Análisis, diseño e implementación de un sistema informático de notas académicas para el colegio pedagógico La Casita Mágica, de Rivera - Huila

Anexos en el documento finalEl análisis, diseño e implementación de un sistema informático el cual consta de una aplicación de escritorio a la medida, para el Colegio Pedagógico la Casita Mágica, ubicado en el municipio de Rivera Huila, la cual permitirá a los docentes y personal administrativo, poderse autenticar y de esta manera poder automatizar el proceso de notas académicas en la institución educativa. Para lo cual se implementó el sistema metodológico de desarrollo de ciclo de vida incremental; para lo cual se dio inicio con la investigación de campo, donde se recopilo información de los requerimientos del sistema, como también se pudo constatar la forma manual en la que realizaban el proceso y las demoras y en algunas ocasiones perdida de información, la cual tenían que volverla a digitar. Para el desarrollo de la presente solución se utilizaron diferentes herramientas tecnológicas como es Visual Studio Community 2019, la cual es una herramienta de uso libre, en entornos de programación con menos de 5 equipos, en el lenguaje de programación CSharp (C#), como gestor de base de datos, se usó MySql el cual también cuenta con una versión de uso libre como es la Community, para lo cual se usó la versión 8.0.17, también se hizo uso de otras herramientas de uso libre como son: yEd Graph Editor en su versión 3.19, el cual permite crear diferentes tipos de diagramas. En el desarrollo de vida de este se realizaron las respectivas pruebas de validación, por medio de las cuales se verifica el óptimo desempeño del aplicativo, con el cual se da solución a las necesidades del plantel educativo.The analysis, design and implementation of a computer system which consists of a desktop application to the measure, for the College Education Casita Magical, located in the municipality of Rivera Huila, which would allow teachers and administrative staff, be able to authenticate and in this way be able to automate the process of academic notes in the educational institution. For which was implemented the methodological system of development life-cycle incremental; for which it began with the field research, where compiled information on the system requirements, as well as it could verify the manually in which they were carrying the process and delays and in some cases loss of information, which had to re-typing. For the development of this solution is used different technological tools such as Visual Studio Community 2019, which is a tool of free use, in programming environments with less than 5 teams, in the programming language CSharp (C#), as the database administrator is using MySql which also has a version of free use as is the Community, for which we use the version 8.0.17, was also made use of other tools you use free as are: YEd Graph Editor in its version 3.19, which allows you to create different types of diagrams. In the development of life in the same were made the respective validation tests, by means of which verified the optimum performance of the application, with which gives the solution to the needs of the school campus

Dietary manipulation and caloric restriction in the development of mouse models relevant to neurological diseases

AbstractManipulation of diet such as increasing the level of fat or inducing insulin resistance has been shown to exacerbate the pathology in several animal models of neurological disease. Caloric restriction, however, has been demonstrated to extend the life span of many organisms. Reduced calorie consumption appears to increase the resistance of neurons to intracellular and extracellular stress and consequently improves the behavioural phenotype in animal models of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. We review the evidence from a variety of mouse models that diet is a risk factor that can significantly contribute to the development of neurological diseases

Ecosystem services for intensification of agriculture, with emphasis on increased nitrogen ecological use efficiency

Funding Information: This work was undertaken as part of NUCLEUS, a virtual joint center to deliver enhanced N-use efficiency via an integrated soil?plant systems approach for the United Kingdom and Brazil. This work was funded in Brazil by FAPESP-S?o Paulo Research Foundation (Grant Number 2015/50305-8), FAPEG-Goi?s Research Foundation (Grant Number 2015-10267001479), and FAPEMA-Maranh?o Research Foundation (Grant Number RCUK-02771/16); and in the United Kingdom by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant Number BB/N013201/1) under the Newton Fund scheme.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Silício na eficiência de Azospirillum brasilense em trigo

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do silício durante o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de trigo inoculadas com Azospirillum brasilense. A pesquisa compreendeu o ano agrícola 2015, testando dois corretivos agrícolas (calcário dolomítico e silicato de cálcio e magnésio), quatro métodos de inoculação (ausente, sulco, sulco/foliar e foliar) da estirpe Ab-V5 de Azospirillum brasilense e um controle, compondo fatorial 4x2+1 em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), altura de plantas (cm), volume de raiz (mL), número de perfilhos e folhas por planta (n° planta?1), e quantidade de nitrogênio e silício de parte aérea e raiz (g kg-1). A inoculação em sulco e foliar promove o acumulo de nitrogênio na parte aérea, mas reduz o número de perfilhos, que se reproduz sobre a menor produção de matéria seca desta região. O silício incrementa a altura de plantas de trigo, melhora a eficiência de absorção de nitrogênio na parte aérea e não restringe a atividade do Azospirillum brasilense, independente do método de inoculação, podendo ser empregado como insumo adicional à cultura

Repeated administration of the noradrenergic neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) modulates neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load in mice bearing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mutant transgenes

BACKGROUND: Data indicates anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-cognitive properties of noradrenaline and analyses of post-mortem brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients reveal major neuronal loss in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of CNS noradrenaline (NA). The LC has projections to brain regions vulnerable to amyloid deposition and lack of LC derived NA could play a role in the progression of neuroinflammation in AD. Previous studies reveal that intraperitoneal (IP) injection of the noradrenergic neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) can modulate neuroinflammation in amyloid over-expressing mice and in one study, DSP-4 exacerbated existing neurodegeneration. METHODS: TASTPM mice over-express human APP and beta amyloid protein and show age related cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. In the present studies, 5 month old C57/BL6 and TASTPM mice were injected once monthly for 6 months with a low dose of DSP-4 (5 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle. At 8 and 11 months of age, mice were tested for cognitive ability and brains were examined for amyloid load and neuroinflammation. RESULTS: At 8 months of age there was no difference in LC tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) across all groups and cortical NA levels of TASTPM/DSP-4, WT/Vehicle and WT/DSP-4 were similar. NA levels were lowest in TASTPM/Vehicle. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for various inflammatory markers were significantly increased in TASTPM/Vehicle compared with WT/Vehicle and by 8 months of age DSP-4 treatment modified this by reducing the levels of some of these markers in TASTPM. TASTPM/Vehicle showed increased astrocytosis and a significantly larger area of cortical amyloid plaque compared with TASTPM/DSP-4. However, by 11 months, NA levels were lowest in TASTPM/DSP-4 and there was a significant reduction in LC TH of TASTPM/DSP-4 only. Both TASTPM groups had comparable levels of amyloid, microglial activation and astrocytosis and mRNA for inflammatory markers was similar except for interleukin-1 beta which was increased by DSP-4. TASTPM mice were cognitively impaired at 8 and 11 months but DSP-4 did not modify this. CONCLUSION: These data reveal that a low dose of DSP-4 can have varied effects on the modulation of amyloid plaque deposition and neuroinflammation in TASTPM mice dependent on the duration of dosing

Forgetting, Reminding, and Remembering: The Retrieval of Lost Spatial Memory

Retrograde amnesia can occur after brain damage because this disrupts sites of storage, interrupts memory consolidation, or interferes with memory retrieval. While the retrieval failure account has been considered in several animal studies, recent work has focused mainly on memory consolidation, and the neural mechanisms responsible for reactivating memory from stored traces remain poorly understood. We now describe a new retrieval phenomenon in which rats' memory for a spatial location in a watermaze was first weakened by partial lesions of the hippocampus to a level at which it could not be detected. The animals were then reminded by the provision of incomplete and potentially misleading information—an escape platform in a novel location. Paradoxically, both incorrect and correct place information reactivated dormant memory traces equally, such that the previously trained spatial memory was now expressed. It was also established that the reminding procedure could not itself generate new learning in either the original environment, or in a new training situation. The key finding is the development of a protocol that definitively distinguishes reminding from new place learning and thereby reveals that a failure of memory during watermaze testing can arise, at least in part, from a disruption of memory retrieval

On the importance of long-term functional assessment after stroke to improve translation from bench to bedside

Despite extensive research efforts in the field of cerebral ischemia, numerous disappointments came from the translational step. Even if experimental studies showed a large number of promising drugs, most of them failed to be efficient in clinical trials. Based on these reports, factors that play a significant role in causing outcome differences between animal experiments and clinical trials have been identified; and latest works in the field have tried to discard them in order to improve the scope of the results. Nevertheless, efforts must be maintained, especially for long-term functional evaluations. As observed in clinical practice, animals display a large degree of spontaneous recovery after stroke. The neurological impairment, assessed by basic items, typically disappears during the firsts week following stroke in rodents. On the contrary, more demanding sensorimotor and cognitive tasks underline other deficits, which are usually long-lasting. Unfortunately, studies addressing such behavioral impairments are less abundant. Because the characterization of long-term functional recovery is critical for evaluating the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents in experimental strokes, behavioral tests that proved sensitive enough to detect long-term deficits are reported here. And since the ultimate goal of any stroke therapy is the restoration of normal function, an objective appraisal of the behavioral deficits should be done

Preclinical stroke research - advantages and disadvantages of the most common rodent models of focal ischaemia

This review describes the most commonly used rodent models and outcome measures in preclinical stroke research and discusses their strengths and limitations. Most models involve permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with therapeutic agents tested for their ability to reduce stroke-induced infarcts and improve neurological deficits. Many drugs have demonstrated preclinical efficacy but, other than thrombolytics, which restore blood flow, none have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. This failure to translate efficacy from bench to bedside is discussed alongside achievable steps to improve the ability of preclinical research to predict clinical efficacy: (i) Improvements in study quality and reporting. Study design must include randomization, blinding and predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and journal editors have the power to ensure statements on these and mortality data are included in preclinical publications. (ii) Negative and neutral studies must be published to enable preclinical meta-analyses and systematic reviews to more accurately predict drug efficacy in man. (iii) Preclinical groups should work within networks and agree on standardized procedures for assessing final infarct and functional outcome. This will improve research quality, timeliness and translational capacity. (iv) Greater uptake and improvements in non-invasive diagnostic imaging to detect and study potentially salvageable penumbral tissue, the target for acute neuroprotection. Drug effects on penumbra lifespan studied serially, followed by assessment of behavioural outcome and infarct within in the same animal group, will increase the power to detect drug efficacy preclinically. Similar progress in detecting drug efficacy clinically will follow from patient recruitment into acute stroke trials based on evidence of remaining penumbra

The effect of fuel price increases on road transport CO2 emissions

In his March 1993 Budget, the Chancellor announced a commitment to increase the real value of road fuel duty in subsequent Budgets as part of a strategy to return UK CO2 emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. This paper examines the effect of higher fuel prices on UK road transport CO2 emission using an econometric model of road transport fuel consumption. If the minimum commitments announced in the Budget were adhered up to the year 2000, about 1.5 m tonnes of carbon would be saved, which represents about one-seventh of the overall saving required to meet the Rio commitment.