Evaluación del atributo de calidad del software "Aprendizaje" empleando un método multicriterio

La motivación de este trabajo es proponer la adopción de un modelo para la evaluación del atributo de calidad ‘Aprendizaje’ en el marco de aplicaciones web, tanto simples como complejas, permitiendo conocer de antemano cuán fácil y eficientemente podrán los usuarios realizar sus tareas habituales empleando una aplicación como soporte. Para la creación del modelo propuesto, se siguen los pasos indicados por el método LSP (Logic Scoring of Preference), un método multicriterio que permite la creación de modelos cuantitativos para la evaluación, optimización, comparación y selección de sistemas complejos. LSP es un método de decisión multicriterio y multiatributo que respalda la elaboración de modelos que pueden dar importancia diversa a los distintos atributos considerados, en este caso elementos en un árbol de requisitos de adecuación al atributo de calidad ‘Aprendizaje’, permitiendo elegir qué elementos tendrán una importancia más destacada en función de las necesidades del proyecto considerado. Por otro lado, se propone seguir directrices de normas reconocidas, como la International Organization for Standardization (ISO), como referencia para la creación del modelo, por ejemplo, los lineamientos da-dos en la norma ISO 9241-110: Ergonomics of Human-system Intereaction, la cual sirve de guía a organizaciones y desarrolladores para, entre otras cosas, formular e implementar estrategias de desarrollo a lo que dan en llamar ‘Learnability’ del software. En particular, en el presente trabajo, estas normas han servido de guía para seleccionar características y sub-características que hacen al modelo de evaluación del atributo ‘Aprendizaje’. Estas características han si-do aumentadas con otras propias, enriqueciendo así, y en base a otras propuestas analizadas, los requisitos considerados para la evaluación.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Evaluación del atributo aprendizaje en aplicaciones web

En este trabajo, presentamos los objetivos, lineamientos generales y resultados esperados de una línea de investigación sobre la creación de modelos de evaluación de la característica “Aprendizaje” en aplicaciones web. Dicha línea de investigación forma parte integral del desarrollo de modelos de evaluación de sistemas complejos. Considerando que la evaluación de la estructura y metodología de implementación del Aprendizaje de un sistema de software, que debería incluir los puntos necesarios para que el sistema pueda ser fácilmente aprendido, implica una evaluación de un sistema complejo, es que esta investigación tiene como objetivo la creación, puesta a punto y aplicación de diversos modelos que permitan obtener indicadores del nivel alcanzado en la implementación de medidas que contribuyan a facilitar el aprendizaje de aplicaciones web. Comprobar el atributo Aprendizaje es fundamentalmente valioso para aplicaciones y sistemas complejos a los que los usuarios acceden con frecuencia, no obstante saber cuán rápido los usuarios pueden prosperar en el uso de su interfaz es valioso incluso para sistemas objetivamente simples. En esta primera etapa, se aborda el estudio y la aplicación de la metodología para el desarrollo de dichos modelos de evaluación siguiendo los lineamientos del método Logic Score of Preference (LSP). Asimismo, se toma como referencia para la creación del modelo, estándares reconocidos como los de la International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Así, de acuerdo con la ISO/IEC 25010, el atributo Aprendizaje es uno de los seis componentes de calidad de la Usabilidad (o Capacidad de Uso); otros son la Inteligibilidad (Appropriateness Recognizability), Operatividad (Operability), Protección Frente a Errores de Usuarios (User Error Protection), Estética de la Interfaz de Usuario (User Interface Aesthetics) y la Accesibilidad (Accessibility), como puede observarse en la figura 1, en donde se muestran todas las dimensiones de la calidad del software de acuerdo a dicha norma. También se siguen los lineamientos dados en la norma ISO 9241-110: Ergonomics of Human-system Intereaction y la parte 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems de la ISO 9241-210. Ambas sirven de guía a las organizaciones para, entre otras cosas, formular e implementar estrategias de desarrollo a lo que dan en llamar ‘Learnability’ del software. Estos atributos pueden ser aumentados con desarrollos propios, enriqueciendo los requisitos considerados en la evaluación del Aprendizaje. Asimismo continuamos con el estudio de nuevas características a incluir en esta investigación con el fin de ajustar el modelo adecuadamente.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Structural Conformers of (1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)ethanethioamides: The Balance Between Thioamide Rotation and Preservation of Classical Sulfur-Sulfur Hypervalent Bonds

The reaction of N-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-N-alkylisopropylamines and S2Cl2 gave 4-N-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-N-alkylamino-5-chloro-1,2-dithiol-3-thiones that quantitatively cycloadded to dimethyl or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give stable thioacid chlorides, which in turn reacted with one equivalent of aniline or a thiole to give thioanilides or a dithioester. Several compounds of this series showed atropisomers that were studied by a combination of dynamic NMR, simulation of the signals, conformational analysis by DFT methods, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, showing a good correlation between the theoretical calculations, the experimental values of energies, and the preferred conformations in the solid state. The steric hindering of the crowded substitution at the central amine group was found to be the reason for the presence of permanent atropisomers in this series of compounds and the cause of a unique disposition of the thioxo group at close-to-right angles with respect to the plane defined by the 1,3-dithiole ring in the dithiafulvene derivatives, thus breaking the sulfur–sulfur hypervalent bond that is always found in this kind of compounds.Ministerio de Economıá y Competitividad, Spain (Project CTQ2012- 31611), Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura y Fondo Social Europeo (Project BU246A12-1), and the European Commission, Seventh Framework Programme (Project SNIFFER FP7-SEC-2012-312411

Prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes, categorised by their quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccination coverage, and the genotype association with high-grade lesions

BACKGROUND: The new nine-valent vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) includes the four HPV genotypes (6, 11, 16, and 18) that are targeted by the older quadrivalent HPV vaccine, plus five additional oncogenic types (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) remain significantly associated with high grade lesions. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes in unvaccinated subjects and the association of these genotypes with the incidence of high-grade lesions. We also assessed which, if either, of these two HPV vaccines could have prevented these cases. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted from 4 January 2010 to 30 December 2011, was composed of 595 women attending the Hospital General Universitario de Elche (Spain) gynaecology department who were positively screened for opportunistic cervical cancer by pap smears and HPV detection during a routine gynaecological health check. The pap smear results were classified using the Bethesda system. HPV genotyping was performed with the Linear Array HPV genotyping test, and viruses were classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer assessment of HPV carcinogenicity. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusting for age and immigrant status. The prevented fraction among those exposed (PFe-adjusted) was determined as a measure of impact. RESULTS: At least one of the additional five high-risk HPV genotypes present in the nine-valent HPV vaccine was detected in 20.5% of subjects. After excluding women with genotype 16 and/or 18 co-infection, high-risk genotypes (31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) were associated with a higher risk of intraepithelial lesion or malignancy: adjusted OR?=?3.51 (95% CI, 1.29-9.56), PFe-adjusted?=?0.72 (95% CI, 0.22-0.90). Genotypes that are still non-vaccine-targeted were detected in 17.98% of the women, but these were not significantly associated with high-grade lesions. CONCLUSION: The greater protection of the nine-valent HPV vaccine is likely to have a positive impact because, in the absence of genotype 16 or 18 infection, these five genotypes on their own remained significantly associated with high-grade lesions

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Paranaguá, Antonina e Curitiba, início do século XIX: reconstituindo espaços e a lógica de sua organização social

This paper is to develop a methodology to characterize the spatial distribution in the early nineteenth century, the urban residents enrolled in the Décima of Paranaguá, Antonina and Curitiba, three villages in southern province of São Paulo. Here are the problems faced and decisions made, almost always temporary and arbitrary. The result reached hypothetical plants of subdivisions and urban streets of those towns. From a database - developed mainly with the information Lista Nominativa de Habitantes - it was possible to characterize residents enrolled in the books of property tax Décima. Spatialising thematic data in plants, where they lived was possible to perceive the social group, your choices (or lack thereof), or realize their preferred sites, but not exclusive housing.O objetivo desse artigo é desenvolver uma metodologia para caracterizar a espacialização, no início do século XIX, dos moradores arrolados nas décimas urbanas de Paranaguá, Antonina e Curitiba, três vilas do sul da capitania de São Paulo. Apresentamos aqui os problemas enfrentados e decisões tomadas, quase sempre provisórias e arbitrárias. O resultado chegou a plantas hipotéticas dos loteamentos e arruamentos urbanos daquelas vilas. A partir de um banco de dados - elaborado principalmente com informações das Listas Nominativas de Habitantes -, foi possível caracterizar os moradores arrolados nos livros de imposto predial de Décima. Espacializando esses dados em plantas temáticas, foi possível perceber onde moravam os grupo sociais, suas escolhas (ou a falta delas), ou seja, perceber seus locais preferenciais, mas não exclusivos, de habitação

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Biología de la reproducción de Alytes cisternasii Boscá, 1879Estudio de las interacciones entre Triturus marmoratus y Triturus boscai (Amphibia:Caudata) durante su período larvarioPaso otoñal de Passeriformes por una localidad de Sierra Morena central (Sur de España).Resultados de los censos de aves acuáticas invernantes en el sur-oeste de España.Inviernos de 1975/76 y de 1976/77Distribución y fluctuaciones mensuales de aves acuáticas en Andalucía Occidental. Invierno 1977/78Datos sobre la reproducción del conejo,Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), en Doñana, S. O. de España, durante un año secoDatos ecológicos comparativos entre murciélagos cavernícolas granadinos y los de otras regiones.La introducción artificial de Chamaeleo chamaeleon (L.) en AndalucíaNuevos datos sobre la distribución de Triturus alpestrisUna nueva localidad para Elaphe longissina en la cordillera cantábricaElaphe scalaris merodeando en nidos de Merops apiaster y Coracias garrrulusElaphe scalaris merodeando en nidos de Merops apiaster y Coracias garrrulusIntoxicación botulínica en aves acuáticas silvestres en la marisma del Guadalquivir (Coto Doñana)Notas sobre la ecología alimenticia del elanio azul (Elanus caeruleusSobre un nido de Monticola solitarius en sierra Morena central (prov. de CórdobaCaptura de Porphyrula alleni en las marismas del GuadalquivirCaptura de cerceta aliazul (Anas discors) en las marismas del GuadalquivirDescripción de los cromosomas del topillo ibérico (Microtus cabrerae)Peer reviewe

Internal and external drivers for quality certification in the service industry: Do they have different impacts on success?

This paper presents the results of a study of hotels that are certified for quality management to identify the reasons for seeking quality certification. The authors analyse whether internal or external drivers for seeking certification have different impacts on benefits and the use of quality tools in the hotel industry. The analysis groups hotels according to the importance of their internal reasons for certification, and uses cluster analysis to identify the significant differences between groups of hotels. The findings for the 32 hotels analysed show that hotels that pursued certification for internal reasons develop better quality tools and have increased levels of benefit

POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, skin lesions) syndrome: a South America's report POEMS (polineuropatia, organomegalia, endocrinopatia, proteína M, alterações de pele): relato sul-americano

The POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome, is an unusual systemic disorder described mainly in Asian individuals. It is characterized by the presence of (P)polyneuropathy, (O)organomegaly, (E)endocrinopathy, (M) M-protein, and (S) skin changes. Several other associated condictions such as sclerotic bone lesions, Castleman disease, low-grade fever, edema and hematologic disorders are usually seen. We describe five Brazilian patients with this syndrome. Two patients presented Castleman disease, one patient presented osteosclerotic myeloma and in two patients no associated conditions were found.<br>A síndrome POEMS, também conhecida como síndrome de Crow-Fukase é uma desordem sistêmica rara descrita principalmente em asiáticos. Ela é caracterizada pela presença de (P) polineuropatia, (O) organomegalia, (E) endocrinopatia, (M) proteína M e (S) alterações de pele. Diversas outras manifestações, tais como lesões osteoescleróticas, doença de Castleman, febre baixa, edema e distúrbios hematológicos são freqüentemente observados. Apresentamos cinco pacientes brasileiros com esta síndrome. Dois pacientes apresentaram diagnóstico de doença de Castleman, um paciente com mieloma osteoesclerótico e em dois pacientes, nenhuma condição associada foi encontrada