UPPER GREAT LAKES TRANSPORTATION IMPACT FORECASTING SYSTEM

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Northwest MN Freight Flow Study

In this project, researchers studied the flow of freight in the 12-county northwestern region of Minnesota for the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT). This project uses data from C.J. Peterson & Associates, as well as data on agricultural commodities, timber, and Canadian border crossings. This report identifies major commodity flows by origin and destination within and outside of the region and assigns these to a regional highway network using the QRSII model. It presents annual flows by major commodity classification on each highway link, both in weight value shipped, which permits an identification of significant freight corridors within the region. Mn/DOT plans to use this information in targeting investment and maintenance of the region's transportation infrastructure. The study also serves as a prototype for examining freight flows in other regions of the state.Minnesota Department of Transportatio

Conformational changes in Sp-B as a function of surface pressure

X-ray reflectivity of bovine and sheep surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) monolayers is used in conjunction with pressure-area isotherms and protein models to suggest that the protein undergoes changes in its tertiary structure at the air/water interface under the influence of surface pressure, indicating the likely importance of such changes to the phenomena of protein squeeze out as well as lipid exchange between the air-water interface and subphase structures. We describe an algorithm based on the well-established box- or layer-models that greatly assists the fitting of such unknown scattering-length density profiles, and which takes the available instrumental resolution into account. Scattering-length density profiles from neutron reflectivity of bovine SP-B monolayers on aqueous subphases are shown to be consistent with the exchange of a large number of labile protons as well as the inclusion of a significant amount of water, which is partly squeezed out of the protein monolayer at elevated surface pressures