Modernidad, globalización y tercera vía. O del síndrome de Anthony Giddens

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A vueltas con el Transhumanismo : cuestiones de futuro imperfecto | Dealing with Transhumanism: Issues about the Future Imperfect

Resumen: El Transhumanismo es una perspectiva que aboga por la posibilidad de mejorar la condición humana física, emocional y cognitiva utilizando el progreso y la tecnología. Las cuestiones que plantea requieren asumir dos premisas, una normativa y otra empírica: la primera es que la formación para el uso de las tecnologías requiere una educación ética y jurídica, además de científica. La segunda implica que en un futuro próximo habrá robots muy sofisticados y dotados de inteligencia artificial avanzada que podrán tomar decisiones operativas, así que ¿cómo regular estas capacidades? Las aplicaciones en el ámbito sanitario muestran los términos del trilema normativo relativo a la distinción conceptual entre ?terapia?, ?mejora? y ?superación? de la condición humana

Recopilar y vigilar: algunas consideraciones filosófico-jurídicas sobre inteligencia artificial

Applications based on artificial intelligence open up the concrete possibility of replicating in machines a reasoning ability similar to humans one, giving them the power to carry out non-programmed representations given that learning provided by algorithms and Big Data. The range of unavoidable dilemmas that the application of these systems raises in many areas of social life is overwhelming and the normative dimension of artificial intelligence is obviously one of the most delicate, due to the interests and principles involved. Some philosophical considerations on the relationships between law, politics and technological surveillance are raised hereLas aplicaciones basadas en la inteligencia artificial abren la posibilidad concreta de replicar en máquinas una capacidad de razonamiento similar a la humana, otorgando a estas la facultad de construir representaciones no programadas gracias al aprendizaje proporcionado por algoritmos y Big Data.  El abanico de inevitables dilemas que la aplicación de estos sistemas plantea en muchos ámbitos de la vida social resulta sobrecogedor y la dimensión normativa de la inteligencia artificial es evidentemente una de las más delicadas, por los intereses y principios que hay en juego. Se introducen aquí algunas consideraciones de orden iusfilosófico sobre las relaciones entre el derecho, la política y la vigilancia tecnológica

The Role of Legal Services in the Antipoverty Program

Large-scale adaptive radiations might explain the runaway success of a minority of extant vertebrate clades. This hypothesis predicts, among other things, rapid rates of morphological evolution during the early history of major groups, as lineages invade disparate ecological niches. However, few studies of adaptive radiation have included deep time data, so the links between extant diversity and major extinct radiations are unclear. The intensively studied Mesozoic dinosaur record provides a model system for such investigation, representing an ecologically diverse group that dominated terrestrial ecosystems for 170 million years. Furthermore, with 10,000 species, extant dinosaurs (birds) are the most speciose living tetrapod clade. We assembled composite trees of 614-622 Mesozoic dinosaurs/birds, and a comprehensive body mass dataset using the scaling relationship of limb bone robustness. Maximum-likelihood modelling and the node height test reveal rapid evolutionary rates and a predominance of rapid shifts among size classes in early (Triassic) dinosaurs. This indicates an early burst niche-filling pattern and contrasts with previous studies that favoured gradualistic rates. Subsequently, rates declined in most lineages, which rarely exploited new ecological niches. However, feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs (including Mesozoic birds) sustained rapid evolution from at least the Middle Jurassic, suggesting that these taxa evaded the effects of niche saturation. This indicates that a long evolutionary history of continuing ecological innovation paved the way for a second great radiation of dinosaurs, in birds. We therefore demonstrate links between the predominantly extinct deep time adaptive radiation of non-avian dinosaurs and the phenomenal diversification of birds, via continuing rapid rates of evolution along the phylogenetic stem lineage. This raises the possibility that the uneven distribution of biodiversity results not just from large-scale extrapolation of the process of adaptive radiation in a few extant clades, but also from the maintenance of evolvability on vast time scales across the history of life, in key lineages