The one-way CNOT simulation

In this paper we present the complete simulation of the quantum logic CNOT gate in the one-way model, that consists entirely of one-qubit measurements on a particular class of entangled states.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

"Hemolysis, or not hemolysis, that is the question". Use of hydroxychloroquine in a patient with COVID-19 infection and G6PD deficiency

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Bioética e direitos fundamentais: a recusa às transfusões de sangue pelas Testemunhas de Jeová

This paper will examine the Institute of Bioethics and fundamental rights in the face of the refusal of blood transfusions by Jehovah's Witnesses. Based on investigating the motives involved in this decision and what legal support they have for their will to be recognized. It is a right provided for in the Federal Constitution that guarantees the patient's autonomy to avail himself of his existential choices, however, that is in conflict with the divergent position of the doctors who seek the judicial route to impose on the patient the use of hemotherapy against his will , provoking state intervention based on the claim that the individual's decision causes the collision of fundamental principles, such as the right to life and the right to religious freedom. For this, we studied bibliographies, laws of the current legal order, articles and jurisprudence, what remained for demonstrating the non-occurrence of a collision of fundamental rights, bearing in mind that Jehovah's Witnesses do not want to have their right to life, for religious reasons, but to guarantee it in its integral form by accepting the use of alternative methods. The existence of legitimacy in refusing blood transfusions based on fundamental principles, especially on the right to life, made possible by the recognition of blood as a risk treatment and the use of alternatives to blood transfusion.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Este trabalho analisará o instituto da Bioética e direitos fundamentais diante da recusa das transfusões de sangue pelas Testemunhas de Jeová. Tendo por base investigar os motivos que envolvem essa decisão e qual o respaldo legal possuem para que se reconheça a sua vontade. Trata-se de direito previsto na Constituição Federal que garante a autonomia do paciente de se valer de suas escolhas existenciais, porém que se choca com o divergente posicionamento dos médicos que buscam a via judicial para impor ao paciente o uso da hemoterapia contra sua vontade provocando a intervenção estatal fundamentada na alegação de que a decisão do indivíduo causa a colisão de princípios fundamentais (direito à vida versus direito à liberdade religiosa). Para isso, foram estudadas bibliografias, leis do ordenamento jurídico vigente; artigos e jurisprudências; que restaram por demonstrar a não ocorrência de colisão de direitos fundamentais, tendo em vista que as Testemunhas de Jeová não querem dispor de seu direito à vida, por fundamento religioso, e sim de garanti-lo em sua forma integral por aceitar a utilização de melhores métodos. Portanto, comprovando-se a existência de legitimidade na recusa às transfusões de sangue com base nos princípios fundamentais, principalmente no direito à vida, possibilitada pelo reconhecimento do sangue como um tratamento de risco e a utilização de alternativas a estes

First detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the surfaces of tourist-recreational facilities in Italy

A Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spreads via direct contact through droplets produced by infected individuals. The transmission of this virus can also occur via indirect contact if objects and surfaces are contaminated by secretions from individuals with COVID-19 or asymptomatic carriers. Environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 is high in hospital settings; on the contrary, surface contamination in non-healthcare settings is still poorly studied. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of 20 tourist-recreational facilities was investigated by performing a total of 100 swabs on surfaces, including refrigerator handles, handrails, counters, tables, and bathroom access doors. Six (6%) swabs from four (20%) tourist-recreational facilities tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; the surfaces that were involved were toilet door handles, refrigerator handles, handrails, and bar counters. This study highlights that SARS-CoV-2 is also present in non-healthcare environments; therefore, in order to limit this worrying pandemic, compliance with behavioral rules and the adoption of preventive and protective measures are of fundamental importance not only in healthcare or work environments but also in life environments

Historical influence on the practice of chiropractic radiology: part II - thematic analysis on the opinions of diplomates of the American Chiropractic College of Radiology about the future

Background: Over the past 20 years, various authors have addressed the question of the future of chiropractic. Most were positive about the future, with some advocating evidence-based practice and integration with mainstream healthcare, some advocating continued separation with an emphasis on subluxation-based care or the traditional/historical paradigm of chiropractic, and some calling for tolerance and unity. No papers were found specifically inquiring about the future of chiropractic radiology. Methods: The study population consisted of all current members of the American Chiropractic College of Radiology (ACCR), estimated at 190 people, known as chiropractic radiologists or Diplomates of the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology (DACBRs). An internet-based, anonymous survey using SurveyMonkey was implemented, supplemented by hard copies distributed at a conference. The main point of interest for this paper is the final item of the overall questionnaire. This item inquired about the future of chiropractic radiology. Thematic analysis was used on the responses, coded in both constructionist and inductive ways to extract both a general outlook and more specific themes. The inductive themes were also assigned secondarily to a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. Results: The overall response rate to the survey was 38% (73/190); within the group of respondents, 71 of 73 (98%) answered the item that is the subject of this paper. Opinions on the outlook for chiropractic radiology in the future were more negative than positive, with 14 respondents giving a positive outlook, 26 negative, and 14 non-committal. 28 respondents advocated integration with the wider healthcare community, 11 recommended emphasising separateness or a focus on working within chiropractic, and 15 did not express an opinion on this issue. Ten strengths were noted, 11 weaknesses, 57 opportunities, and 30 threats. Conclusions: The increasing necessity of demonstrating evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in healthcare makes it likely that chiropractic radiologists and the wider chiropractic profession will need to take a more active position on evidence-based practice. Re-evaluation of guidelines and legislation as well as enforcement policies and practices will be necessary. The consequences of failing to do so may include increased marginalisation and reduced viability as a profession

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

Background: Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing inflammation without affecting lipid levels may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis has remained unproved. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1β, involving 10,061 patients with previous myocardial infarction and a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level of 2 mg or more per liter. The trial compared three doses of canakinumab (50 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg, administered subcutaneously every 3 months) with placebo. The primary efficacy end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. RESULTS: At 48 months, the median reduction from baseline in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was 26 percentage points greater in the group that received the 50-mg dose of canakinumab, 37 percentage points greater in the 150-mg group, and 41 percentage points greater in the 300-mg group than in the placebo group. Canakinumab did not reduce lipid levels from baseline. At a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the incidence rate for the primary end point was 4.50 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group, 4.11 events per 100 person-years in the 50-mg group, 3.86 events per 100 person-years in the 150-mg group, and 3.90 events per 100 person-years in the 300-mg group. The hazard ratios as compared with placebo were as follows: in the 50-mg group, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.07; P = 0.30); in the 150-mg group, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P = 0.021); and in the 300-mg group, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.99; P = 0.031). The 150-mg dose, but not the other doses, met the prespecified multiplicity-adjusted threshold for statistical significance for the primary end point and the secondary end point that additionally included hospitalization for unstable angina that led to urgent revascularization (hazard ratio vs. placebo, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95; P = 0.005). Canakinumab was associated with a higher incidence of fatal infection than was placebo. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio for all canakinumab doses vs. placebo, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.06; P = 0.31). Conclusions: Antiinflammatory therapy targeting the interleukin-1β innate immunity pathway with canakinumab at a dose of 150 mg every 3 months led to a significantly lower rate of recurrent cardiovascular events than placebo, independent of lipid-level lowering. (Funded by Novartis; CANTOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01327846.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]