LA GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL SOSTENIBLE IMPLEMENTADA EN EL PUERTO DE ALMIRANTE EN BOCAS DEL TORO

The objective of this article was to describe that the Port of Almirante complies with its Sustainable Environmental Management, which has generated a greater source of employment in the province, especially serving the export and trade of refrigerated products. The Port System of Panama was reviewed during the study, composed of a diversity of state ports and concession ports at the national level which are managed and supervised by the Maritime Authority of Panama, which determined the minimum requirements for the sustainability of the environmental management implemented. in the Port of Almirante located in the province of Bocas del Toro. The research was a descriptive pre-experimental design and to collect information it was applied through questions, interviews, and field visits in the port environment of Almirante. The results were presented that identified Almirante Port as one of the poles of port development at the national level that uses sustainability as a differentiation tool to generate value in the maritime and port environment of the region. In conclusion, Almirante Port adopts sustainable regulations for industrial activities and services for environmental development using technology as its own digital tool to satisfy the needs of sources of employment and its clients, especially the European market.El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo describir que el Puerto de Almirante cumple en su Gestión Ambiental Sostenible, lo cual ha generado una mayor fuente de empleo en la provincia especialmente atendiendo la exportación y el comercio de productos refrigerados. Se revisó el Sistema Portuario de Panamá durante el estudio compuesto por una diversidad de puertos estatales y puertos concesionados a nivel nacional las cuales son administradas y supervisadas por la Autoridad Marítima de Panamá, la cual determino los requisitos mínimos de la sostenibilidad de la gestión ambiental implementada en el Puerto de Almirante ubicado en la provincia de Bocas del Toro. La investigación fue un diseño preexperimental descriptivo y para la recolección de información se aplicó mediante preguntas, entrevistas, visitas de campo en el entorno portuario de Almirante. Se presentaron los resultados que identificaron a Puerto de Almirante como uno de los polos de desarrollo portuario a nivel nacional que utiliza la sustentabilidad como una herramienta de diferenciación para generar valor en el entorno marítimo y portuario de la región. En conclusión, Puerto Almirante adopta normativas sostenibles a las actividades industriales y servicios para el desarrollo medioambiental utilizando la tecnología como su propia herramienta digital para poder satisfacer las necesidades de fuentes de empleo y sus clientes en especial el mercado europeo

ESTUDIO DE LA SUBCUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL RÍO MATÍAS HERNÁNDEZ Y SUS INTERVENCIONES ANTROPOGÉNICAS

Those areas surrounding the Matias Hernandez River show a strong urban residential development as well as a commercial and industrial development at a much lower level.  As characteristic in other areas in the city, residential developments surrounding the Matias Hernandez River do not pour their sewage into the closest sewer.  Instead, they pour these into cesspools which eventually discharge into the river.  This gets worse as the receiving sewer goes through residential areas and development and it has become an open ceiling garbage dump.  The surrounding communities deposit all kinds wasted and garbage here which cause problems obstructing the river channel and flooding areas in certain section.In the other hand, if we observe the study fields of the research, we can see that it sticks to what in known as a “Regional Planning Unit”, “The Basin”.  It refers to the Matias Hernandez River basin which cover about 2,500 hectares which harbors high concentrations of urban population from different social level.  One of the most outstanding characteristics here is that the high, middle and low river channels develop entirely within the metropolitan area of the city of Panama.It is pertinent to point out that this study relates the effects of the population in their diversity of activities with the river, ecology, and water quality.  This represents a model for the evaluation of a river water quality, but with a much wider and integral perspective which characterizes General Geography as a social science.Las áreas aledañas al Río Matías Hernández presentan un marcado desarrollo urbano residencial y en menor escala industrial y comercial.  Como es característico en otros sectores de la ciudad; urbanizaciones aledañas a las riberas del Río Matías Hernández, no descargan sus aguas servidas a la colectora más cercana, sin embargo, esas aguas son vertidas a tanques sépticos los que posteriormente descargan al río.  Un problema que se acentúa, en la medida que el cuerpo receptor atraviesa las barriadas o urbanizaciones, es el botadero de basura a cielo abierto; las comunidades aledañas arrojar todo tipo de desechos sólidos y basura lo cual causa problemas de obstrucción en el flujo de del río y provoca que ciertos sectores sean propensos a las inundaciones. En otro sentido si atendemos al campo de estudio de esta investigación, observamos con claridad que el mismo se ciñe a lo que se conoce como “Unidad  de Planificación Regional”, esto es “la cuenca”, en este caso en particular, la Cuenca del Río Matías Hernández; que tiene una superficie de 2,500 hectáreas aproximadamente y que alberga en su seno altas concentraciones de población urbana de diferentes estratos sociales, siendo que una de característica particular de la misma es que los tres cursos  (alto, medio y bajo) se desarrollan enteramente dentro del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Panamá. También es importante señalar que este estudio logra relacionar los efectos que tiene la población en su diversidad de actividades que afectan el cauce, la ecología y la calidad del agua, lo que representa un modelo de evaluación de la calidad de las aguas de un río, pero con la perspectiva más amplia e integral que caracteriza a la Geografía General como una ciencia social

Free Zn2+ determination in natural freshwater of the Pyrenees: towards on-site measurements with AGNES

An on-site methodology has been developed for the direct determination of free Zn2+ with AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) in freshwaters. This implementation includes: i) the use of screen printed electrodes, which provide good limits of detection and easy transportation and deployment; ii) no need for sample purging; iii) a calibration in a synthetic river solution that reproduces well the speciation changes of the natural samples and allows the oxygen interferences to be minimised; iv) the addition of a background electrolyte up to 0.01 mol L-1 in both the calibration and freshwater samples; v) chemical stripping chronopotentiometry as the quantification stage of AGNES. This procedure minimizes the effects of working at low ionic strength and in the presence of dissolved oxygen. In the laboratory, the methodology was checked with different natural samples taken from rivers Garonne, Gave de Cauterets and Gave de Pau in the Pyrenees. Results appeared in good agreement with theoretical estimations computed from Visual Minteq. On-site measurements were performed for the first time with AGNES in the Gave de Cauterets in Soulom (France) and the results were corroborated with purged measurements performed in the laboratory.English language editing by Holly Pearson is acknowledged. The authors acknowledge support for this research from the Communaut e d’Agglom eration de Pau Pyr en ees (CDAPP), from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio´n (project numbers CTM2012–39183 and CTM2013– 48967), from the European Community EFA15/08 (PyrMet) and from the Comissionat d’Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya (project number 2014SGR1132)

Influência dos detalhes arquitetônicos nas características do vento em helipontos no topo de edifícios

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Cambios en la actividad de la galactosa-1-fosfato urid il transferasa durante el desarrollo post-natal

Se presentan los valores de la actividad eritrocitaria de la Galactosa-1-fosfato uridil transferasa (GAL-1-PUT) (E.C.2.7.7.12) en individuos humanos de diferentes edades desde el recién nacido hasta el adulto. Los resultados permiten proponer los valores de referencia para la actividad de la enzima en población colombiana.La variación en los valores de la actividad enzimática observada según la edad permite apoyar la hipótesis de una inducibilidad de la enzima en el humano, de forma similar a como ocurre en otras especies y con otras enzimas de la vía metabólica de la galactosa

Data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models: current status and future prospects for coupled chemistry meteorology models

Abstract. Data assimilation is used in atmospheric chemistry models to improve air quality forecasts, construct re-analyses of three-dimensional chemical (including aerosol) concentrations and perform inverse modeling of input variables or model parameters (e.g., emissions). Coupled chemistry meteorology models (CCMM) are atmospheric chemistry models that simulate meteorological processes and chemical transformations jointly. They offer the possibility to assimilate both meteorological and chemical data; however, because CCMM are fairly recent, data assimilation in CCMM has been limited to date. We review here the current status of data assimilation in atmospheric chemistry models with a particular focus on future prospects for data assimilation in CCMM. We first review the methods available for data assimilation in atmospheric models, including variational methods, ensemble Kalman filters, and hybrid methods. Next, we review past applications that have included chemical data assimilation in chemical transport models (CTM) and in CCMM. Observational data sets available for chemical data assimilation are described, including surface data, surface-based remote sensing, airborne data, and satellite data. Several case studies of chemical data assimilation in CCMM are presented to highlight the benefits obtained by assimilating chemical data in CCMM. A case study of data assimilation to constrain emissions is also presented. There are few examples to date of joint meteorological and chemical data assimilation in CCMM and potential difficulties associated with data assimilation in CCMM are discussed. As the number of variables being assimilated increases, it is essential to characterize correctly the errors; in particular, the specification of error cross-correlations may be problematic. In some cases, offline diagnostics are necessary to ensure that data assimilation can truly improve model performance. However, the main challenge is likely to be the paucity of chemical data available for assimilation in CCMM

Sensitivity of feedback effects in CBMZ/MOSAIC chemical mechanism

To investigate the impact of the aerosol effects on meteorological variables and pollutant concentrations two simulations with the WRF-Chem model have been performed over Europe for year 2010. We have performed a baseline simulation without any feedback effects and a second simulation including the direct as well as the indirect aerosol effect. The paper describes the full configuration of the model, the simulation design, special impacts and evaluation. Although low aerosol particle concentrations are detected, the inclusion of the feedback effects results in an increase of solar radiation at the surface over cloudy areas (North-West, including the Atlantic) and decrease over more sunny locations (South-East). Aerosol effects produce an increase of the water vapor and decrease the planet boundary layer height over the whole domain except in the Sahara area, where the maximum particle concentrations are detected. Significant ozone concentrations are found over the Mediterranean area. Simulated feedback effects between aerosol concentrations and meteorological variables and on pollutant distributions strongly depend on the aerosol concentrations and the clouds. Further investigations are necessary with higher aerosol particle concentrations. WRF-Chem variables are evaluated using available hourly observations in terms of performance statistics. Standardized observations from the ENSEMBLE system web-interface were used. The research was developed under the second phase of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). WRF-Chem demonstrates its capability in capturing temporal and spatial variations of the major meteorological variables and pollutants, except the wind speed over complex terrain. The wind speed bias may affect the accuracy in the chemical predictions (NO2, SO2). The analysis of the correlations between simulated data sets and observational data sets indicates that the simulation with aerosol effects performs slightly better. These results indicate potential importance of the aerosol feedback effects and an urgent need to further improve the representations in current atmospheric models to reduce uncertainties at all scales

The 33S(n,α)30Si cross section measurement at n-TOF-EAR2 (CERN) : From 0.01 eV to the resonance region

The 33S(n,α)30Si cross section measurement, using 10B(n,α) as reference, at the n-TOF Experimental Area 2 (EAR2) facility at CERN is presented. Data from 0.01 eV to 100 keV are provided and, for the first time, the cross section is measured in the range from 0.01 eV to 10 keV. These data may be used for a future evaluation of the cross section because present evaluations exhibit large discrepancies. The 33S(n,α)30Si reaction is of interest in medical physics because of its possible use as a cooperative target to boron in Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT)

Papel de la tecnología en la educación científica: una dimensión olvidada

El actual movimiento en pro de una 'alfabetización tecnológica' ha venido a cuestionar algunos supuestos implícitos en la orientación de la educación científica que se traducen, de facto, en el olvido de la dimensión tecnológica. En este trabajo se analizan dichos supuestos y se extraen algunas implicaciones que representan un enriquecimiento de la educación científica con la incorporación de aspectos esenciales hasta aquí ignorados. Se pretende, así mismo, mostrar la existencia de una convergencia básica en torno a unas propuestas de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias que superen las estrategias basadas en la simple transmisión-recepción de conocimientos, subrayando la contribución de la dimensión tecnológica al desarrollo de dichas propuestas