Sobre algunas cuestiones vinculadas a la opinión consultiva del parlamento del Mercosur en materia del pago de las dietas de los parlamentarios electos

El presente trabajo se refiere a la controversia originada en torno al pago de las dietas y beneficios correspondientes a los primeros parlamentarios argentinos ante el PARLASUR, quienes, desde diciembre de 2015 hasta la fecha de la presentación del artículo, no han cobrado ningún tipo de emolumento, salario, sueldo, remuneración o equivalente por sus funciones, como así tampoco ningún tipo de beneficio de seguridad social ni aporte previsional, percibiendo únicamente el pago de los pasajes de avión y viáticos en ocasión de las reuniones a las cualesdeben asistir. Ello generó acciones judiciales en el ámbito interno y, en el plano del MERCOSUR, provocó que varios parlamentarios argentinos presentaran en el PARLASUR en ocasión de su LIIa sesión ordinaria (11/12/2017), un proyecto de disposición (MEP/551/2017) -que se incluye como anexo del presente trabajo- por el cual ese legislativo regional eleva una opinión consultiva al Tribunal Permanente de Revisión (TPR), a fin de que dicho tribunal esclarezca el sentido y alcance de la normativa mercosureña vinculada a la cuestión del pago de las dietas

La integración regional en el Mercosur sobre la base del Tratado de Asunción

Presenta un análisis de los desarrollos del Tratado de Asunción firmado en 1991 por Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay, como instrumento fundacional de un programa que debe llevar a un Mercado Común: MERCOSUR. Muestra sus antecedentes y relación con el Tratado de Montevideo de 1980 que creó la ALADI. Revisa los distintos instrumentos modificatorios y complementarios del Tratado, dando especial importancia al Anexo I que establece el Pacto de Libre Comercio sobre eliminación de restricciones tanto arancelarias como no arancelarias, por ser este principio de la libre circulación de mercaderías, básico en el proceso de integración y orientador en la interpretación del Derecho Regional. Aborda en extenso el tema de la Unión Aduanera entre los países del MERCOSUR y expone la situación actual en cuanto a libre circulación de trabajadores, libertad de establecimiento, prestación de servicios y relaciones con otros bloques de países.   This gives an analysis of the developments of the Treaty of Asunción signed in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay as a fundamental tool of a program which would result in a Common Market: MERCOSUR. Mercosur bases its background and relationships on the Treaty of Montevideo in 1980, which created ALADI. Mercosur reviews the different instruments modifying and complementing the Treaty, giving special attention to Appendix I, which establishes the Pact of Free Trade on the ending of tariff and non-tariff restrictions. Free trade is the principle of the free movement of goods, which is fundamental to the process of integration, apart from bring a guide to the interpretation of the Regional Law. Mercosur deals in detail with the topic of the Customs Union among the bloc and deals with the free movement of workers, unrestricted establishment of businesses, the offering of services and the relationships with other country blocs in the world

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Algunas consideraciones sobre la interpretación prejudicial obligatoria en el Derecho Andino

Interesante análisis que ahonda el tema de la interpretación prejudicial para la resolución de conflictos respecto a asuntos que trascienden las consideraciones jurídicas internas y que hacen necesario conocer las posiciones de Tribunales de justicia o supranacionales para tomar decisiones uniformes, frente a situaciones materia de tratados Internacionales relacionados con la Comunidad AndinaThis study addresses subject of prejudicial interpretation in solving conflicts in matters transcending internal legal considerations, requiring referral to sentences of Justice Tribunals or supranational ones to take uniform decisions before scenarios of international treaties involving Andean Communit

Algunas consideraciones sobre la interpretación prejudicial obligatoria en el Derecho Andino

Interesante análisis que ahonda el tema de la interpretación prejudicial para la resolución de conflictos respecto a asuntos que trascienden las consideraciones jurídicas internas y que hacen necesario conocer las posiciones de Tribunales de justicia o supranacionales para tomar decisiones uniformes, frente a situaciones materia de tratados Internacionales relacionados con la Comunidad Andin