Nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic couplers: Analysis and fabrication

Mode mismatch between waveguides of different geometries and propagation mechanisms causes radiation and back reflection, which results in significant loss of optical power. This is considered one of the obstacles that prevents multiple applications of the optical integrated circuits. In this dissertation, we design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate four novel photonic couplers that achieve mode matching between hybrid waveguides. These hybrid waveguides include conventional optical waveguides, photonic crystal (PC) waveguides, and plasmonic waveguides. First, we propose a novel method to enhance the coupling efficiency between a dielectric waveguide and a planar PC. This method is based on introducing structural imperfections that cause a change in the mode size and shape inside the taper to match that of the PC line-defect waveguide. These imperfections are introduced by changing the size and position of the inner taper rods. Our results show that introducing the structural imperfections increases the coupling to 96% without affecting the transmission spectrum of the structure. Second, we demonstrate through numerical simulations and experiments that low crosstalk between two crossed line-defect waveguides formed in a square lattice PC structure can be achieved by using a resonant cavity at the intersection area. The PC resonator consists of cubic air-holes in silicon. The theoretical and experimental crosstalk values are approximately -40 dB and -20 dB, respectively. Third, we introduce a novel silicon microring vertical coupler that efficiently couples light into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide. A specific mode is excited to match the effective index of the SOI guided mode by oblique incidence. The vertical leakage from the microring forms gradual coupling into the SOI slab. Coupling efficiency up to 91% is demonstrated numerically. The coupler is fabricated and tested to confirm the analytical results. Fourth, we present a novel design, analysis, and fabrication of an ultracompact coupler and a 1 × 2 splitter based on plasmonic waveguides. In addition, we present two nano-scale plasmonic devices: a directional coupler and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The devices are embedded between two dielectric waveguides. Our simulation results show a coupling efficiency of 88% for the coupler, 45% for each splitter\u27s branch, 37% for a 2 × 2 directional coupler switch, and above 50% for the proposed designs of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In order to confirm the analytical results, the plasmonic air-slot coupler and splitter are fabricated and tested

The degree of Arabic language teachers' use of e-learning in public schools in Najran, Saudi Arabia

E-learning is among the best educational methods that contribute to providing education requirements at the lowest costs. It does not require a presence within a particular educational institution; it can be done from home, provided that there is a good internet connection. E-learning provides reliable and confirmed scientific material for students. Therefore, it became possible for any student to access the basic and correct source of information with the utmost ease at any time and anywhere. This study identifies the degree of use of Arabic language teachers in public secondary schools for e-learning and the differences therein according to the variables of gender, educational qualification, and years of experience. To achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive approach was used in the survey method. A questionnaire consisting of (17) items was applied to a sample consisting of (113) male and female teachers of the Arabic language in public secondary schools in Najran, Saudi Arabia, in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. The results showed that the total degree of Arabic language teachers in public secondary schools for using e-learning from the point of view of the study sample came with an arithmetic mean of (2.89) and a medium degree. Also, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the degree of use of Arabic language teachers in public secondary schools for e-learning from the point of view of the study sample, due to the variables of educational qualification and years of experience. The difference came for postgraduate studies and the experience level of fewer than 10 years. Finally, no statistically significant difference due to the gender variable existed

The Role of Female Teachers in Activating Effective Teaching Skills and Methods among High School Students from the Teachers’ Perspective – Najran, KSA

The study aimed to identify the role of female teachers in activating effective teaching skills and methods among high school students from the teachers’ perspective – Najran, KSA. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. Instrument of the study is a questionnaire with (76) items distributing to (3) domains: the first domain is effective teaching skills, the second one is teaching methods, and the third one is the obstacles limiting female teachers' role of activating effective teaching skills and methods. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of (614) female high school teachers at Najran Region. Results of the study indicated that there are some regulations limiting the work of teachers, and female teachers are very concerned about the participation and collaboration of all students in the different class activities. The female teachers were able to improve and develop their teaching methods according to the assessment results. Results showed also that female teachers are able to encourage students to prepare for daily school work; teachers were able to identify the difficulty levels in teaching the curriculum and that teachers are always smiling and energetic. In light of these results, the study recommended the need for developing daily plans for each lesson, to pose various class questions to students, and to engage teachers in training programs proper to the content of the lesson. Key words: Role of teachers, effective teaching skills, methods and Najran University. The research is funded by the Deanship of the Scientific Research at Najran University (NU/SHED/14/150

Evaluation of Spam Impact on Arabic Websites Popularity

The expansion of the Web and its information in all aspects of life raises the concern of how to trust information published on the Web especially in cases where publisher may not be known. Websites strive to be more popular and make themselves visible to search engines and eventually to users. Website popularity can be measured using several metrics such as the Web traffic (e.g. Website: visitors\u27 number and visited page number). A link or page popularity refers to the total number of hyperlinks referring to a certain Web page. In this study, several top ranked Arabic Websites are selected for evaluating possible Web spam behavior. Websites use spam techniques to boost their ranks within Search Engine Results Page (SERP). Results of this study showed that some of these popular Websites are using techniques that are considered spam techniques according to Search Engine Optimization guidelines

Designing an Algorithm for Students Impact on Social Adaptive Behavior in Political Education Context

This study aimed to discuss the social adjustment behaviors of university students. The social adjustment behaviors of university students not only relate to their healthy development but also significantly affect social development., the ideological and political education model combines with the impact on social adaptation behaviors of university students. It optimizes the article algorithm design and creates a theoretical model in the field of social adaptation of university students. The articles limitation is that it was made with a sample of 966 subjects. The methodology involved statistical analysis of students social adaptation status, understanding the average and standard deviation of each dimension and the basic situation of their social adaptation. The average social adjustment index of university students was found to be m=3.68. Changes were observed in the interpersonal relationships of university students in all dimensions of adaptation to the future, learning adaptation, psychological adaptation, and environmental adaptation before and after graduation. In conclusion, this article depends on the analysis of the current state of students adaptation to society, the main personal and environmental factors in the life of university students, and based on the results of analysis and research, provides recommendations for relevant improvements

An intelligent multimodal biometric authentication model for personalised healthcare services

With the advent of modern technologies, the healthcare industry is moving towards a more personalised smart care model. The enablers of such care models are the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). These technologies collect and analyse data from persons in care to alert relevant parties if any anomaly is detected in a patient’s regular pattern. However, such reliance on IoT devices to capture continuous data extends the attack surfaces and demands high-security measures. Both patients and devices need to be authenticated to mitigate a large number of attack vectors. The biometric authentication method has been seen as a promising technique in these scenarios. To this end, this paper proposes an AI-based multimodal biometric authentication model for single and group-based users’ device-level authentication that increases protection against the traditional single modal approach. To test the efficacy of the proposed model, a series of AI models are trained and tested using physiological biometric features such as ECG (Electrocardiogram) and PPG (Photoplethysmography) signals from five public datasets available in Physionet and Mendeley data repositories. The multimodal fusion authentication model shows promising results with 99.8% accuracy and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.16

Effectiveness of Using a Peer Learning Strategy to Reduce the Severity of Repetitive Stereotypical Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The study investigates the effectiveness of using a peer learning strategy to reduce the intensity of repetitive stereotypical behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder, and to identify the extent to which the effectiveness of the program continues after the end of the application through a follow-up assessment. The study was applied in Jordan, and the semi-experimental approach was used on the study sample that was selected by the intentional method consisting of (10) children with autism spectrum disorder, their ages ranging from (5-7) years. The researchers developed the scale of stereotypical behavior based on theoretical literature and previous studies, in addition to developing a program based on the use of peer learning strategy to reduce repetitive stereotypical behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. The results showed that there were significant differences between the average scores of children (experimental sample) on the dimensions of repetitive stereotyped behavior (sensory, motor, verbal, emotional, stereotyped, total score) in the pre and post-measurements in favor of post-measurement Moreover, there were no significant differences between the averages of the childrens (experimental sample) on the dimensions of stereotyped repetitive behavior (sensory, motor, verbal, emotional, stereotyped, total grade) in the post- measurement. The study recommended the importance of using a peer learning strategy to develop desirable behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder

Heavy metals accumulation in willows growing on Spolic Technosols from the abandoned Imperina Valley mine in Italy

Human activities such as metals mining and milling operations provide one of the most important sources of contamination in the environment. Abandoned mines can be an important source of toxic elements. The threat of heavy metal pollution posed by mine soils generally concerns more than one metal. The aim of this study was to assess total concentration of six potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe) in the soil and plant samples of three dominant willow species (Salix purpurea L., Salix caprea L. and Salix eleagnos Scop.) collected from abandoned mixed sulphide mine dumps (Imperina Valley, North-east Italy).Results demonstrate that metal concentrations in soils are in general above the Italian average limits and they are also significantly (except Cr), as compared with controls (p≤0.05), with averages of 2.12mgCdkg-1, 2267mgCukg-1, 9552mgPbkg-1, 1243mgZnkg-1 and 299,973mgFekg-1. The phytoremediation ability of selected Salix species for heavy metals was estimated. The results have revealed significant differences among willow species (p. ≤. 0.05) regardless of the species selected. The transfer factor and bioaccumulation coefficient of selected metals varied among plant species and from different sites. Some of the investigated species have potential for soil stabilization and extraction of heavy metals. The results indicate that there is an increasing need for further research projects mainly focused on the mechanisms whereby such willows are able to survive in contaminated soil

A survey on author profiling, deception, and irony detection for the Arabic language

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [FULL CITE], which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] The possibility of knowing people traits on the basis of what they write is a field of growing interest named author profiling. To infer a user's gender, age, native language, language variety, or even when the user lies, simply by analyzing her texts, opens a wide range of possibilities from the point of view of security. In this paper, we review the state of the art about some of the main author profiling problems, as well as deception and irony detection, especially focusing on the Arabic language.Qatar National Research Fund, Grant/Award Number: NPRP 9-175-1-033Rosso, P.; Rangel-Pardo, FM.; Hernandez-Farias, DI.; Cagnina, L.; Zaghouani, W.; Charfi, A. (2018). 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