Study of extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of flavonoids recovered from bamboo leaves

竹子作为一种重要的自然资源在各行业均有广泛应用，可制成乐器、文具、家具等日常用品。为了满足这些日常需求，每年均有大量的竹子被砍伐而产生大量的竹叶废弃物。竹叶废弃物含有大量的多糖、蛋白质、叶绿素和黄酮类化合物等物质，其中以黄酮类化合物附加值最高，应用前景最广泛。自二十世纪以来，以竹叶为原料提取竹叶黄酮成为高效利用竹叶废弃物的一种有效途径，在研究领域逐渐受到广泛关注。本文以竹叶为原料，系统地研究了竹叶黄酮高效提取、分离和纯化方法，并对所得竹叶黄酮产品进行了抗氧化性能测试，目的是为竹叶黄酮在食品中作为抗氧化剂的应用提供理论依据。 首先，采用表面活性剂协同微波进行了竹叶黄酮的提取。利用单因素法探索了...As an important resource, bamboo is widely used and can be made into various products, such as musical instruments, stationery, furniture and other daily necessities. In order to meet those demands, a large amount of bamboos were cut down and a lot of bamboo leave wastes were generated every year. Bamboo leaves contain polysaccharides, proteins, chlorophyll, flavonoids and some other components, a...学位：工学硕士院系专业：能源学院_能源化工学号：3242013115229

A Reinvestigation of the Structure of Bischlorine - bis[2 - methoxyl -6 - (2' - hydroxyethyl Imidogen Methyl)phenol] Cadmium(II) Complex

标题化合物的晶体结构曾用单斜晶系的空间群Cc描述.我们再研究确定其空间群应为正交晶系的Fdd2.修正涉及晶体的晶系、晶类和布拉维格子类型的改变,但仍属可呈现非线性光学活性的非心对称空间群.给出了在空间群Fdd2时的非氢原子坐标和主要键长和键角值.The crystal structure of the title complex previously described as monoclinic, space group Cc is corrected to be orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with cell parameters a = 1,1661 (2)nm, b - 3.0956(10)nm, c = 1.5475(3)nm, V=5.586(2)nm3, Z = 8. Corrections involve changing its crystal system and class as well as the lattice type, but the structure still belongs to one of the non - centrosymmetric space groups, which is necessary for the potential non - linear optical materials. Average atomic coordinates and selected bond lengths and angles are given.山东省自然科学基金(Y96B10029);; 山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室资助课

A reinvestigation of the structure of bischlorine-bis[2-methoxyl-6-(2 '-hydroxyethyl imidogen methyl)phenol] cadmium(II) complex

The crystal structure of the title complex previously described as monoclinic, space group Cc is corrected to be orthorhombic, space group Fdd2 with cell parameters a = 1.1661(2)nm, b =3.0956(10)nm, c =1.5475(3) nm, V = 5.586(2)nm(3), Z = 8. Corrections involve changing its crystal system and class as well as the lattice type, but the structure still belongs to one of the non - centrosymmetric space groups, which is necessary for the potential non - linear optical materials. Average atomic coordinates and selected bond lengths and angles are given

灰黄霉素对尖孢镰刀菌抑制作用的研究

为进一步扩展灰黄霉素的农业应用范畴,选择采自甜瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、苦瓜、辣椒和西红柿的不同专化型的10株致病性尖孢镰刀菌作为试验对象,系统研究了灰黄霉素对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用。分别采用抑菌圈法和抑菌率法,测定灰黄霉素对不同寄主来源的尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用,并显微观察灰黄霉素对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,灰黄霉素对不同寄主来源的尖孢镰刀菌具有良好的广谱抑制作用,但对不同菌株抑制效果差异显著,其抑制中浓度IC50为0.42～2.81mM。尖孢镰刀菌经4mM灰黄霉素处理后,菌丝变得稀疏、畸形、膨大、扭曲,从而影响其生长。因此,灰黄霉素可用于开发防治作物枯萎病的新型生物农药

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials