Η αγωνιστική ισορροπία στο πρωτάθλημα υδατοσφαίρισης

Ο όρος «αγωνιστική ισορροπία» σχετίζεται με την ισόρροπη ανάπτυξη των ομάδων μίας αθλητικής λίγκας και στην ομοιογένειά τους ως προς την αθλητική τους ικανότητα. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση του επιπέδου και της διαχρονικής εξέλιξης της αγωνιστικής ισορροπίας στην Α1 κατηγορία ανδρών στο άθλημα της υδατοσφαίρισης για την περίοδο από το 1996/97 έως και το 2019/20 και η σύγκριση με το αντίστοιχο πρωτάθλημα της χειροσφαίρισης. Η εργασία επικεντρώθηκε στη διάσταση της αγωνιστικής ισορροπίας σε επίπεδο αγωνιστικής περιόδου με τη χρήση ανάλογων δεικτών. Από τα αποτελέσματα προκύπτει ως το επίπεδο της αγωνιστικής ισορροπίας είναι εξαιρετικά χαμηλό για το άθλημα της υδατοσφαίρισης, ενώ παράλληλα αποδεικνύεται το χαμηλό επίπεδο της αγωνιστικής ισορροπίας ως προς την διαχρονική της εξέλιξη. Συγκρίνοντας το επίπεδο και τη διαχρονική εξέλιξη της αγωνιστικής ισορροπίας μεταξύ υδατοσφαίρισης και χειροσφαίρισης, διαπιστώθηκε αν και παραμένει σε χαμηλά επίπεδα, η αγωνιστική ισορροπία στη χειροσφαίριση παρουσιάζεται βελτιωμένη σε σχέση με την υδατοσφαίριση.Competitive Balance is a term correlated to the balanced development of teams that constitute a Sport League. The specific term is also related to the homogeneity of these teams regarding their athletic ability. This study aims to investigate both the level and the timeless evolution of the competitive balance, as regards the A1 category of the male championship from 1996/ 97 to 2019/ 20, in comparison to the corresponding handball championship. The study focuses on the seasonal dimension of competitive balance, with the use of equivalent indicators. According to the results, both the level of the competitive balance and the timeless evolution are significantly low as far water polo is concerned. Comparing the level and the timeless evolution of the competitive balance between these two sports, we can infer that the competitive balance is more evolved in water polo, than in handball, although it remains low

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Η Παιδαγωγική Μέθοδος " Φρενέ " στην Εκπαίδευση

Καθίσταται απόλυτα σαφές πως η παιδαγωγική μέθοδος του Φρενέ αποτέλεσε ένα από τα σημαντικότερα, αν όχι το σημαντικότερο, μοντέλο όσον αφορά στην παιδαγωγική διαδικασία. Ο Σελεστέν Φρενέ, ένας από τους σημαντικότερους Γάλλους μελετητές - θεωρητικούς στην ιστορία της εκπαίδευσης. Η επίδραση που άσκησε και η γενικότερη απήχησή του παιδαγωγού διαμόρφωσε σε μεγάλο βαθμό τα εκπαιδευτικά πράγματα του 20ου και 21ου αιώνα. Οι τεχνικές που εισήγαγε ο Freinet στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία στηρίζονταν σε ορισμένες βασικές αρχές. Αυτές οι αρχές σχετίζονταν άμεσα με τη συνεργασία , την ελεύθερη έκφραση και επικοινωνία , την έρευνα , τον πειραματισμό , την κοινωνικοποίηση με λίγα λόγια τον ιδανικό ρόλο που καλούνται να διαδραματίσουν οι μαθητές στο πλαίσιο του σχολείου. Ο Freinet με βάση αυτές τις τεχνικές ήθελε να δώσει στους μαθητές τη δυνατότητα να δημιουργήσουν αλλά και να ενταχθούν σε ένα παιδαγωγικό περιβάλλον . Μπόρεσε να βοηθήσει τελικά και στην ανασυγκρότηση του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος και στην εμφάνιση μιας νέας εκπαίδευσης, η οποία θα θεμελιώνεται σε θεμελιώδεις αρχές επικοινωνίας, κοινωνικότητας, ανθρώπινης επαφής κλπ. Το βασικότερο στοιχείο βέβαια είναι πως και ο ίδιος ο Φρενέ θέλησε να διορθώσει τα κακώς κείμενα της εποχής του όσον αφορά στην εκπαιδευτική πολιτική. Αυτό το γεγονός, λοιπόν, αποτέλεσε και τη βάση και έδωσε το έναυσμα να γραφτεί το όνομα αυτού του ανθρώπου στην ιστορία της εκπαίδευσης με χρυσά γράμματα.It becomes quite clear that Freinet’s pedagogical method was one of the most important, if not the most important, model in terms of the pedagogical process. Celestine Freinet , one of the most important French scholars - theorists in the history of education. The influence that he exerted and the general repercussion of the educator greatly shaped the educational things of the 20th and 21st century. The techniques introduced by Freinet in the educational process were based on certain basic principles. These principles were directly related to cooperation, free expression and communication, research, experimentation, socialization, in other words, the ideal role that students are called to play in the school. Based on these techniques, Freinet wanted to enable students to create and integrate into a pedagogical environment. He was able to help in the reconstruction of the educational system and in the emergence of a new education, which will be based on fundamental principles of communication, sociability, human contact, etc. The most important element of course is that Freinet wanted to correct his mistakes based on the education policy. This fact gave the impetus to write the name of this man in the history of education in golden letters

Peripherally InSerted CEntral catheter dressing and securement in patients with cancer:The PISCES trial. Protocol for a 2x2 factorial, superiority randomised controlled trial

Introduction Around 30% of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) fail from vascular, infectious or mechanical complications. Patients with cancer are at highest risk, and this increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Effective PICC dressing and securement may prevent PICC failure; however, no large randomised controlled trial (RCT) has compared alternative approaches. We designed this RCT to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of dressing and securements to prevent PICC failure. Methods and analysis Pragmatic, multicentre, 2×2 factorial, superiority RCT of (1) dressings (chlorhexidine gluconate disc (CHG) vs no disc) and (2) securements (integrated securement dressing (ISD) vs securement device (SED)). A qualitative evaluation using a knowledge translation framework is included. Recruitment of 1240 patients will occur over 3 years with allocation concealment until randomisation by a centralised service. For the dressing hypothesis, we hypothesise CHG discs will reduce catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSI) compared with no CHG disc. For the securement hypothesis, we hypothesise that ISD will reduce composite PICC failure (infection (CABSI/local infection), occlusion, dislodgement or thrombosis), compared with SED. Secondary outcomes: types of PICC failure; safety; costs; dressing/securement failure; dwell time; microbial colonisation; reversible PICC complications and consumer acceptability. Relative incidence rates of CABSI and PICC failure/100 devices and/1000 PICC days (with 95% CIs) will summarise treatment impact. Kaplan-Meier survival curves (and log rank Mantel-Haenszel test) will compare outcomes over time. Secondary end points will be compared between groups using parametric/non-parametric techniques; p values <0.05 will be considered to be statistically significant

The challenges of vaccine trial participation among underserved and hard-to-reach communities : an internal expert consultation of the VACCELERATE Consortium

Abstract: Underserved and hard-to-reach population groups are under-represented in vaccine trials. Thus, we aimed to identify the challenges of vaccine trial participation of these groups in member countries of the VACCELERATE network. Seventeen National Coordinators (NC), each representing their respective country (15 European countries, Israel, and Turkey), completed an online survey. From 15 eligible groups, those that were more frequently declared underserved/hard-to-reach in vaccine research were ethnic minorities (76.5%), persons experiencing homelessness (70.6%), illegal workers and refugees (64.7%, each). When prioritization for education on vaccine trials was considered, ethnic groups, migrants, and immigrants (5/17, 29.4%) were the groups most frequently identified by the NC as top targets. The most prominent barriers in vaccine trial participation affecting all groups were low levels of health literacy, reluctance to participate in trials due to engagement level, and low levels of trust in vaccines/vaccinations. This study highlighted population groups considered underserved/hard-to-reach in countries contained within the European region, and the respective barriers these groups face when participating in clinical studies. Our findings aid with the design of tailored interventions (within-and across-countries of the European region) and with the development of strategies to overcome major barriers in phase 2 and phase 3 vaccine trial participation

The Challenges of Vaccine Trial Participation among Underserved and Hard-to-Reach Communities: An Internal Expert Consultation of the VACCELERATE Consortium

: Underserved and hard-to-reach population groups are under-represented in vaccine trials. Thus, we aimed to identify the challenges of vaccine trial participation of these groups in member countries of the VACCELERATE network. Seventeen National Coordinators (NC), each representing their respective country (15 European countries, Israel, and Turkey), completed an online survey. From 15 eligible groups, those that were more frequently declared underserved/hard-to-reach in vaccine research were ethnic minorities (76.5%), persons experiencing homelessness (70.6%), illegal workers and refugees (64.7%, each). When prioritization for education on vaccine trials was considered, ethnic groups, migrants, and immigrants (5/17, 29.4%) were the groups most frequently identified by the NC as top targets. The most prominent barriers in vaccine trial participation affecting all groups were low levels of health literacy, reluctance to participate in trials due to engagement level, and low levels of trust in vaccines/vaccinations. This study highlighted population groups considered underserved/hard-to-reach in countries contained within the European region, and the respective barriers these groups face when participating in clinical studies. Our findings aid with the design of tailored interventions (within-and across-countries of the European region) and with the development of strategies to overcome major barriers in phase 2 and phase 3 vaccine trial participation