Factors associated with knowledge and vaccination intention for human papillomavirus on trans girls by their main caregiver: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionTrans women are highly affected by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are at risk of suffering from HPV-related diseases such as oropharyngeal, anal, penile, or neovaginal neoplasia. HPV vaccination seems to be a good strategy to reduce HPV-related diseases, mainly during the early age before the first sexual intercourse, but only cisgender girls are covered by the National Health Services, while some high-risk groups such as trans girls are not included. Achieving a high vaccination rate is important in the adolescent population, but there are many factors that could affect it, such as lack of knowledge about HPV or fear of side effects by patients and main caregivers. The aim of our study is to analyze the knowledge of trans girls’ main caregivers about HPV-related diseases in the general population and, in particular, in trans women, as well as factors associated with HPV vaccination intention.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with the collaboration of main caregivers of adolescent trans girls, between 9 and 16 years old, assisted in two reference centers’ multidisciplinary Gender Diversity Units. Information was requested through a self-completed questionnaire: HPV-related diseases Knowledge Transwomen questionnaire (HPV-TQ) was elaborated based on a 19-item self-administered questionnaire and score was standardized from 0 to 19 points. Percentage of correct answers was calculated and defined by the group of high scores that showed over 70% correct answers.ResultsA total of 65 main caregivers were included. Almost all main caregivers were mothers with a Caucasian ethnicity. The HPV-TQ average score was 11 (3.7) with an average correct answer of 58.1% (19.6). Only 17/65 (26.1%) of main caregivers were highly knowledgeable in HPV. Of 65 trans girls, 14 were already vaccinated (29.8% of trans girls over 12 years old); 78.5% were not vaccinated and only 21.5% had intentions to be vaccinated. The group with a high score in HPV-TQ had a longer follow-up at the transgender unit, a higher maternal vaccination rate, and a positive family history of HPV-related disease, especially in mothers.ConclusionAdolescent trans girls attended to in our units had a low rate and a low intention of vaccination against HPV. Education on and promotion and prevention of transgender HPV-related diseases should probably be implemented to achieve a higher knowledge and vaccination coverage in adolescent trans girls

Safety and efficacy clinical trials for SYL1001, a novel short interfering RNA for the treatment of dry eye disease

PURPOSE. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SYL1001, a short interfering (si) RNA targeting the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). METHODS. This study combines a phase I and two phase II clinical trials to test different doses of SYL1001 in a total of 156 healthy subjects and patients with DED. After 10 days of treatment, the primary efficacy endpoints were the effect on (1) the scoring in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires, and (2) ocular tolerance evaluated by corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival hyperemia. Secondary endpoints included the assessment of systemic and local tolerance. RESULTS. Topical administration of SYL1001 1.125% once daily produced a significant decrease in VAS scores compared with placebo from day 4 until the end of treatment (change from baseline at day 10: -1.73 ± 0.32 vs. -0.91 ± 0.34; P = 0.013). For all treatments, OSDI scores were significantly reduced compared to their respective baseline values (P < 0.01), although no significant changes were detected between groups. Conjunctival hyperemia (quantified as normal or abnormal) significantly improved after instillation of SYL1001 1.125% compared with placebo (50% vs. 20%; P < 0.05). Excellent tolerability was reported, with no differences in the rates of occurrence of adverse events between groups. CONCLUSION. These trials achieved their primary endpoints of identifying the most effective dose of SYL1001 (1.125%). SYL1001 showed a large safety margin and may provide novel therapeutic opportunity for the relief of dry eye. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01438281, NCT01776658, and NCT02455999.) Eliminar seleccionadoSupported by a grant from the 2012 INNPACTO program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: INDREYE (Innovative solutions for the treatment and diagnosis of dry eye disease) grant number IPT-2012-0438-010000 (Madrid, Spain)

Respuesta inmune desregulada en pacientes obesos como agravante por COVID-19

La obesidad, enfermedad caracterizada por acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo, es el factor asociado al mayor índice de severidad en la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Durante la pandemia, tanto investigaciones independientes como del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA-Perú) mostraron correlación entre obesidad y COVID-19. La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar de qué manera la respuesta inmune desregulada en pacientes obesos actúa como agravante de COVID-19. Para ello, se revisó evidencia científica disponible en diferentes bases de datos, tras lo cual se encontró que la respuesta inmune desregulada causada por la obesidad se amplifica al asociarse con COVID-19, ya que potencia la creación de un microambiente inflamatorio local de bajo grado inducido por secreciones de adipocitos disfuncionales. Asimismo, los pacientes obesos presentan mayor susceptibilidad a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 debido a la pérdida gradual de ASC funcionales que perjudica la ciliogénesis, reduciendo así su eliminación; además, el tejido adiposo alterado propicia la sobreexpresión de receptores de proteasas que facilitarán su entrada. El agravamiento del cuadro clínico de COVID-19 se desencadenará en consecuencia de los procesos de disfunción endotelial y disminución de la angiogénesis puesto que, en conjunto, producirán hipoxia, fibrosis e insuficiencia funcional pulmonar. Se concluye que la respuesta inmune desregulada en pacientes obesos está estrechamente relacionada con la morbimortalidad a nivel cardio-metabólico, que conlleva al cuadro clínico severo y en algunos casos, al deceso del paciente infectado. Palabras clave: Obesidad (DeCS), COVID-19 (DeCS), respuesta inmune (DeCS).   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2021.v16i03.1

En búsqueda de la sustentabilidad y la recuperación del embalse San Roque

El mayor suministro de agua potable de la Ciudad de Córdoba y el Gran Córdoba proviene del Embalse San Roque. Su cuenca es la segunda región turística más importante de la Argentina y la principal de la provincia. El lago es utilizado como fuente de agua para consumo y recreación y como componente básico para la sustentabilidad económica de toda la región, por lo que resulta fundamental la adecuada administración de la cuenca por parte de la Gestión de Gobierno. En la última década, la presencia permanente de algas y la ocurrencia de eventos extremos de crecimiento han siendo percibidos de manera preocupante por los pobladores de las ciudades aledañas y los visitantes de la región. Recientemente han afectado el tratamiento de potabilidad destinada a la ciudad de Córdoba resultando una distribución de agua de mala calidad con olores y sabores desagradables. Asimismo el problema de algas y macrófitas ocurrido en la fuente natural a pocos días de iniciarse la Semana Santa en marzo de 2010, debió ser contrarrestado mediante la implementación de actividades de saneamiento consistente en la limpieza y extracción mecánica de la biomasa en sitios del río San Antonio y su desembocadura, el área del perilago más poblado. Ante los inminentes síntomas de eutrofización avanzada, se conformó el Grupo de investigación Interdisciplinario e Interinstitucional donde participan el Instituto Nacional del Agua, el grupo de investigación Biodiscos y el Laboratorio Central, División Agua y Efluentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - UCC; la Compañía de Ingenieros Paracaidistas IV y Batallón de Inteligencia de la Segunda División de Ejército - Ejército Argentino; la Facultad de Biología y el Instituto de Virología Vanella - UNC y la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Córdoba, entre otras. El objetivo general es la realización de los estudios integrales del lago San Roque para diagnosticar su estado, con el fin de proponer a la Gestión de Gobierno las medidas de mitigación de los problemas y las correspondientes acciones de prevención y control.Fil: Bustamante, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Welter, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Re, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Grumelli, Yanina Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Wassaf, Maribel Graciela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Panero, Mariángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Belquis Pamela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin

En búsqueda de la sustentabilidad y la recuperación del embalse San Roque

El mayor suministro de agua potable de la Ciudad de Córdoba y el Gran Córdoba proviene del Embalse San Roque. Su cuenca es la segunda región turística más importante de la Argentina y la principal de la provincia. El lago es utilizado como fuente de agua para consumo y recreación y como componente básico para la sustentabilidad económica de toda la región, por lo que resulta fundamental la adecuada administración de la cuenca por parte de la Gestión de Gobierno. En la última década, la presencia permanente de algas y la ocurrencia de eventos extremos de crecimiento han siendo percibidos de manera preocupante por los pobladores de las ciudades aledañas y los visitantes de la región. Recientemente han afectado el tratamiento de potabilidad destinada a la ciudad de Córdoba resultando una distribución de agua de mala calidad con olores y sabores desagradables. Asimismo el problema de algas y macrófitas ocurrido en la fuente natural a pocos días de iniciarse la Semana Santa en marzo de 2010, debió ser contrarrestado mediante la implementación de actividades de saneamiento consistente en la limpieza y extracción mecánica de la biomasa en sitios del río San Antonio y su desembocadura, el área del perilago más poblado. Ante los inminentes síntomas de eutrofización avanzada, se conformó el Grupo de investigación Interdisciplinario e Interinstitucional donde participan el Instituto Nacional del Agua, el grupo de investigación Biodiscos y el Laboratorio Central, División Agua y Efluentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas - UCC; la Compañía de Ingenieros Paracaidistas IV y Batallón de Inteligencia de la Segunda División de Ejército - Ejército Argentino; la Facultad de Biología y el Instituto de Virología Vanella - UNC y la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia de Córdoba, entre otras. El objetivo general es la realización de los estudios integrales del lago San Roque para diagnosticar su estado, con el fin de proponer a la Gestión de Gobierno las medidas de mitigación de los problemas y las correspondientes acciones de prevención y control.Fil: Bustamante, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Welter, Adriana Beatriz. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Re, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Grumelli, Yanina Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Wassaf, Maribel Graciela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Jorge Eduardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Panero, Mariángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Belquis Pamela. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentin

The metabolic co-regulator PGC1α suppresses prostate cancer metastasis

Cellular transformation and cancer progression is accompanied by changes in the metabolic landscape. Master co-regulators of metabolism orchestrate the modulation of multiple metabolic pathways through transcriptional programs, and hence constitute a probabilistically parsimonious mechanism for general metabolic rewiring. Here we show that the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC1α) suppresses prostate cancer progression and metastasis. A metabolic co-regulator data mining analysis unveiled that PGC1α is downregulated in prostate cancer and associated with disease progression. Using genetically engineered mouse models and xenografts, we demonstrated that PGC1α opposes prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Mechanistically, the use of integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed that PGC1α activates an oestrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα)-dependent transcriptional program to elicit a catabolic state and metastasis suppression. Importantly, a signature based on the PGC1α–ERRα pathway exhibited prognostic potential in prostate cancer, thus uncovering the relevance of monitoring and manipulating this pathway for prostate cancer stratification and treatment

Common Variation in the PIN1 Locus Increases the Genetic Risk to Suffer from Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome

Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020) (ref. PY20_00212, P20_00583), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation (ref. SAF2016–78722-R, PID2020–120157RB-I00) and the Proyectos I + D + i del Programa Operativo FEDER 2020 (ref. B-CTS-584-UGR20, B-CTS-260-UGR20). FDC was supported by the “Ramón y Cajal” program (ref. RYC-2014–16458), and LBC was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the “Juan de la Cierva Incorporación” program (Grant ref. IJC2018– 038026-I, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), all of them including FEDER funds. AGJ was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”(grant ref. FPU20/02926). SGM was funded by a previously mentioned project (ref. PY20_00212). IPATIMUP integrates the i3S Research Unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), financed by the European Social Funds (COMPETE-FEDER) and National Funds (projects PEstC/SAU/LA0003/2013 and POCI-01–0145-FEDER-007274). AML is funded by the Portuguese Government through FCT (IF/01262/2014). PIM is supported by the FCT post-doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/120777/2016), financed from the Portuguese State Budget of the Ministry for Science, Technology and High Education and from the European Social Fund, available through the Programa Operacional do Capital Humano. ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, is also partially supported by FCT (Projects: UID/BIM/00009/2013 and UIDB/UIDP/00009/2020). SLarriba received support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant DTS18/00101], co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)—a way to build Europe), and from “Generalitat de Catalunya” (grant 2017SGR191). SLarriba is sponsored by the “Researchers Consolidation Program” from the SNS-Dpt. Salut Generalitat de Catalunya (Exp. CES09/020). This article is related to the Ph.D. Doctoral Thesis of Miriam Cerván-Martín (grant ref. BES-2017–081222 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.We aimed to analyze the role of the common genetic variants located in the PIN1 locus, a relevant prolyl isomerase required to control the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells and the integrity of the blood–testis barrier, in the genetic risk of developing male infertility due to a severe spermatogenic failure (SPGF). Genotyping was performed using TaqMan genotyping assays for three PIN1 taggers (rs2287839, rs2233678 and rs62105751). The study cohort included 715 males diagnosed with SPGF and classified as suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA, n = 505) or severe oligospermia (SO, n = 210), and 1058 controls from the Iberian Peninsula. The allelic frequency differences between cases and controls were analyzed by the means of logistic regression models. A subtype specific genetic association with the subset of NOA patients classified as suffering from the Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome was observed with the minor alleles showing strong risk effects for this subset (ORaddrs2287839 = 1.85 (1.17–2.93), ORaddrs2233678 = 1.62 (1.11–2.36), ORaddrs62105751 = 1.43 (1.06–1.93)). The causal variants were predicted to affect the binding of key transcription factors and to produce an altered PIN1 gene expression and isoform balance. In conclusion, common non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in PIN1 increase the genetic risk to develop SCO.publishersversionpublishe

Planeación, gobernanza y sustentabilidad Retos y desafíos desde el enfoque territorial

Frente a la compleja realidad actual, resulta ineludible el desarrollo de la investigación científica de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, territoriales y ambientales, que contribuya a su comprensión y la construcción de alternativas de solución a los retos y desafíos vigentes. En este contexto, el abordaje de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas, el ordenamiento del territorio y la ocupación del espacio, así como la relación sociedad-naturaleza y la complejidad ambiental, precisa la generación de metodologías y procesos de investigación multi e inter disciplinarios que contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos socioterritoriales, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la conservación ambiental.Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa PFCE-2016 proyecto K0313101

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation