Consumo de drogas en las prisiones de la Región de Murcia: características en función de la nacionalidad

Comparar las pautas de consumo de drogas entre la población autóctona y extranjera penitenciaria en los Centros Penitenciarios de la Región de Murcia. Método: estudio transversal analítico con una muestra formada por 659 participantes. La recogida de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario formado por 40 ítems con respuesta tipo Likert donde se recogen variables sociodemográficas y de consumo de drogas durante el último mes en prisión. Resultados: un 29,8% (n=197) de los encuestados son extranjeros, el consumo de drogas es superior en los nacionales que en los extranjeros (66,2% vs 49,7%, respectivamente) siendo el cannabis, alcohol y cocaína las drogas más frecuentes para ambos colectivos. Por último se han analizados las correlaciones existentes entre las variables nacionalidad y consumo por medio de las pruebas de Odds ratio y valor de P.To compare patterns of drug abuse among the native inmates and foreign inmates in the Prisons in Murcia Region. Method: a cross-sectional study with a sample of 659 participants. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire consisting of 40 items with Likert-type response in which variables on sociodemographics and drug abuse during the last month in prison are compiled. Results: 29.8% (n=197) of respondents are foreigners, drug abuse is higher among national inmates that among foreign inmates (66.2% vs. 49.7%, respectively), cannabis, alcohol and cocaine being the most frequent substances for both groups. Finally, we have analyzed the correlations between nationality and drug abuse variables through testing Odds ratio and P value

Inmigración no europea, prestaciones socio-económicas y dinámicas de inclusión en España. ¿Acaparan las personas inmigrantes las prestaciones de Servicios Sociales?

The problematisation of migration has intensified in Europe over the last decade, as the Financial Crisis of 2008 dealt a major blow to social welfare instruments. This context has reinforced the idea that immigrants would consume a disproportionate share of socio-economic resources available through social services, thus displacing the local population. This article examines the case of Spain, analysing the dynamics of accessing socioeconomic inclusion policies developed by public Social Services among immigrants and non-immigrants at risk of social exclusion, based on different secondary sources. The paper shows that is there no evidence that social services resources are being displaced for the socio-economic inclusion of the immigrant population.La problematización del fenómeno migratorio se ha intensificado en Europa en la última década, al mismo tiempo que las salidas a la Gran Crisis de 2008 dejaban unas sociedades más debilitadas en sus instrumentos de acceso al bienestar. Este contexto ha reforzado la idea de que las personas inmigrantes acaparan la mayoría de recursos socioeconómicos disponibles en los sistemas de servicios sociales, desplazando a la población local. Este artículo aborda el caso español, analizando las dinámicas de acceso a las políticas para la inclusión socioeconómica de los Servicios Sociales públicos en personas inmigrantes y no inmigrantes en riesgo exclusión social, basándose en distintas fuentes secundarias. El trabajo demuestra que no existen evidencias de que los recursos de servicios sociales estén siendo desplazados para la inclusión socioeconómica de la población inmigrante

Incorporación de metodologías participativas al proceso de formación del alumnado universitario

Con el objetivo de mejorar la participación del alumnado en las aulas y la calidad del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, se han utilizado técnicas participativas en el desarrollo dela asignatura de Agricultura Ecológica en la Escuela de Ingeniería Técnica Agrícola. Las técnicas empleadas proceden del ámbito del Diagnóstico Rural Participativo, la Educación Social y la Animación Sociocultural. Los resultados nos han permitido concluir que, a pesar de la escasa formación previa de los alumnos en la materia, la adopción de técnicas participativas estimula al alumnado y mejora el proceso de aprendizaje y su interés por la asignatura. Es interesante seguir trabajando en la aplicación de estas metodologías en la docencia universitaria porque facilitan al alumnado la adquisición de un conocimiento holístico en la materia y habilidades para el trabajo en grupo

Mental health, substance abuse, prison victimization and suicide attempts amongst incarcerated women

Worldwide, incarcerated women are known to suffer adverse experiences that might increase the risk of suicide attempts during incarceration. The present investigation examines the prevalence of suicide attempts amongst incarcerated women in Spain and the factors associated with this. Between January and March of 2017 a total of 174 women, enrolled from two prisons in the southeast of Spain, completed anonymous self-report measures of demographic variables, penitentiary and sentence-related variables, mental distress (including depression, anxiety and stress), perceived social support, substance use (including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, heroin and hallucinogens), prison victimization (property, verbal, physical and sexual victimization) and suicide attempts. Overall, 15.5 percent of women reported they had attempted suicide during their current incarceration. Compared with women who did not report suicide attempts, multivariate analysis showed that women reporting suicide attempts were more likely to report lower education levels, in-prison substance use, victimization and higher levels of mental distress. In order to prevent suicide amongst incarcerated women, victimization in all its forms, emotional distress and drug abuse in women with lower education levels, should be considered highly targetable variables.</p

La situación de las mujeres en las prisiones de Murcia ¿Más vulnerables que los hombres?

The study analyzes the demographic, crime and victimization profile in a sample of 21 women imprisoned inMurcia II, and compares the influx of violent behaviors among men and women to determine which group is most vulnerable while in prison. A survey was used to compile data and then a cross-sectional study with aconfidence of 95% was carried out. Survey respondents represent 2.1% of this prison population, have a young profile, have a couple and come from disadvantaged social classes. 65.1% of women use drugs while in prison and more than a half had been imprisoned before. Regarding victimization due to gender, women are more vulnerable to violent behavior than men.En este estudio se analiza el perfil sociodemográfico, delictivo y de victimización de una muestra de 21 mujeres encuestadas en el Centro Penitenciario de Murcia II, comparando además la afluencia de comportamientos violentos entre el colectivo masculino y femenino para determinar cuál es más vulnerabledurante el cumplimento de la pena. La recogida de datos se realizó por medio de una encuesta, llevándose acabo un estudio transversal analítico con un margen de confianza del 95%. Las mujeres encuestadas suponen el 2,1% del total de la población penitenciaria de este centro, poseen un perfil joven, con pareja y proceden de clases sociales desfavorecidas. Un 65,1% consumen drogas durante la condena y más de la mitad habían estado en prisión anteriormente. En cuanto a la victimización según sexo, las mujeres son más vulnerables a sufrir comportamientos violentos que los hombres

COVID-19 Fear, Resilience, Social Support, Anxiety, and Suicide among College Students in Spain

Worldwide, previous studies have expressed concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among college students as they are considered an especially vulnerable group. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of, risk of, and protective factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among college students in Europe. We have sought to address gaps in the literature by conducting a cross-sectional survey among 517 college students (79.1% women and 20.9% men) from a public university in the southeast of Spain. Participants were asked to complete the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) questionnaire and answer questions related to resilience, social support, anxiety, and suicide risk levels using validated scales. The results of the analysis of the variables associated with fear of COVID-19 suggest that, in addition to gender, the factor of anxiety shows a robust positive association and effect with COVID-19 fear (p < 0.001). According to our results, university institutions must adopt support mechanisms to alleviate psychological impacts on students during this pandemic, treating it similarly to other disasters. Implications for social work to reduce COVID-19 fear are also discussed

Victimización universitaria en la Región de Murcia. Factores de riesgo

The university world is reflective of society where the university is located, and correspondingly its population is affected by different criminal behavior during the academic course. In order to delve into this problematic, in this study a victimization survey was conducted to 585 students at the University of Murcia, determining risk and protection factors linked to university victimization. 26% of students experienced some form of victimization, being alcohol or female sex risk factors for being victimized, and sports activity a protective factor for this phenomenon.El mundo universitario es un reflejo de la sociedad en la que se encuentra localizada la universidad, y, en correspondencia, su población se verá afectada por diferentes comportamientos delictivos durante el transcurso académico. Con el fin de profundizar en esta problemática, en el estudio presente se realizó una encuesta de victimización a 585 estudiantes de la Universidad de Murcia, determinando los factores de riesgo y de protección vinculados a la victimización universitaria. Un 26% de los estudiantes sufrió algún tipo de victimización, siendo el consumo de alcohol o el ser mujer factores de riesgo para ser victimizado, y la actividad deportiva un factor disuasorio

Prevalence and risk factors associated with burnout syndrome among social work professionals in municipal social services in Spain

La literatura científica internacional ha puesto de manifiesto una elevada prevalencia de burnout entre los profesionales del Trabajo Social. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar la prevalencia de burnout, así como los factores demográficos asociados, entre los profesionales del Trabajo Social que desarrollan su actividad en el Sistema de Servicios Sociales. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter transversal analítico sobre un total de 77 colegiados en los Colegios Profesionales de Trabajo Social de Sevilla y Murcia. Por medio de un cuestionario, previamente validado y administrado vía online, se recogió información acerca de las características demográficas, laborales y de prevalencia de burnout (mediante las dimensiones cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal). Se encontró un elevado grado de burnout con una prevalencia general de 37,6%. Del mismo modo, las diferentes dimensiones analizadas como cansancio emocional (41,4%), despersonalización (58,2%) y baja realización personal (19,6%) se presentan de manera frecuente entre los participantes. Entre las variables estadísticamente significativas destacan (p ≤ 0.001) la edad, el número de hijos y el tiempo desempeñado en la profesión. La formación y supervisión profesional puede contribuir a mejorar las condiciones personales y laborales de las/os trabajadoras/es sociales y la calidad de las propias entidades prestadoras de los servicios.The international scientific literature has shown a high prevalence of burnout among Social Work professionals. The aim of current research is to determine the prevalence of burnout, as well as the associated demographic factors among Social Work professionals who work in the Social Services System. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on a total of 77 members of the Professional Colleges of Social Work in Seville and Murcia. Using a questionnaire previously validated, administered online, information was collected about the demographic, occupational and prevalence characteristics of burnout (through the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment). A high degree of burnout was found with a general prevalence of 37.6%. In the same way, the different dimensions analysed as emotional fatigue (41.4%), depersonalization (58.2%) and low personal accomplishment (19.6%) are common among the participants. Among the statistically significant variables stand out (p ≤ 0.001) the age, the number of children and the time spent in the profession. The professional training and supervision might contribute to improve the personal and work conditions of the Social Workers and the quality of the service providers

Short communication: Effect of αS1-casein (CSN1S1) and κ-casein (CSN3) genotypes on milk composition in Murciano-Granadina goats

The effects of the caprine alpha(S1)-casein (CSN1S1) polymorphisms on milk quality have been widely demonstrated. However, much less is known about the consequences of the kappa-casein (CSN3) genotype on milk composition in goats. Moreover, the occurrence of interactions between CSN3 and CSN1S1 genotypes has not been investigated. In this study, an association analysis between CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes and milk quality traits was performed in 89 Murciano-Granadina goats. Total milk yield as well as total protein, fat, solids-not-fat, lactose, alpha(S1)-casein (CSN1S1), and alpha(S2)-casein (CSN1S2) contents were recorded every other month during a whole lactation (316 observations). Data analysis using a linear mixed model for repeated observations revealed no interaction between the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes. With regard to the effect of the CSN3 locus, AB and BB genotypes were significantly associated with higher levels of total casein and protein content compared with the AA CSN3 genotype. In strong contrast with French breeds, the CSN1S1 genotype did not affect protein, casein, and fat concentrations in Murciano-Granadina goats. These results highlight the importance of taking into consideration the CSN3 genotype when performing selection for milk composition in dairy goats

Effect of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on milk CSN1S1 content in Malagueña and Murciano-Granadina goats

There is substantial evidence showing that the polymorphism of the goat αs1-casein (CSN1S1) gene has a major effect on milk protein, casein and fat content as well as on cheese yield. However, its influence on the synthesis rate of CSN1S1 has been less studied, with measurements only available in French breeds. In this article, we have measured milk CSN1S1 content in 89 Malagueña and 138 Murciano-Granadina goats with 305 and 460 phenotypic registers, respectively. In the Malagueña breed, average values of CSN1S1 content estimated for BB, BF, EE and FF genotypes were 6·94±0·38, 5·36±0·22, 4·58±0·13 and 3·98±0·27 g/l, respectively, being all significantly different (P<0·05). Conversely, in the Murciano-Granadina breed only the BB genotype (8·50±0·60 g/l) was significantly associated with increased levels of CSN1S1 (P<0·05), whereas BF (6·56±0·82 g/l), EE (6·39±0·60 g/l) and EF (6·91±0·76 g/l) genotypes displayed non-significant differences when compared with each other. Our results highlight the existence of breed-specific genetic and/or environmental factors modulating the impact of the CSN1S1 gene polymorphism on the synthesis rate of the corresponding protein.This work was funded with grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (1FD1997-1052-C02-01 and AGL2002- 04304-C03-02-GAN).Peer reviewe