角色扮演在《护理专业英语》教学中的应用

目的:探索《护理专业英语》教学方法,提高教学效果。方法:在《护理专业英语》教学中设置情境,学生进行角色扮演和英文对话,期末进行教学效果评价。结果:角色扮演可以激发学生课堂学习兴趣,情景对话有利于提高学生的英文表达和交流能力,增加学生的护理专业英语词汇量。结论:角色扮演教学法有利于提高《护理专业英语》教学效果,实现教学目标,可以在护理本科生教学中推广应用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者稳定期自我管理水平及其影响因素的研究

目的调查慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者稳定期自我管理行为状况,并分析其影响因素。方法对厦门市某3所三级综合医院108名门诊慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行问卷调查。问卷由一般资料问卷、自我管理量表、社会支持评定量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表4部分组成。结果患者稳定期自我管理水平得分为(137.43±23.15)分;社会支持、疾病知识、家庭人均月收入和病程是患者自我管理水平的影响因素。结论护理人员应针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者稳定期自我管理的影响因素,为患者提供个性化的护理,促进其主动参与疾病管理

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Family Hardiness Index

目的测评中文版家庭坚韧性量表的信度和效度。方法取得原作者对量表的翻译和使用的授权,组成翻译小组对量表进行翻译,选取30名入院患儿的父母进行预调查,对语言表述调适,采用中文版家庭坚韧性量表对330名住院患儿父母进行调查,评价其内部一致性、重测信度、内容效度、结构效度。结果中文版家庭坚韧性量表的CrOnbACH'Sα系数为0.803,折半信度系数为0.738,各条目内容效度和量表总体内容效度指数均为1,结构效度3个公因子的累积贡献率为61.25%。结论中文版家庭坚韧性量表的信度和效度高,有可操作性,可作为家庭坚韧性的测量工具。Objective To validate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version Family Hardiness Index( FHI).Methods On base of obtaining authorized translation and use of the scale's original author,a translation team was set up to translate the FHI.Thirty hospitalized children's parents were asked to participate in the preliminary investigation,language adjustment was done.Totally,330 parents of hospitalized children were investigated by FHI of Chinese version.Then,the Cronbach's alpha coefficient,test-retest reliability,content validity and construct validity were then tested.Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese version FHI was 0.803,the split-half reliability was 0.738,the content validity I-CVI was 1,S-CVI was 1,and the three common factors' accumulating contribution rate was 61.25%.Conclusion The Chinese version FHI has good reliability and validity,and has high operability.It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of family hardiness

综合性高校大学生《现场救护》全校性选修课的实践

目的探讨大学生全校性选修《现场救护》的培训方法及效果。方法对114名在校大学生开设《现场救护》全校性选修课,以观看视听光盘教材结合教师面授、实际操作练习、参观医院急诊科及考核的方法进行现场救护的急救技术培训。结果学生考核成绩均合格,对课程的平均满意度为92.6%。结论《现场救护》全校性选修课可作为综合性高校大学生掌握常用急救技术的有效途径之一,大学生通过选修《现场救护》可以提高现场应对和处理意外事件的能力

掺Sn的In_20_3透明导电膜生长优先取向对其光电性能的影响

采用反应热蒸发法制备掺sn的In_20_3（ITO）透明导电膜，系统研究了ITO薄膜生长的优先取向对其光电性能的影响，结果表明，ITO薄膜（400）取向的优先生长对其透过率影响很小，但可明显增加载流子迁移率，从而有效降低了薄膜的方块电阻。在两个相同的薄膜硅／单晶硅太阳能电池上分别沉积（222）和（400）ITO优先取向膜，光电转换效率分别为10．3％和12．9％，表明（400）取向更有利于提高电池效率。经优化，最佳衬底温度（T_s）为225℃，最佳氧流量（fo_2）为4sccm。在优化的沉积条件下制备ITO薄膜，其电阻率可达到4.8x10~(-4)Ω·cm，可见波段的透过率大于90％，性能指数为3.8×10~(-2)□/Ω

Therapeutic Efficacy of Itraconazole versus Fluconazole in the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis:A Meta-analysis

目的:系统评价伊曲康唑对比氟康唑治疗单纯性外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的临床疗效,以为临床提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索PubMEd、EMbASE、MEdlInE、THE COCHrAnE lIbrAry、中文科技期刊数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库,收集伊曲康唑对比氟康唑治疗单纯性VVC的随机对照试验(rCT),提取资料后采用rEV MAn 5.2统计软件进行META分析。结果:纳入7项rCT,合计1 006例患者。META分析结果显示,氟康唑组患者总治愈率[Or=0.50,95%CI(0.32,0.79),P=0.003]、第一阶段随访的真菌学治愈率高于伊曲康唑组[Or=0.61,95%CI(0.42,0.89),P=0.01],两组比较差异有统计学意义;两组患者临床治愈率、第二阶段随访的真菌学治愈率以及复发率比较差异无统计学意义。结论:氟康唑治疗单纯性VVC的疗效优于伊曲康唑,可以提高患者的总治愈率和第一阶段随访的真菌学治愈率。由于纳入研究数量较少、质量偏低,该结论尚需大样本、高质量的rCT进一步证实。OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of itraconazole versus fluconazol in the treatment of simple vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) systematically and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical use.METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Medline,The Cochrane Library,VIP,CNKI and Wanfang database,RCT about itraconazole versus fluconazol in the treatment of simple VVC were collected,and Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software after extracting data.RESULTS:A total of 7 RCT were included,involving 1 006 patients.Meta-analysis showed that total cure rate[OR=0.50,95%CI(0.32,0.79),P=0.003] and 1st microbiological cure rate [OR=0.61,95%CI(0.42,0.89),P=0.01] of control group were higher than trial group;there was statistical significance;there was no significant difference in cure rate,2nd microbiological cure rate and recurrence rate between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Itraconazole maybe perform better than fluconazole in the treatment of simple VVC,and can improve cure rate and 1st microbiological cure rate.Due to small-scale and low-quality included studies,the conclusion should be further validated by large-scale and high-quality RCTs.国家科技支撑计划子课题(No.2013BAI06B04Y023081

铂纳米空球的制备及其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以粒径为100nm的硒球作模板,在室温下批量合成了粒径约110nm、壳厚约5 nm的铂空球.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散X射线谱(EDX)等检测技术表征了其形貌与结构;以甲醇为探针分子研究了铂纳米空球修饰玻碳电极对甲醇电氧化的催化性能.结果表明,由铂原子簇团构筑的多孔铂空球粒径均匀、分散性好、结构稳定、比表面积大、传质性能好,是甲醇氧化的理想催化材料.循环伏安(CV)结果表明:当甲醇氧化的电流密度0.10 mA·cm~(-2),正扫时,铂纳米空球的氧化电位与实心铂纳米粒子及铂黑相比,分别负移了约110和64mV;负扫时,前者比后两者分别负移了约51与13 mV.经800圈循环伏安扫描后,正扫时,甲醇在铂纳米空球上氧化峰的电流密度为实心铂纳米粒子及铂黑上的13和15倍;负扫时,前者为后两者的19和38倍.表明铂纳米空球对甲醇氧化具有较好的催化活性和稳定性

2005～2015年CERN光合有效辐射数据集

光合有效辐射在生态学、农学以及气候学等多个学科中都有重要的应用价值。它是揭示物质与能量交换过程的基本生理变量,是光合潜力、潜在产量的评估研究和作物生长模拟研究、土壤碳的固定模拟研究中不可缺少的关键数据之一。该数据集涵盖了中国8个典型陆地生态类型、中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)下属的40个辐射观测站观测的光合有效辐射日均值,时间跨度为2005～2015年。通过对传感器的集中标定与规范的数据质量控制方案,保障了观测数据的可靠性与可比性。采用光谱仪、辐射标准灯传递辐射基准方案,对光合有效辐射传感器进行集中标定与比对,标定精度小于5%,符合世界气象组织(WMO)标准;采用极值法对观测的光合有效辐射数据进行质量控制

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel