169 research outputs found
Acute camptocormia induced by olanzapine: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Camptocormia refers to an abnormal posture with flexion of the thoraco-lumbar spine which increases during walking and resolves in supine position. This symptom is an increasingly recognized feature of parkinsonian and dystonic disorders, but may also be caused by neuromuscular diseases. There is recent evidence that both central and peripheral mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of camptocormia. We report a case of acute onset of camptocormia, a rare side effect induced by olanzapine, a second-generation atypical anti-psychotic drug with fewer extra-pyramidal side-effects, increasingly used as first line therapy for schizophrenia, delusional disorders and bipolar disorder.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 73-year-old Caucasian woman with no history of neuromuscular disorder, treated for chronic delusional disorder for the last ten years, received two injections of long-acting haloperidol. She was then referred for fatigue. Physical examination showed a frank parkinsonism without other abnormalities. Routine laboratory tests showed normal results, notably concerning creatine kinase level. Fatigue was attributed to haloperidol which was substituted for olanzapine. Our patient left the hospital after five days without complaint. She was admitted again three days later with acute back pain. Examination showed camptocormia and tenderness in paraspinal muscles. Creatine kinase level was elevated (2986 UI/L). Magnetic resonance imaging showed necrosis and edema in paraspinal muscles. Olanzapine was discontinued. Pain resolved quickly and muscle enzymes were normalized within ten days. Risperidone was later introduced without significant side-effect. The camptocormic posture had disappeared when the patient was seen as an out-patient one year later.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Camptocormia is a heterogeneous syndrome of various causes. We believe that our case illustrates the need to search for paraspinal muscle damage, including drug-induced rhabdomyolysis, in patients presenting with acute-onset bent spine syndrome. Although rare, the occurrence of camptocormia induced by olanzapine must be considered.</p
Evolutionary and temporal dynamics of emerging influenza D virus in Europe (2009-22).
peer reviewedInfluenza D virus (IDV) is an emerging influenza virus that was isolated for the first time in 2011 in the USA from swine with respiratory illness. Since then, IDV has been detected worldwide in different animal species, and it was also reported in humans. Molecular epidemiological studies revealed the circulation of two major clades, named D/OK and D/660. Additional divergent clades have been described but have been limited to specific geographic areas (i.e. Japan and California). In Europe, IDV was detected for the first time in France in 2012 and subsequently also in Italy, Luxembourg, Ireland, the UK, Switzerland, and Denmark. To understand the time of introduction and the evolutionary dynamics of IDV on the continent, molecular screening of bovine and swine clinical samples was carried out in different European countries, and phylogenetic analyses were performed on all available and newly generated sequences. Until recently, D/OK was the only clade detected in this area. Starting from 2019, an increase in D/660 clade detections was observed, accompanied by an increase in the overall viral genetic diversity and genetic reassortments. The time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of all existing IDV sequences was estimated as 1995-16âyears before its discovery, indicating that the virus could have started its global spread in this time frame. Despite the D/OK and D/660 clades having a similar mean tMRCA (2007), the mean tMRCA for European D/OK sequences was estimated as January 2013 compared to July 2014 for European D/660 sequences. This indicated that the two clades were likely introduced on the European continent at different time points, as confirmed by virological screening findings. The mean nucleotide substitution rate of the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) glycoprotein segment was estimated as 1.403âĂâ10-3âsubstitutions/site/year, which is significantly higher than the one of the HEF of human influenza C virus (Pâ<â0.0001). IDV genetic drift, the introduction of new clades on the continent, and multiple reassortment patterns shape the increasing viral diversity observed in the last years. Its elevated substitution rate, diffusion in various animal species, and the growing evidence pointing towards zoonotic potential justify continuous surveillance of this emerging influenza virus
Structure, Function, and Evolution of the Thiomonas spp. Genome
Bacteria of the Thiomonas genus are ubiquitous in extreme environments, such as arsenic-rich acid mine drainage (AMD). The genome of one of these strains, Thiomonas sp. 3As, was sequenced, annotated, and examined, revealing specific adaptations allowing this bacterium to survive and grow in its highly toxic environment. In order to explore genomic diversity as well as genetic evolution in Thiomonas spp., a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) approach was used on eight different strains of the Thiomonas genus, including five strains of the same species. Our results suggest that the Thiomonas genome has evolved through the gain or loss of genomic islands and that this evolution is influenced by the specific environmental conditions in which the strains live
Methylobacterium Genome Sequences: A Reference Blueprint to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of C1 Compounds from Natural and Industrial Sources
Methylotrophy describes the ability of organisms to grow on reduced organic compounds without carbon-carbon bonds. The genomes of two pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria of the Alpha-proteobacterial genus Methylobacterium, the reference species Methylobacterium extorquens strain AM1 and the dichloromethane-degrading strain DM4, were compared. Methodology/Principal Findings The 6.88 Mb genome of strain AM1 comprises a 5.51 Mb chromosome, a 1.26 Mb megaplasmid and three plasmids, while the 6.12 Mb genome of strain DM4 features a 5.94 Mb chromosome and two plasmids. The chromosomes are highly syntenic and share a large majority of genes, while plasmids are mostly strain-specific, with the exception of a 130 kb region of the strain AM1 megaplasmid which is syntenic to a chromosomal region of strain DM4. Both genomes contain large sets of insertion elements, many of them strain-specific, suggesting an important potential for genomic plasticity. Most of the genomic determinants associated with methylotrophy are nearly identical, with two exceptions that illustrate the metabolic and genomic versatility of Methylobacterium. A 126 kb dichloromethane utilization (dcm) gene cluster is essential for the ability of strain DM4 to use DCM as the sole carbon and energy source for growth and is unique to strain DM4. The methylamine utilization (mau) gene cluster is only found in strain AM1, indicating that strain DM4 employs an alternative system for growth with methylamine. The dcm and mau clusters represent two of the chromosomal genomic islands (AM1: 28; DM4: 17) that were defined. The mau cluster is flanked by mobile elements, but the dcm cluster disrupts a gene annotated as chelatase and for which we propose the name âisland integration determinantâ (iid).Conclusion/Significance These two genome sequences provide a platform for intra- and interspecies genomic comparisons in the genus Methylobacterium, and for investigations of the adaptive mechanisms which allow bacterial lineages to acquire methylotrophic lifestyles.Organismic and Evolutionary Biolog
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Design de nouveaux synthons dérivés de l'acide oléique : application à la synthÚse de polyuréthanes
De nouveaux synthons bio-sourcĂ©s de structure et de fonctionnalitĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©s Ă partir de lâolĂ©ate de mĂ©thyle issu de lâhuile de tournesol. Les synthons de type C18-R-C18 et de nature diol et biscarbonate ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour la synthĂšse de polyurĂ©thanes thermoplastiques. Selon la nature de R (aliphatique ou aromatique), les propriĂ©tĂ©s thermomĂ©caniques et rhĂ©ologiques de ces polyurĂ©thanes on Ă©tĂ© ajustĂ©es. Dans le cas oĂč R est hydrophile, les synthons de types diols prĂ©sentent des propriĂ©tĂ©s amphiphiles permettant la prĂ©paration de polyurĂ©thanes en dispersion aqueuse. Pour sâaffranchir delâutilisation dâisocyanates, des polyurĂ©thanes ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©s par rĂ©action de diamines avec les synthons biscarbonates. Ces derniers ont Ă©tĂ© synthĂ©tisĂ©s par rĂ©action de leurs homologues Ă©poxydĂ©s avec le CO2.Abstrac
Design de nouveaux synthons dérivés de l'acide oléique : application à la synthÚse de polyuréthanes
De nouveaux synthons bio-sourcĂ©s de structure et de fonctionnalitĂ© contrĂŽlĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©s Ă partir de lâolĂ©ate de mĂ©thyle issu de lâhuile de tournesol. Les synthons de type C18-R-C18 et de nature diol et biscarbonate ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour la synthĂšse de polyurĂ©thanes thermoplastiques. Selon la nature de R (aliphatique ou aromatique), les propriĂ©tĂ©s thermomĂ©caniques et rhĂ©ologiques de ces polyurĂ©thanes on Ă©tĂ© ajustĂ©es. Dans le cas oĂč R est hydrophile, les synthons de types diols prĂ©sentent des propriĂ©tĂ©s amphiphiles permettant la prĂ©paration de polyurĂ©thanes en dispersion aqueuse. Pour sâaffranchir delâutilisation dâisocyanates, des polyurĂ©thanes ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©s par rĂ©action de diamines avec les synthons biscarbonates. Ces derniers ont Ă©tĂ© synthĂ©tisĂ©s par rĂ©action de leurs homologues Ă©poxydĂ©s avec le CO2.Abstrac
Détection automatique de phrases en domaine de spécialité en français
La dĂ©tection de frontiĂšres de phrase est gĂ©nĂ©ralement considĂ©rĂ© comme un problĂšme rĂ©solu. Cependant, les outils performant sur des textes en domaine gĂ©nĂ©ral, ne le sont pas forcement sur des domaines spĂ©cialisĂ©s, ce qui peut engendrer des dĂ©gradations de performance des outils intervenant en aval dans une chaĂźne de traitement automatique sÂappuyant sur des textes dĂ©coupĂ©s en phrases. Dans cet article, nous Ă©valuons 5 outils de segmentation en phrase sur 3 corpus issus de diffĂ©rent domaines. Nous rĂ©-entrainerons lÂun de ces outils sur un corpus de spĂ©cialitĂ© pour Ă©tudier lÂadaptation en domaine. Notamment, nous utilisons un nouveau corpus biomĂ©dical annotĂ© spĂ©cifiquement pour cette tĂąche. La detection de frontiĂšres de phrase Ă lÂaide dÂun modĂšle OpenNLP entraĂźnĂ© sur un corpus clinique offre une F-mesure de .73, contre .66 pour la version standard de lÂoutil.Sentence boundary detection is generally considered as a solved problem. However, tools that perform well on standard text do not necessarily deal well with specialized corpus, which may degrade the analysis of other natural language processing tools intended to process sentence-segmented text. In this paper, we conduct a benchmark evaluation of 5 standard sentence boundary detection tools on 3 corpora covering different domains and subdomains. We then retrain one of the tools on domain-specific data and show that this leads to improved performance. In particular, we experiment with the clinical domain using a new clinical corpus annotated for gold-standard sentence boundaries. Sentence boundary detection with an openNLP model trained on the clinical data achieves an F-measure of .73, vs. .66 for standard openNLP distribution. MOTS-CLĂS : Segmentation en phrases, domaine de spĂ©cialitĂ©, Ă©valuation
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