvistch, Sartre and Merlau-Ponty, the relationship between the workings of attention and the modes of consciousness explored by phenomenology is underscored. From this point of view, two basic modes of attention are distinguished: a passive form which is involved in the forms of synthesis responsible for the structure of the immediate contents of experience, and an active mode, characterized by the sense of agency which allows the subject to make distinctions, individuate and highlight different aspects from the structure of experience. There is a dynamic relation between these two forms of attention and how they can be identified with two modes of consciousness: while the passive form corresponds to pre-reflective consciousness, the active form is equivalent to the more reflective ways of directing the attention. The pre-reflective mode of consciousness characterizes the continuous forms of being related with the world without exerting meta-cognitive monitoring over our experiences. The active mode attention can only operate on the basis of pre-reflective consciousness

Análisis empírico de la MDO en el español: tensión armónica entre iconicidad y economía

Differential Object Marking (DOM) is a linguistic phenomenon of many languages like Spanish, in which the preposition ‘a’ appears before direct objects. Current theory states that this phenomenon is ruled by the tension between iconicity (markedness) and economy (omission), In order to test this hypothesis, a 218-million tweets corpora representing all varieties of Spanish was used. 4,967 DOM cases showing marking, omission and optional marking were found in the Colombian Spanish corpus, which were tagged manually with 12 binary features and used to study other varieties. Through statistical analysis, it was discovered that this phenomenon is ruled by two highly correlated (r=0,92) tensions that can be associated with iconicity (13,47%) and economy (86,53%). This finding suggests that these tensions are not independent but rather controlled by a common factor named, in this study, as harmonic tension. This study provides the degree of importance of the features analyzed, which is used to propose a new feature hierarchy that confirms empirically other small ones proposed before. It can be concluded that this harmonic tension is an empirical plausible model to demonstrate the percentage of DOM in Spanish.La marcación diferencial del objeto es un fenómeno gramatical de varias lenguas como el español, en la cual el morfema ‘a’ aparece ante ciertos objetos directos. La teoría actual plantea que este fenómeno está dominado por la tensión entre: la iconicidad (marcación) y la economía (omisión). Para probar esta hipótesis, se utilizó un corpus de 218 millones de tuits de distintas variedades del español. Se encontraron 4.967 casos de marcación, opcionalidad y omisión de la MDO del español de Colombia que se caracterizaron manualmente con 12 rasgos semánticos binarios y que fueron utilizados para estudiar las demás variedades. El análisis estadístico arrojó que el fenómeno está gobernado por dos fuerzas altamente correlacionadas (r=0,92) que se pueden asociar a la iconicidad (13,47%) y la economía (86,53%). Estas fuerzas no son independientes; están controladas por un factor común, el cual se nombra en este estudio como tensión armónica. Se reporta el grado de importancia de los 12 rasgos para proponer una nueva jerarquía que confirma empíricamente otras antes propuestas. Se concluye que la tensión armónica es un modelo plausible con soporte empírico para modelar el porcentaje de la MDO del español

Escuela para madres y padres sobre bilingüismo y aprendizaje del inglés

Memoria del proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio titulado Escuela para madres y padres sobre bilingüismo y aprendizaje del inglés, dirigido por el Dr. D. Daniel Martín González y financiado por la Oficina de Aprendizaje y Servicio de la UCM en la Convocatoria de Proyectos de Aprendizaje y Servicio 2021-22

Anatomical and Physiological Plasticity in Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) along Large-Scale Longitudinal Gradient in Northeast China

Although it has been widely accepted that global changes will pose the most important constrains to plant survival and distribution, our knowledge of the adaptive mechanism for plant with large-scale environmental changes (e.g. drought and high temperature) remains limited.An experiment was conducted to examine anatomical and physiological plasticity in Leymus chinensis along a large-scale geographical gradient from 115° to 124°E in northeast China. Ten sites selected for plant sampling at the gradient have approximately theoretical radiation, but differ in precipitation and elevation. The significantly increasing in leaf thickness, leaf mass per area, vessel and vascular diameters, and decreasing in stoma density and stoma index exhibited more obvious xerophil-liked traits for the species from the moist meadow grassland sites in contrast to that from the dry steppe and desert sites. Significant increase in proline and soluble sugar accumulation, K(+)/Na(+) for the species with the increasing of stresses along the gradient showed that osmotic adjustment was enhanced.Obvious xerophytic anatomical traits and stronger osmotic adjustment in stress conditions suggested that the plants have much more anatomical and physiological flexibilities than those in non-stress habitats along the large-scale gradient

Memoria Escolar I : dejando Huellas en el Paraíso

96 páginasEste libro reúne los textos de veintitrés estudiantes de grado 11º, y de cuatro docentes, quienes a lo largo de cuatro meses se interesaron por aprender estrategias de escritura que les permitiera elaborar una pieza literaria donde reflexionaran sobre su paso por el IED el Paraíso de Manuela Beltrán. De esta forma, este libro busca preservar la memoria de los estudiantes y docentes que pasan por los pasillos y salones de la institución. Y así, empezar a luchar contra el olvido institucional. En la cotidianidad escolar transcurren diversidad de historias de vida, historias que al no ser escritas van quedando silenciadas en los pasillos y salones del colegio

The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library

Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July–2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA—we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020–2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z ~ 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z ~ 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July