143 research outputs found
Christopher Rollanson, 'Read Books, Repeat Quotations': The Literary Bob Dylan. Two Riders/The Bridge, 2021
Â
âWeâre All Mad Hereâ: Alienation, Madness, and Crafting Tom Waits
Tom Waits, through his poetry, his poetic and public personae, has become the father of the desperate failures of society, those who lay down and fill the background with disillusionment. No-direction-homers flock together and become the majority of Waitsâ main characters. As an artist, he gives a voice and a name to those who, otherwise, would remain invisible, endowing them with corporeality. Waits, through the projection of his public persona, illumines the lives of the weak, who strive to survive in a world that has always fed upon those below. There is something honourable about the people who struggle the most, trying to find their path in the darkest of places, and Waits, through his career as an entertainer, has always prioritised his respect for these people, praising their many faults and poor decisions, merging them with the tormented collective and thus becoming one with their sadness and horror.
This paper will focus on how Tom Waits constructs his personae through an identification with the disappointments of society: the underdog, and, more particularly, the alcoholic underdog. I intend to focus mainly on the lyrical content of his albums Rain Dogs and Small Change, together with their respective representations in other art forms, specifically interviews, lives, artistry, etc. This section will also include Tom Waitsâ depiction of some characters as grotesques, as they form the limits of societal acceptance. In the last section, I will examine the presence and construction of these grotesques in his album Alice (2002), while comparing the lyrical content to its other cultural manifestations
Influence de la Transition Epithélio-Mésenchymateuse sur la réponse T cytotoxique anti-tumorale
The anti-tumor immunology and immunotherapy have recently undergone major breakthroughs, with the identification of immune surveillance process and the development of several vaccine approaches. However, the fact remains that the induction of an antitumor immune response is still not effective enough. Certainly, the antitumor cytotoxic response is a dynamic and interactive phenomenon, involving cytotoxic effectors and tumor targets, but its effectiveness is considerably influenced by the tumor microenvironment and its plasticity. Recent studies support the importance of taking into account the tumor susceptibility to lysis by anti-tumor cytotoxic effectors, notably Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs), especially in a context of cellular plasticity. On the grounds of these studies, this research aims at understanding the role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the susceptibility of tumor cells to CTLs mediated lysis in different models of breast cell carcinoma. Our results reveal that EMT is able to induce a decrease in the susceptibility of mesenchymal cells to specific lysis. It calls therefore multiple actors. First, in both study models, it turns out that the EMT is able to downregulate the expression of HLA-A2 molecule. Then, in the first experimental model, we show that EMT induces an alteration of signalling at the immunological synapse. Moreover, the regulator of autophagy, Beclin 1, plays a crucial role in the induction of reduced susceptibility to lysis by T-CD8+ lymphocytes following induction of EMT. In the second experimental model, we show that the mechanisms used by EMT to regulate the susceptibility of mesenchymal cells to lysis by CTLs involve the induction of the transcription factor inducing cancer stem cells properties, KLF4, as well as the downregulation of miR-7 expression. Together, these results shed light on new mechanisms used by malignant tumor cells to escape to lysis by T-CD8+ lymphocytes following the induction of EMT. Thus, this study advocates the importance of targeting transcription factors, which are inducers of EMT and responsible for cellular plasticity, in order to neutralize their function. These insights may prove useful for the development of new strategies aimed at better controlling the escape of invasive tumor cells to specific lysis, and ultimately ensuring a more effective immunotherapy against cancer.Lâimmunologie anti-tumorale et lâimmunothĂ©rapie ont connu derniĂšrement de grandes avancĂ©es avec la mise en Ă©vidence du processus dâimmuno-surveillance et le dĂ©veloppement de plusieurs approches vaccinales. Il nâen demeure pas moins que lâinduction dâune rĂ©ponse immunitaire anti-tumorale se traduit peu par lâĂ©radication de la tumeur. Comme phĂ©nomĂšne dynamique et interactif, la rĂ©ponse cytotoxique anti-tumorale implique les effecteurs cytotoxiques et les cibles tumorales; pourtant, le microenvironnement tumoral et sa plasticitĂ© influent largement sur lâefficacitĂ© de celle-lĂ . Avec lâappui de rĂ©centes donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales, il apparaĂźt crucial de prendre en compte la susceptibilitĂ© tumorale Ă la lyse par les effecteurs cytotoxiques anti-tumoraux, notamment les lymphocytes T cytotoxiques (CTLs), et plus particuliĂšrement dans un contexte de plasticitĂ© cellulaire. Ainsi, le principal objectif de mes travaux de thĂšse est de saisir le rĂŽle de la Transition ĂpithĂ©lio-MĂ©senchymateuse (EMT) dans la susceptibilitĂ© des cellules tumorales Ă la lyse par les CTLs dans des modĂšles cellulaires de cancer du sein. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent que lâEMT est capable dâinduire une diminution de la susceptibilitĂ© des cellules mĂ©senchymateuses Ă la lyse spĂ©cifique. Elle engage de ce fait de multiples acteurs. Tout dâabord, dans les deux modĂšles dâĂ©tude, il sâavĂšre que lâEMT est capable de rĂ©guler nĂ©gativement lâexpression de la molĂ©cule HLA-A2. Ensuite, dans le premier modĂšle expĂ©rimental, nous avons Ă©tabli que lâEMT induit une altĂ©ration de la signalisation au niveau de la synapse immunologique. De plus, le rĂ©gulateur de lâautophagie, Becline 1, joue un rĂŽle crucial dans lâinduction de la diminution de la sensibilitĂ© Ă la lyse par les lymphocytes T-CD8+ suite Ă lâinduction de lâEMT. Dans le deuxiĂšme modĂšle dâĂ©tude, le mĂ©canisme mis en jeu par lâEMT pour rĂ©guler la susceptibilitĂ© des cellules mĂ©senchymateuses Ă la lyse par les CTLs se manifeste dans lâinduction du facteur de transcription inducteur des propriĂ©tĂ©s de cellules souches cancĂ©reuses, le KLF4 ainsi que via la rĂ©gulation nĂ©gative de lâexpression du miR-7. Ensemble, ces rĂ©sultats Ă©lucident de nouveaux mĂ©canismes dâĂ©chappement des cellules tumorales malignes Ă la lyse par les lymphocytes T-CD8+ suite Ă lâinduction de lâEMT. Cette Ă©tude soutient ainsi lâimportance du ciblage des facteurs de transcription inducteurs de lâEMT et responsables de la plasticitĂ© cellulaire afin de neutraliser leur fonction. Cela pourrait aider Ă construire une nouvelle stratĂ©gie pour mieux contrĂŽler lâĂ©chappement des cellules tumorales invasives Ă la lyse spĂ©cifique et in fine pour garantir une immunothĂ©rapie plus efficace contre le cancer
Islam and Laicism
URL del artĂculo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1542El Laicismo en el Islam ha separado a musulmanes sunnĂes y shĂies, a los fundamentalistas de los liberales desde hace mĂĄs de una centuria, como se ha evidenciado en etiquetas como ladiniya e ilmaniya. Intelectuales marroquĂes de izquierda se han adentrado periĂłdicamente en este debate. Pero mientras los europeos tienden a entender este conflicto en las comunidades musulmanas como una confrontaciĂłn entre laicismo y teocracia, en el seno de estas comunidades el problema es entendido como el conflicto de tradiciĂłn versus modernidad. En realidad, el laicismo es una invenciĂłn religiosa que muchos pensadores creen compatible con principios islĂĄmicos. La comunidad musulmana española estĂĄ compuesta de pueblos de muy diferentes paĂses, donde el Islam es la Ășnica religiĂłn, y para ellos el nuevo contexto europeo estĂĄ generando nuevas vĂas para vivir su fe religiosa. DespuĂ©s del 11-M, sin embargo, algunos columnistas de prensa y escritores españoles han decidido estigmatizar al Islam, y muchos problemas sociales y econĂłmicos son interpretados como culturales o religiosos. España tiene un importante rol que desarrollar en este debate.Laicism in Islam has divided Sunni Muslims from Shiites and fundamentalists from liberals for more than a century, as evidenced in labels such as ladiniya, ilmaniya. Moroccan leftist intellectuals have periodically entered the dabate. But, while europeans tend to understand conflicts within european muslim communities as a confrontation between laicism and teocracy, within those communities the problem is understood as that of tradition vs. modernity. In fact, laicism is a religious invention that many thinkers deem compatible with Islamic principles. The Spanish Muslim community is composed by people from many different countries where Islam is the only religion, and their new European context is generating new ways of living their religious faith. After 11-M, however, some spanish journalists and writers have taken to stigmatize Islam, and many social and economic problems are interpreted as cultural or religious ones. Spain has an important role to play in the debate.Universidad Pablo de Olavid
Islam y Laicidad
El Laicismo en el Islam ha separado a musulmanes sunnĂes y shĂies, a los fundamentalistas de los liberales desde hace mĂĄs de una centuria, como se ha evidenciado en etiquetas como ladiniya e ilmaniya. Intelectuales marroquĂes de izquierda se han adentrado periĂłdicamente en este debate. Pero mientras los europeos tienden a entender este conflicto en las comunidades musulmanas como una confrontaciĂłn entre laicismo y teocracia, en el seno de estas comunidades el problema es entendido como el conflicto de tradiciĂłn versus modernidad. En realidad, el laicismo es una invenciĂłn religiosa que muchos pensadores creen compatible con principios islĂĄmicos. La comunidad musulmana española estĂĄ compuesta de pueblos de muy diferentes paĂses, donde el Islam es la Ășnica religiĂłn, y para ellos el nuevo contexto europeo estĂĄ generando nuevas vĂas para vivir su fe religiosa. DespuĂ©s del 11-M, sin embargo, algunos columnistas de prensa y escritores españoles han decidido estigmatizar al Islam, y muchos problemas sociales y econĂłmicos son interpretados como culturales o religiosos. España tiene un importante rol que desarrollar en este debate.------------------------------------------------------------------Laicism in Islam has divided Sunni Muslims from Shiites and fundamentalists from liberals for more than a century, as evidenced in labels such as ladiniya, ilmaniya. Moroccan leftist intellectuals have periodically entered the dabate. But, while europeans tend to understand conflicts within european muslim communities as a confrontation between laicism and teocracy, within those communities the problem is understood as that of tradition vs. modernity. In fact, laicism is a religious invention that many thinkers deem compatible with Islamic principles. The Spanish Muslim community is composed by people from many different countries where Islam is the only religion, and their new European context is generating new ways of living their religious faith. After 11-M, however, some spanish journalists and writers have taken to stigmatize Islam, and many social and economic problems are interpreted as cultural or religious ones. Spain has an important role to play in the debate
ANALYSE DU COMPORTEMENT DU HANDOVER VERTICAL SELON UNE VARIETE DE PROTOCOLES DE TRANSPORT
Ce travail sâinscrit dans un projet visant Ă assurer une continuitĂ© de service pour une application de Voix IP (Internet Protocol) lors de la traversĂ©e de deux rĂ©seaux mobiles diffĂ©rents. Dans cet article nous nous intĂ©ressons Ă Ă©valuer lâutilisation de diffĂ©rents protocoles de transport TCP (Transport Control Protocol) : TCP New-Reno et TCP Vegas, en considĂ©rant diffĂ©rents paramĂštres liĂ©s Ă la QoS (Quality of Service). Cette Ă©valuation sâeffectue dans un contexte de mobilitĂ© dâun utilisateur entre deux rĂ©seaux mobiles hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes (Wifi et Wimax). La plateforme NS2 (Network Simulator) sera utilisĂ©e pour effectuer les mesures nĂ©cessaires Ă cette Ă©valuation de protocoles
Cytokeratin 18 expression pattern correlates with renal cell carcinoma progression: Relationship with Snail
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and recent developments in the molecular biology of RCC have identified multiple pathways associated with the development of this cancer. This study aimed at analyzing the expression pattern of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) in RCC patients and its prognostic relevance. We quantified CK18 mRNA expression and protein using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in paired tumor and non-tumor samples from 42 patients. Our data indicate that CK18 mRNA and proteins levels increased with advanced stage and grade of the disease. Using primary (RCC5) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC5 met) cell lines, we demonstrated that CK18 expression was 5-fold higher in the metastatic as compared to the primary RCC cell line and correlated with a migratory phenotype characterized by a distinct elongated morphology as revealed by Phalloidin staining. In addition, RCC5 met cells displayed an increased capacity to attach to fibronectin and collagen which was lost following CK18 knock-down. Our data also indicate that the expression of CK18 was associated with increased Snail expression which correlated positively with advanced disease in RCC patients. The present findings suggest that CK18 may play an important role in the progression of RCC and it may be used as a new predictor for RCC
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Estrone Exploiting a Hydrogen Bond-Promoted DielsâAlder Reaction
Bidirectional crosstalk between PD-L1 expression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition: Significance in claudin-low breast cancer cells
- âŠ