Modificirana metoda čvorova u svrhu određivanja prijenosne funkcije linearnih sustava s više izlaza i više ulaza

A generalized method for determination of transfer functions of circuits with multi-inputs multi-outputs is introduced. The paper proposes a systematic and efficient formulation for generating the transfer matrix containing transfer functions, necessary to model these kinds of circuits. The modified nodal analysis, whose application is simpler than the state-space analysis, is used in obtaining the system equations. The method is a matrix-based approach. It is suitable for both symbolic manipulation and numeric processes. Furthermore, the frequency domain analysis is realized using the system model. Application examples are included to illustrate the method.Predstavljena je općenita metoda za određivanje prijenose funkcije sustava s više ulaza i više izlaza. U ovome članku predložena je sistematična i efikasna formulacija za računanje prijenosne matrice koja sadrži prijenosne funkcije, nužne za modeliranje sustava ovakvog tipa. Modificirana metoda čvorova, čija je primjena jednostavnija nego analiza u prostoru stanja, koristi se za određivanje jednadžbi sustava. Predložena metoda temelji se na matričnom računu. Prikladna je za simboličko i numeričko računanje. Nadalje, koristeći model sustava napravljena je i frekvencijska analiza. Također, priloženi su i primjeri radi ilustracije primjene metode

Determination of unified time constants of switching circuits in terms of averaged-nodal equations

Switching circuits have variable structural topologies. In every topology, they have different dynamics and time constants. Resistances of switching elements vary between a very small value and a very large value during conduction mode and disconnection mode. Therefore, equivalent circuit modelling of switching circuits requires averaging the on-state and off-state resistances of switching elements over one switching period. Determining averaged switch models allows to determine unified time constants of variable structural switching circuits. In this paper, analytically, it is shown how to calculate the equivalent average resistance and to derive unified time constants. The formulation method is based on nodal equations, very suitable for the analysis of switching circuits

Modificirana metoda čvorova u svrhu određivanja prijenosne funkcije linearnih sustava s više izlaza i više ulaza

A generalized method for determination of transfer functions of circuits with multi-inputs multi-outputs is introduced. The paper proposes a systematic and efficient formulation for generating the transfer matrix containing transfer functions, necessary to model these kinds of circuits. The modified nodal analysis, whose application is simpler than the state-space analysis, is used in obtaining the system equations. The method is a matrix-based approach. It is suitable for both symbolic manipulation and numeric processes. Furthermore, the frequency domain analysis is realized using the system model. Application examples are included to illustrate the method.Predstavljena je općenita metoda za određivanje prijenose funkcije sustava s više ulaza i više izlaza. U ovome članku predložena je sistematična i efikasna formulacija za računanje prijenosne matrice koja sadrži prijenosne funkcije, nužne za modeliranje sustava ovakvog tipa. Modificirana metoda čvorova, čija je primjena jednostavnija nego analiza u prostoru stanja, koristi se za određivanje jednadžbi sustava. Predložena metoda temelji se na matričnom računu. Prikladna je za simboličko i numeričko računanje. Nadalje, koristeći model sustava napravljena je i frekvencijska analiza. Također, priloženi su i primjeri radi ilustracije primjene metode

Pojednostavljeni harmonički model za punovalni ispravljač s diodama

This paper proposes a simplified equivalent circuit model that can be used in the presentation of characteristic harmonic components generated by full wave diode rectifiers. In the model, the load current is assumed to be constant as in many industrial applications. In order to obtain an accurate and exact analysis, the proposed model involves both current harmonics on AC side and voltage harmonics on DC side of the full wave rectifiers. The model depends on Fourier series expansion for the load voltage and the source current waveforms.U radu je predložen pojednostavljeni ekvivalentni model električnog kruga koji se može koristiti za prikaz karakterističnih harmoničkih komponenata koje generira punovalni ispravljač. Pretpostavka modela je konstantan iznos struje tereta, što je česti slučaj u industrijskim primjenama. Kako bi se postigla vjerodostojnost modela, predloženi model uključuje harmonike struje na AC strani kao i harmonike napone na DC strani punovalnog ispravljača. Model ovisi o razvoju Fourierovog reda za valne oblike napona tereta i struje izvor

Characteristics of dual-type electrochromic devices based on poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers

Dual-type polymer electrochromic devices based on [(3-thienyl)methylmethacrylate]-co-[p-vinyl benzyloxy poly(ethylene oxide)]/polythiophene and thiophene-capped poly(ethylene oxide)/polythiophene and ethylene dioxythiophene were constructed via electropolymerization. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability and stability of the devices were investigated using UV-visible spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry. These devices exhibit low switching; voltages and short switching times with reasonable switching stability under atmospheric conditions. (C) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry

A novel architecture based on a conducting polymer and calixarene derivative: its synthesis and biosensor construction

In this study, a novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on a selenium comprising conducting polymer and calixarene was developed. Firstly, poly(2-(2-octyldodecyl)-4,7-di(selenoph-2-yl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]-triazole), poly((SBTz)) was electrodeposited onto a graphite electrode by an electropolymerization technique. Then, a newly synthesized calixarene and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mixture was used for the improvement of biosensor characteristics. GOx, as a model enzyme was immobilized on the modified electrode surface. The constructed surface serves as a sufficient immobilization platform for the detection of glucose. Calixarenes and their derivatives may be a favouring agent for enzyme immobilization due to their specific configurations. Moreover, through the covalent binding between the carboxylic groups of the calixarenes and amino groups of the biomolecule, effective enzyme immobilization can be achieved while protecting the well-ordered structure of the enzyme molecule. Amperometric detection was carried out following oxygen consumption at -0.7 V vs. the Ag reference electrode in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.5). The proposed biosensor showed a linear amperometric response for glucose within a concentration range of 0.005 to 0.5 mM (LOD: 0.004 mM). K-m(app) and sensitivity were calculated as 0.025 mM and 102 mu A mM(-1) cm(-2), respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphologies of successive modifications. Finally, the constructed biosensor was tested successfully to detect glucose in beverage samples

Bala (Ankara) Earthquakes: Implications for Shallow Crustal Deformation in Central Anatolian Section of the Anatolian Platelet (Turkey)

Central Anatolia is quiet in terms of seismic activity, and rarely earthquakes up to magnitude 5.6 occur in the inner part of the Anatolian block or Anatolian platelet. Southeast of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, two earthquake sequences with maximum magnitude of 5.6 occurred in 2005 and 2007. We discuss these shallow crustal deformation in the Anatolian platelet, in the light of seismological data from these earthquakes (M(L) = 5.6) and their aftershocks. Following the earthquake of December 20, 2007 near Bala town, Ankara, we installed seven temporary stations in the first 24 hours to observe the aftershock activity and these operated for more than 2 months. Approximately 920 aftershocks with magnitudes 5.5>M(L)>0.8 were located precisely. This is the first well-observed earthquake activity in the Central Anatolian section of the Anatolian platelet. We also re-analyzed the 2005 Bala earthquake sequence. The distribution of the well-located aftershocks and the focal mechanism solutions of the December 20, 2007 event define NW-SE-oriented right-lateral strike-slip faulting on a possible weak zone, namely the Afsar fault zone, as a result of the internal deformation in the Anatolian platelet. Our analyses seem to indicate that the Bala earthquake sequences are probably related to increasing seismic activity, following devastating 1999 earthquakes in the Marmara region, to the west

Efficacy of regorafenib in the second-and third-line setting for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A real life data of multicenter study from Turkey

Purpose: After failure of the first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced or metastatic stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), regorafenib is one of the newly-approved targeted agents. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced HCC treated in the secondor third-line setting

Efficacy of regorafenib in the second-and third-line setting for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A real life data of multicenter study from Turkey

Purpose: After failure of the first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced or metastatic stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), regorafenib is one of the newly-approved targeted agents. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of regorafenib in patients with advanced HCC treated in the secondor third-line setting