1,492 research outputs found
Influence of alternating air injection on the color and <em>“alambrado”</em> of natural black olives cv. Arauco, as compared with the traditional Argentine method
Ripe black olives cv. Arauco were processed under different conditions to evaluate the effects of alternating air injection (AI) on the color of olives and on spoilage known as “<em>alambrado</em>”, using a system based on the one patented by the “Instituto de la Grasa” (Sevilla, Spain), as compared with the traditional Argentine processing method, which consists of drying the olives in natural air (“<em>extendido</em>”) for 24 hours at 7, 14 and 21 days of fermentation. Four types of fermentation were used: brine at 2% NaCl plus AI; brine at 2% NaCl plus three “<em>extendidos</em>”; brine at 9% NaCl plus three “<em>extendido</em>s”; and brine at 9% NaCl plus AI and one “<em>extendido</em>”. As previously observed in other varieties by other authors, we noticed that lower pH values were achieved in 2% NaCl fermentations vs. 9% NaCl fermentations. AI prevented the “<em>alambrado</em>” whereas brine at 2% NaCl reduced this spoilage as compared with brine at 9% NaCl. The darkest color of olives was obtained with three “<em>extendido</em>s”, but 83% of brightness reduction was achieved with only one “<em>extendido</em>”. The “<em>extendido</em>” process decreased the texture. We conclude that the combination of AI and “<em>extendido</em>” can add benefits to natural black olives of the Arauco variety.<br><br>Se elaboraron aceitunas negras maduras variedad Arauco en distintas condiciones para evaluar la inyección alternante de aire (IA) con un sistema basado en el patentado por el Instituto de la Grasa, en comparación con la elaboración tradicional argentina donde se realiza exposición al aire en seco (“extendido”) de los frutos durante 24 h, en tres momentos de la fermentación (después de 7, 14 y 21 días). Se hicieron cuatro tipos de fermentaciones: en salmuera al 2% con IA; en salmuera al 2% y 9% con tres “extendidos” y salmuera 9% con IA y un “extendido”. Se alcanzaron los valores mas bajos de pH en fermentaciones con el 2% de NaCl versus las de 9%. La IA evita el defecto de “alambrado” y lo reduce la concentración de 2% versus la de 9%. El color más oscuro se obtiene aplicando el “extendido” en tres oportunidades, pero con una aplicación se alcanza el 83% de la reducción de luminosidad alcanzada por las tres aplicaciones. La textura se ve disminuida por el proceso de “extendido”. La combinación de la IA y el “extendido” reducen el defecto de “alambrado” y oscurecen las aceitunas negras al natural de la variedad Arauco
Asthma diagnosis is not associated with obesity in a population of adults from Madrid
Background: Several studies have suggested a relationship between asthma and obesity; however, this relationship is unclear when obesity
is compared with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.
Aim: To determine whether obesity is associated with a diagnosis of asthma.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a population of Spanish adults in the north of Madrid, Spain between 2003 and
2007. The patients included had experienced asthma symptoms during the previous year, but had a ratio of forced expiratory volume in
the fi rst second of expiration (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) of >70%. Diagnosis was confi rmed by the presence of symptoms and
demonstration of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI). Adjusted odd ratios
(OR) were obtained by logistic regression.
Results: Of a total of 1424 patients included, 251 (17.6%) were diagnosed with asthma. These patients were younger (P<.001) and had
lower BMI (P<.001) and lung function parameters (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio) than individuals without asthma (P<.001). After adjusting
the model for age, gender, baseline FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio, patients with overweight or obesity were not more frequently diagnosed
with asthma than those with normal weight (OR, 0.848 [95% confi dence interval (CI), 0.59-1.20]; and OR, 0.616 [95% CI, 0.38-0.99],
respectively). In addition, obese males were more frequently diagnosed with asthma than obese females (P<.041).
Conclusions: In this study, obesity and overweight were not associated with a diagnosis of asthma based on the presence of consistent
symptoms and demonstration of airway responsiveness to methacholineFundamento: Varios estudios sugieren que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para padecer asma, lo que no siempre se confi rma cuando
se compara la obesidad con la hiperreactividad bronquial (HRB) en pacientes con síntomas de asma.
Objetivo: Determinar si la obesidad se asocia con el diagnóstico de asma, confi rmado por presencia de síntomas e HRB a metacolina.
Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en población adulta del Área Norte de Madrid entre 2003 y 2007. Se incluyeron
sujetos que habían padecido síntomas de asma en el último año, con un FEV1/FVC>70% y que precisaban una prueba de metacolina
para confi rmar el diagnóstico. La obesidad se defi nió según el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística
para calcular odd ratios (OR) ajustadas.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 1.424 sujetos y se diagnosticaron de asma 251 sujetos (17,6%) que, comparados con los 1.173 no diagnosticados
de asma, eran más jóvenes y presentaban un IMC y parámetros de función pulmonar (FEV1, FEV1/FVC) más bajos (p<0,001). Tras ajustar
el modelo por edad, sexo, FEV1 basal y FEV1/FVC el diagnóstico de asma no fue más prevalente en los sujetos obesos o con sobrepeso que
en los sujetos con peso normal (OR 0,848, IC95% 0,59-1,20 y OR 0,616, IC95% 0,38-0,99, respectivamente). El diagnóstico de asma
fue más frecuente en hombres obesos que en mujeres obesas (p=0,041).
Conclusiones: La obesidad y el sobrepeso no se asociaron con el diagnóstico de asma establecido por la presencia de síntomas e HRB a
metacolinaThis research project was carried out with a
grant from Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del
Hospital Universitario La Paz (FIBHULP
Asthma, obesity and diet
El asma y la obesidad son dos trastornos de gran
impacto en la salud pública que han aumentado su prevalencia
en los últimos años. Numerosos estudios han relacionado
ambas entidades.
La mayoría de los estudios prospectivos demuestran
que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para el diagnóstico
“de novo” de asma. Además, los resultados de diversos
estudios sugieren que así como la ganancia de peso
aumenta el riesgo de asma, la pérdida mejora su evolución.
En general, los estudios prospectivos encuentran
una asociación positiva entre el índice de masa corporal
(IMC) basal y el posterior desarrollo de asma, lo que
sugiere que es el exceso de peso el que podría favorecer el
desarrollo de asma, aunque estos resultados no son tan
concluyentes cuando se estudia la asociación entre hiperreactividad
bronquial con el IMC.
Existen distintos factores que podrían explicar esta
asociación. La obesidad es capaz de reducir la compliance
pulmonar, los volúmenes pulmonares y el diámetro de de
las vías respiratorias periféricas, así como alterar los
volúmenes sanguíneos pulmonares y la relación ventilación-
perfusión. Además, el aumento del funcionamiento
normal del tejido adiposo en sujetos obesos conduce a un
estado proinflamatorio sistémico, que produce un
aumento de las concentraciones séricas de numerosas
citoquinas, fracciones solubles de sus receptores y quimiocinas.
Muchos de estos mediadores son sintetizados y
secretados por células del tejido adiposo y reciben el nombre
genérico de adipocinas, entre las que se incluyen IL-6,
IL-10, eotaxina, TNF- , TGF- 1, PCR, leptina y adiponectina.
Por último, se han identificado regiones específicas
del genoma humano que están relacionadas tanto con
el asma como con la obesidad.
La mayoría de los estudios apuntan a que la obesidad
es capaz de aumentar la prevalencia y la incidencia de
asma, aunque este efecto parece ser moderado. El tratamiento
de los asmáticos obesos debe incluir un programa
de control de peso.Asthma and obesity have a considerable impact on
public health and their prevalence has increased in recent
years. Numerous studies have linked both disorders.
Most prospective studies show that obesity is a risk factor
for asthma and have found a positive correlation between
baseline body mass index (BMI) and the subsequent
development of asthma, although these results are not
conclusive when studying the association between airway
hyperresponsiveness with BMI. Furthermore, several
studies suggest that whereas weight gain increases the
risk of asthma, weight loss improves the course of the illness.
Different factors could explain this association. Obesity
is capable of reducing pulmonary compliance, lung
volumes and the diameter of peripheral respiratory airways
as well as affecting the volume of blood in the lungs
and the ventilation-perfusion relationship. Furthermore,
the increase in the normal functioning of adipose tissue in
obese subjects leads to a systemic proinflammatory state,
which produces a rise in the serum concentrations of several
cytokines, the soluble fractions of their receptors and
chemokines. Many of these mediators are synthesized
and secreted by cells from adipose tissue and receive the
generic name of adipokines, including IL-6, IL-10,
eotaxin, TNF- , TGF- 1, PCR, leptin y adiponectin.
Finally, specific regions of the human genome which are
related to both asthma and obesity have been identified.
Most studies point out that obesity is capable of
increasing the prevalence and incidence of asthma,
although this effect appears to be modest. The treatment
of obese asthmatics must include a weight control progra
ASIC-based tachometer without mechanical transducer for induction machines
A classical method for angular position and speed estimation in adjustable speed drives uses an incremental shaft encoder and an electronic circuit. This paper presents SLESS, a tachometer without mechanical transducer implemented on an ASIC using sensorless speed estimation technique. The ASIC is intended to serve as part of an integrated solution developed for fuzzy speed regulation and vector control of induction motors
ASITRON: ASIC for indirect vector control of induction motors with fuzzy logic based speed regulation
This paper presents ASITRON, an integrated solution for the vector control of induction motors. This ASIC is a micro-system that integrates, in a chip, all the logic required by the indirect vector control method. ASITRON implements a PWM based current control loop, the measure of speed based on a biphase pulse signal encoder, a fuzzy logic based speed and position outer control loop and a microprocessor external parallel interface. A built-in 64-rules fuzzy logic controller can be programmed to deal with the speed or position outer control loop. This integrated solution is the essential part of a compact, high performance, industrial control system for elevators
Bases de la respuesta inflamatoria en la forma respiratoria del PRRS
El Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino (PRRS) es una enfermedad de distribución mundial que causa graves pérdidas económicas al sector porcino. Este virus no sólo es importante como agente causal del PRRS sino también por su participación en el desarrollo del Complejo Respiratorio Porcino. Su interacción con las defensas pulmonares, la alteración de la respuesta inmune y su persistencia en los órganos linfoides conlleva a que los cerdos tengan dificultades para luchar contra la enfermedad.Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is considered as the most economically important disease of the modern swine industry. The importance of this virus lies in not only being the causative agent of PRRSV, but also due to its implication in the onset of the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex. The interaction of the virus with pulmonary defenses, the impairment of the immune response as well as the viral persistence in lymphoid organs make overcoming the disease diffi cult to infected pigs
Integrated solution for induction motor control
The command speed has an 'S' shape, typical in vertical operation systems. The reason for this command speed is that a soft acceleration/deceleration avoids abrupt movements in the elevator cabin, increasing the comfort level. A Fuzzy-logic based controller for the speed and position control based on an ASIC design
Generating vortex rings in Bose-Einstein condensates in the line-source approximation
We present a numerical method for generating vortex rings in Bose-Einstein
condensates confined in axially symmetric traps. The vortex ring is generated
using the line-source approximation for the vorticity, i.e., the rotational of
the superfluid velocity field is different from zero only on a circumference of
given radius located on a plane perpendicular to the symmetry axis and coaxial
with it. The particle density is obtained by solving a modified
Gross-Pitaevskii equation that incorporates the effect of the velocity field.
We discuss the appearance of density profiles, the vortex core structure and
the vortex nucleation energy, i.e., the energy difference between vortical and
ground-state configurations. This is used to present a qualitative description
of the vortex dynamics.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Complete response to gemtuzumab ozogamicin in a patient with refractory mast cell leukemia
Mast cell (MC) leukemia (MCL) is a subtype of systemic mastocytosis (SM) defined by the World Health Organization as ⩾ 20% of MCs in the bone marrow (BM) aspirate, with (leukemic variant) or without (aleukemic variant) ⩾ 10% of MCs in peripheral blood (PB). The European/American Consensus Group on Mastocytosis has recently proposed a new subclassification of MCL that distinguishes acute vs chronic MCL based on the presence vs absence of organ damage, respectively.Peer Reviewe
Estrés oxidativo en judocas de élite sometidos al test de Sterkowicz
P. 380Se presenta una evaluación de los marcadores de estrés oxidativo para poder corregirlos mediante una intervención dietética específica.S
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